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| Title: | 電腦軟體專利適格性之法制與政策——以美國法為中心
The law and policy of patent eligibility of computer software—focusing on U.S. law |
| Authors: | 劉文燦
Liu, Wencan |
| Contributors: | 沈宗倫
劉文燦
Liu, Wencan |
| Keywords: | 軟體專利
適格性
Alice
Mayo測試
軟體創新
Software patent
Eligibility
Alice
Mayo inquiry
Software innovation |
| Date: | 2017 |
| Issue Date: | 2017-08-10 10:01:19 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 在電腦軟體產業初露锋芒的1970至1980年代，美國曾一度就軟體是否是可專利的標的發生爭論。美國聯邦最高法院先後作出Gottschalk v. Benson (1972)、Parker v. Flook (1978)、Diamond v. Diehr (1981)等相關判決，為軟體的適格性問題定下了基調。
沉寂數十年後，在該議題幾乎要被人淡忘的時候，軟體的適格性在近年再次被推上了風口浪尖。美國聯邦最高法院連續作出數個專利適格性方面的判決。在其中的Alice Corp. Pty. v. CLS Bank International (2014)一案中，最高法院為判斷專利標的適格性設置了一套系統的測試方法。此後，雖然軟體在理論上依然是適格的專利標的，但在實務中軟體相關專利卻頻頻因不適格而被宣告為無效。變相的，軟體專利的效力被大幅削弱。
本文溯本求源，試圖了解這種政策背後的原因。本文從現象層面入手，介紹軟體專利遇到的相關問題。通過了解軟體的特徵，本文分析軟體創新與專利制度的相容性，發現專利制度的一些設定對於軟體創新並不合適。以此為基礎，本文主要針對專利激勵創新的理論論證現行專利制度對於軟體創新意義較小，進而支持美國聯邦最高法院弱化軟體專利的舉措。最後，本文將回顧部分美國聯邦最高法院和聯邦巡迴上訴法院在專利適格性方面的重要判決，並特別關注其中適格性測試的運用。通過梳理對該測試的理解，本文就適格性測試的適用提出了幾點建議。
In the early stage of software industry in 1970s to 1980s, it was controversial as to whether software was a patent eligible subject matter. The Supreme Court of United States made a series of eligibility-related cases, i.e. Gottschalk v. Benson (1972), Parker v. Flook (1978) and Diamond v. Diehr (1981) which are still influencing the issue of eligibility at present.
After decades of peace and when the issue is nearly forgotten, eligibility of software has become disputed again recently. The Supreme Court started another series of eligibility cases. Among them, Alice Corp. Pty. v. CLS Bank International (2014), a highly influential one, set forth a systemic rule for eligibility testing. After Alice, software-related patents are frequently invalidated due to eligibility by lower courts, though software in theory is patentable. In this way, the Supreme Court has greatly weakened software patent rights.
This thesis attempts to explore the reasons behind the policy. Starting from phenomena aspect, it introduces various issues that software patents encounter. Then the features of software will be discussed, the compatibility between software innovations and the patent system will be analyzed, and a conclusion will be reached that the current patent system is unfit for software innovations. On this account, the thesis argues that the patent system is less than effective for software innovations as far as the theory that patents encourage innovations is concerned. As a result, the policy of weakening software patents is supported. In the end, the thesis retraces some important legal cases delivered by the Supreme Court of United States and the Court of Appeals for Federal Circuit, and looks into how they check eligibility of patents. Proposing how the eligibility test the courts are using should be construed, the thesis offers several suggestions as to how the test should be applied. |
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其他資源
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
法律學系
103651067 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103651067 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [法律學系] 學位論文
|
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| 106701.pdf | 1451Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 713 | View/Open |
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