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    题名: 國內規章：必要性測試的困境與解決
    Necessity test in domestic regulation: challenges and solutions
    作者: 李宜芳
    Lee, Yi-Fang
    贡献者: 楊光華
    李宜芳
    Lee, Yi-Fang
    关键词: 服務貿易
    服務貿易障礙
    國內規章
    必要性測試
    Service trade
    Trade barrier in service sector
    Domestic regulation
    Necessity test
    日期: 2017
    上传时间: 2017-03-01 17:02:46 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 服務貿易的管制密集，因此管制也最有可能形成主要的貿易障礙，然而服務貿易總協定第6條第4項國內規章準則的談判卻幾近停滯。本文探究其中原因，著眼於管制、國內規章準則的共同點皆在於「管制」，而好的管制必然植基於成本效益評估，因此必要性測試即成為國內規章準則的核心。必要性測試的核心為管制目的、成本效益評估，本文觀察必要性測試的談判歷程，認為必要性測試的談判實不應透過管制目的的限縮，而應著重於成本效益的衡量，因此著重於成本效益評估要件的設計方有可能於必要性測試的議題取得突破。
    As service sector is heavily regulated, domestic regulation might become the major trade barrier. However, the negotiation under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) article 6.4 is almost stalled. The paper aims at analyzing the challenges in the negotiation. Focusing on the common nature of “governance” between domestic regulation and trade governance in GATS article 6.4, the paper argues that good governance must be based on impact analysis, which makes necessity test the core of GATS article 6.4 negotiation. The paper examines the negotiation history of necessity test, and argues that the focus of negotiation should be the necessity analysis, rather than the scope of objectives in necessity test. The solution of the negotiation challenge is therefore focusing on the elements of necessity analysis, particularly the trade restrictiveness.
    參考文獻: 參考文獻
    一、 專書
    1. DELIMATSIS, PANAGIOTIS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES AND DOMESTIC REGULATIONS: NECESSITY, TRANSPARENCY, AND REGULATORY DIVERSITY (1st ed., 2009).
    2. KRAJEWSKI, MARKUS, NATIONAL REGULATION AND TRADE LIBERALIZATION IN SERVICES (1st ed. 2003)
    二、 專書論文
    1. Lim, Aik Hoe & de Meester, Bart, An Introduction to Domestic Regulation and GATS, in WTO DOMESTIC REGULATION AND SERVICE TRADE (Aik Hoe Lim & Bart de Meester eds., 2014).
    2. Renda, Andrea, Regulatory Impact Assessment and Regulatory Policy, in REGULATORY POLICY IN PERSPECTIVE - A READER`S COMPANION TO THE OECD REGULATORY POLICY OUTLOOK 2015 (OECD eds., 2015)
    三、 期刊文獻
    1. 張新平，WTO服務貿易國內規章有關問題之探討，政大法學評論，112期。
    2. Crozet, Matthieu, Milet, Emmanuel & Mirza, Daniel, The Impact of Domestic Regulations on International Trade in Services: Evidence from Firm-Level Data, 44 J. COMP. ECON. 585 (2016).
    3. Delimatsis, Panagiotis, Due Process and `Good` Regulation Embedded in the GATS —Disciplining Regulatory Behavior in Service Through Article VI of the GATS, 10 J. INT`L ECON. L. 13 (2006).
    4. Kox, Henk & Nordås, Hildegunn K., Services Trade and Domestic Regulation, 49 OECD TRADE POLICY PAPERS 1 (2007).
    四、 談判會議記錄與相關文件
    1. WTO, Council for Trade in Services, Decision on Disciplines Relating to the Accountancy Sector, S/L/63 (Dec. 15, 1998).
    2. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Report on the Meeting Hold on 14 July 1999 , S/WPDR/M/2 (Sept. 2, 1999).
    3. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Report on the Meeting Hold on 12 July 2000, S/WPDR/M/7 (Sept. 19, 2000).
    4. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Communication from Korea, S/WPDR/W/9 (Sept. 28, 2000).
    5. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Report on the Meeting Hold on 2 October 2000 (Annex: Summary of Informal Discussion on the Checklist of Issues for WPDR), S/WPDR/M/8 (Nov. 17, 2000).
    6. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Report on the Meeting Hold on 29 November 2000, S/WPDR/M/9 (Mar. 12, 2001).
    7. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Communication from Australia, S/WPDR/W/15 (May 3, 2001).
    8. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Report on the Meeting Hold on 20 March 2001, S/WPDR/M/10 (May 10, 2001).
