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    題名: 退休金財務永續與世代公平之探討
    Financial sustainability and intergenerational equity of public service pension fund
    作者: 張珮芬
    Chang, Pei Fen
    貢獻者: 黃泓智
    Huang, Hong Chih
    張珮芬
    Chang, Pei Fen
    關鍵詞: 退撫基金
    財務永續
    世代公平
    金錢價值比
    Public Service Pension Fund
    Financial sustainability
    Intergenerational equity
    Money’s worth ratio
    日期: 2017
    上傳時間: 2017-08-10 09:49:12 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 隨著退休人口不斷的增加，加以政府的財政困難，各國無不加速年金改革的腳步，希望能建立一個財務永續、世代公平，且滿足社會保障需求的年金制度。臺灣的退休金制度長期以來處於提撥率遠低於精算平衡費率的狀態，加上不斷增長的潛藏負債，使得退休金制度將面臨破產的考驗。本研究針對公教人員退撫基金進行財務分析探討，發現對目前正在繳納的年輕世代，若不積極採取適當的年金改革方案，終將成為了繳多卻領少，或甚至領不到的一群人，未來可能缺乏老年經濟安全的保障，造成世代不均，形成嚴重的社會問題。
    理想的退休金制度應該同時兼顧老有所養的目的與世代的公平，倘若不斷降低給付支出以達到財務平衡，對於民眾的老年經濟卻造成嚴重的威脅，也不是恰當的方案。研究結果顯示，改革的幅度若是太小，年輕世代(30歲)退休金的金錢價值比約為1；而年長世代(60歲)則約為2.5。而若是將改革的幅度提高，則年輕世代金錢價值比為1.05；而年長世代則約為2.4，均得出確實存在世代公平性的問題。因此，將年輕世代的退休金制度漸進地轉換成確定提撥制(DC)或許是更為理想的改革方式；而採用確定給付制的人，透過政府挹注、減少相當的給付或持續提撥保費，讓世代間透過包容、互助的精神，使得年金改革的路程能夠更正確更為有效，促成社會祥和，才能讓臺灣的年金制度永久的走下去。
    Because of the increased retirement population and the government`s financial difficulties, all countries will accelerate the pace of annuity reform. Hoping to establish a financial sustainability, fair pension system and meet the social security needs of the annuity system. In this study, we discuss the financial analysis of the public Service Pension Fund and find that the young generation will become a group of people who receive less pensions. If we do not take the appropriate annuity reform plan, the pension fund will not provide economic security in the old age.
    The ideal pension plan should have the function of taking care the elderly and the intergenerational equity. If we continue to reduce the pension payment in order to achieve financial balance, the elderly economy will be threated seriously. It’s not a good and appropriate reform. The research results show that if the magnitude of the reform is too small, the money’s worth ratio of the young generation (30 years) pension is about 1; and the older generation (60 years) is about 2.5. And if the magnitude of reform is increased, the money’s worth ratio of the young generation is 1.05; and the older generation is about 2.4. All have the problem of the intergenerational equity. Thus, the pension plan of young generation changes into the defined contribution plan slowly. It may be a more ideal reform. And the people who use defined benefit plan have to reduce the payments, continue to pay premium into pension fund and the government provides the subsidies. So that the generations through the spirit of mutual assistance, it will make the journey of annuity reform can be more effective.
    參考文獻: Brown, Jeffrey R., 2000, Differential Mortality and the Value of Individual Account Retirement Annuities, Combridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Reserch, Working paper #7560.
    Generations United (1992). The common stake: The interdependence of generations: A policy framework for an aging society. Washington, DC: Generations United.
    Guillemard, A. M. (1999). Equity and redistribution between generations: A challenge for the future of pensions and all social protection schemes. International Social Security Review, 53(3), 69-92.
    James, Estelle and Dimitri Vittas,1999,Annuities Market in Comparative Perspective: Do Consumers Get Their Money’s Worth?, World Bank.
    Mitchell, Olivis S., James M. Poterba and J. Warshawsky,2000, New Evidence on the Money’s Worth of Individual Annuities, Combridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Reserch, Working paper #6002.
    Pianese,A.,Attias,A., & Varga, Z.(2014),Dynamic immigration control improving inverse old-age dependency ratio in a pay-as-you-go pension system. Decision Support Systems,64,109-117.
    Wisensale, S. K. (2004). Population aging and the emerging intergenerational equity debate in europe: Creating a framework for analysis. Paper presented at the conference of Social Policy as if People Mattered,. New York: Adelphi University.


    范麗娟(2010)，「符合公平正義之福利經費規劃：以台灣兒少與老人福利支出為例」，國家與社會，9，33-65。
    柯木興(2011)，「從世代公平性談年金財務的影響」，國政分析，國家政策宜研究基金會。
    莊正中(2012)，「美國世代公平的爭議與改革：以OASDI方案為例」，東吳社會工作學報，24，117-150。
    張勝忠(2002)，「台灣退休金制度與年金保險之金錢價值與所得替代率探討」，政治大學風險管理與保險研究所碩士論文。
    魏吉漳，2016，「公務人員退休撫卹基金第六次精算評估報告書」。公務人員退休撫卹基金管理委員會。
    魏吉漳，2017，「公務人員退休制度調整成本分析財務評估報告」。銓敘部。
    銓敘部，2017，「公務人員退休撫卹法草案」，檢自：http://www.mocs.gov.tw/
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    風險管理與保險學系
    100358009
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1003580091
    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[風險管理與保險學系] 學位論文

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