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Title:	是誰告訴人民政府表現如何？政府績效、公共資訊、與外電新聞的守門人之研究
Other Titles:	Who Tells People How a Government Is Doing? -- Government Performance, Public Information and Imported News “Gate Keepers”
Authors:	陳敦源;孫玟秀;呂季蓉 Chen, Don-Yun;Lu, Chi-Jung;Sun, Wen-Show
Contributors:	公行系
Keywords:	民主治理;政府績效;公共資訊;大眾傳播;守門人;新聞媒體 democratic governance;government performance;public information;mass communication;gate-keeper;news media
Date:	2014-01
Issue Date:	2008-11-28 11:28:46 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	[研究目的與動機] 民主政治能否發生作用，基於一個關鍵環節：「人民具有應用公共資訊判斷政府表現的能力」；這是一個公民能力（citizen competence）的議題。更是一個大眾傳播媒體的「議題設定」（agenda-setting）的問題，本研究從公共管理者民主治理的需要出發，試圖回答「是誰告訴人民政府表現如何？」的問題；作者以世界經濟論壇（The World Economic Forum, WEF）發表「全球競爭力報告」（global competitiveness report）的公共資訊傳播過程為例，討論這個由媒體等「守門人」（gate keepers）所串聯起來的過程，對民眾了解政府表現具有什麼影響？以及該影響對公共管理者的啟示為何？ [研究方法與資料] 本文以二○○三到二○○五年為研究年限，蒐集WEF發布全球競爭力報告的過程中，國內新聞媒體報導等三個階段的新聞文件分析為主、輔以訪談資料，回答下列問題：一，WEF年度競爭力評比資訊進入臺灣的路徑為何？有哪些新聞守門員？二，臺灣媒體如何獲得國家競爭力評比資訊？如何解讀之？三，政府單位在其中扮演什麼角色？是否能影響臺灣媒體解讀這類資訊？這種影響是有利還是有害於民主治理的運作？[結論與建議] 研究結論：首先，在WEF的個案中，主要的守門人是政府（不同部門、政黨）、媒體、與研究機構；再者，媒體對於WEF公佈指標的報導除了加入臺灣相關的資訊之外，並加入媒體的黨派立場；最後，由於民主憲政制衡與政黨競爭的關係，行政部門並沒有壟斷新聞報導內容的能力，這也是媒體自由化的結果。本文提出下面四點實務建議：一、公共管理者「媒體識讀」能力的需要，可以從了解新聞守門員在影響輿情的關鍵角色開始；二、多元社會與制衡制度中，政府機關更需要敏感與回應，才能維繫與形塑政府的形象與政策立場；三、公共管理者新聞價值的創造，可能面臨專業性與回應性的倫理衝突問題；四、網路（包括社會網絡媒體）的發達，非新聞專業的新聞守門員可能更多元，是公共行政下一波媒體識讀研究，應該注意的焦點。 The effectiveness of democratic governance depends on citizens’ ability to utilize public information to discern the performance of their government. The problem is not only related to citizen competence but also to the communicative capacity of the media in a democracy. In this research, we utilized WEF’s annual Global Competitiveness Report to reveal the process of international news communication to examine how various so-called new media “gate keepers” influence the outcome of news reports in the newsmaking process. Our research looks into three questions: 1, What is the path of WEF news being formed in Taiwan and who are the major “gate keepers”? 2, How do the local media aquire the WEF news and how do they reproduce it? 3, What role are governments playing in the process? Do their involvements alter the content of the news? Do their activities reinforce or undermine the democratic process in Taiwan? Results show that major gate-keepers are the government, media, and research institutes. Media will add information about Taiwan to the news and, at the same time, use their partisan preferences in reproducing the news. Government actors do not have the dominant role in the process but will always be at the center of the news. Practical suggestions from this study are: (1) Media literacy is one of the critical competences for contemporary public managers; (2) More sensitive and real-time media response is needed in government public relations efforts; (3) There might be an ethical dilemma when professionalism and responsiveness clash with each other; (4) The rise of the Internet and social media should be on the top of academic exploration into the area of media and public administration in the future.
Relation:	文官制度季刊,6(1),1-54
Data Type:	article
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Public Administration] Periodical Articles

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