    9. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Report on the Meeting Hold on 11 May 2001, S/WPDR/M/11 (June 7, 2001).
    10. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Report on the Meeting Hold on 3 July 2001, S/WPDR/M/12 (Aug. 16, 2001).
    11. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Communication from the European Communities and Their Member States, S/WPDR/W/14 (May 1, 2001).
    12. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Report on the Meeting Hold on 11 May 2001 (Annex: Informal Summary of Discussions on the Checklist of Issues for WPDR), S/WPDR/M/11 (June 7, 2001).
    13. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Report on the Meeting Hold on 12 March 2002, S/WPDR/M/15 (Apr. 10, 2002).
    14. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Report on the Meeting Hold on 15 May 2003, S/WPDR/M/21 (June 23, 2003).
    15. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Report on the Meeting Hold on 1 July 2003, S/WPDR/M/22 (Sept. 22, 2003).
    16. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Report on the Meeting Hold on 3 December 2003, S/WPDR/M/24 (Jan. 22, 2004).
    17. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Report on the Meeting Hold on 31 March 2004, S/WPDR/M/25 (May 18, 2004).
    18. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Report on the Meeting Hold on 18 February 2005, S/WPDR/M/29 (July 11, 2005).
    19. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Communication from Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Fiji, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mauritius, Mongolia, Nicaragua, Paraguay, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines and Trinidad and Tobago, JOB(06)/66 (Mar. 27, 2006).
    20. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Communication from the ACP Group, JOB(06)/136 (May 2, 2006).
    21. WTO, Communication from Australia; Chile; Colombia; Hong Kong, China; Korea; New Zealand and The Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Article VI:4 Disciplines – Proposal for Draft Text), JOB(06)/193 (Jun. 19, 2006).
    22. WTO, Summary of the Informal Meeting Held on 19 and 20 June 2006, JOB(06)/235 (Aug. 14, 2006).
    23. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Report on the Meeting Hold on 22 June 2005, S/WPDR/M/30 (Sept. 6, 2006).
    24. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation, Annual Report of the Working Party on Domestic Regulation to the Council for Trade in Services (2007), S/WPDR/10 (Nov. 13, 2007).
    25. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Report on the Meeting Hold on 1 April 2009, S/WPDR/M/40 (May 12, 2009).
    26. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Informal Meeting of 14 and 15 December 2009, RD/SERV/1 (Jan. 11, 2010).
    27. WTO, Disciplines on Domestic Regulation Pursuant to GATS Article VI:4 (2010 Annotated Text and Informal Note by the Chairperson), RD/SERV/10 (Mar. 14, 2010).
    28. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Informal Meeting of 2 February 2010, RD/SERV/11 (Mar. 22, 2010)
    29. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Communication from Brazil, Canada and the United States, S/WPDR/W/44 (Mar. 22, 2011).
    30. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Communication from Brazil, Canada and the United States, S/WPDR/W/44 (Mar. 22, 2011).
    31. WTO, Working Party on Domestic Regulation—Disciplines on Domestic Regulation Pursuant to GATS Article VI:4 (Chairman`s Progress Report), S/WPDR/W/45 (Apr. 14, 2011).
    五、 其他
    1. 司法院釋字476號解釋理由書
    2. Chao, Loretta & Efrati, Amir, China Renews Google`s License, Tech, THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, July 11, 2010, available at http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704075604575356552939507706 (last visited Dec. 22, 2016).
    3. Dakers, Marion, BP picks Deloitte for one of Britain`s most valuable audits, Business, THE TELEGRAPH, Nov. 15, 2016, available at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/11/15/bp-picks-deloitte-for-one-of-britains-most-valuable-audits/ (last visited Dec. 22, 2016).
    4. Drummond, David，關於谷歌中國的最新聲明，GOOGLE，2010年3月23日，網址：https://www.google.com/press/new-approach-to-china/update.html（最後瀏覽日：2016年12月22日）。
    5. Who we are and what we do, About us, IFRS, 2016, available at http://www.ifrs.org/About-us/Documents/Who-We-Are-English-2016.pdf (last visited Dec. 22, 2016).
    6. WTO Trade in Services Division, Disciplines on Domestic Regulation Pursuant to GATS Article (Background document), Service, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, June 2011, available at https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/serv_e/dom_reg_negs_bckgddoc_e.doc (last visited Dec. 22, 2016).
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    國際經營與貿易學系
    102351017
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102351017
    数据类型: thesis
    显示于类别:[國際經營與貿易學系 ] 學位論文

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