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    Title: 菲律賓外交政策
    Authors: 懷靜如
    Contributors: 江炳倫
    懷靜如
    Date: 1984
    Issue Date: 2016-11-09 16:08:10 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 
    通常研究外交政策的著作多側重於大國如蘇聯、美國、日本、西歐各國等外交政策之探討。有關小國外交政策之中外書籍,坊間極不易一見。筆者採取以「菲律賓外交政策」為論文題目,主要是希望了解發展中國家外交政策和一般工業先進國家外交政策有何不同,想借對菲律賓自一九四六年以來迄今約四十年的外交政策之分析,俾對此問題獲得一初步的理解。
    簡單的說來,菲律賓自獨立以迄一九六○年代末期,可以說並無外交可言。原因是這段期間菲律賓深受美國的保護,在外交場合上幾乎可說是美國的附庸。一九七○年代以後,由於受到國際體系由二極趨於多極的影響,才深覺要擴展自己的外交政策,爭取更大的利益,因此,開始了與「另一世界」政府和人民交往。因而,菲律賓外交政策之擴散,乃是國家利益與國際環境配合下所做的決定。
    本論文是以菲律賓的立場和觀點來看問題,故凡牽涉到當時國際情勢或其他國家時,只做概略性介紹,俾能更清楚呈現菲律賓外交政策作成之面貌。但筆者才識淺薄,其力有未逮之處,尚祈讀者見諒。
    本論文共分四章十四節:
    第一章內環境因素。共分社會結構、民族主義、民主與政治穩定三節,說明內環境對外交政策之影響。
    第二章菲律賓與美國的親密關係。共分特殊關係的建立與演變、經濟利益、共同安全與軍事防衛、基地問題四節,說明自獨立以來,美菲關係的各種面向。
    第三章參與東南亞次體系活動。共分亞洲政策、對沙巴主權的要求、區域主義與區域組織三節,說明菲律賓對東南亞區域活動的想法與作法。
    第四章外交關係的擴大。共分在韓戰中的角色、在越戰中的角色、外交政策的轉向、回教徒叛亂與菲政府外交政策四節,說明菲律賓對上述問題的決定。
    第五章結論。對菲律賓外交政策做一總評。
    筆者在寫作過程中遭遇的困難與限制有二:其一為資料來源不足。討論東南亞問題者有之,討論菲律賓國內問題者有之,但專門討論外交政策者則少之又少,故筆者雖盡力搜集,但猶感不足;其二為就已有資料中要找出菲律賓官方外交政策作成之想法或立場並不容易,但筆者仍盡力而為。由於受資料所限,故只能揀選幾個關係重大的主題加以討論,是故,其中必有未盡完善周全之處。
    本論文之結構及論點應歸功於江炳倫老師的啟發,文字並承細心斧正。國際關係研究中心陳鴻瑜副教授曾多次幫筆者代借書籍,並賜教良多。我國駐太平洋經濟文化中心許懷聰先生給予筆者許多觀念上的提示。在求學期間,陳教務長治世、楊所長逢泰、朱老師建民、張老師京育、王老師人傑和許老師秀賢等諸位老師之培植與教誨,使筆者獲益良多。筆者在論文寫作過程中承蒙師長、家人、和朋友之勉勵與督促,才能順利完成,不勝感激,在此一併致謝。最後,願以「學術領域永無止境」以砥勵來玆。是為序。
    懷靜如誌於政大
    一九八四年五月三十一日
    序 壹
    第一章 內環境因素1
    第一節 社會結構2
    第二節 民族主義7
    第三節 民主與政治穩定19
    第二章 菲律賓與美國的親密關係33
    第一節 特殊關係的建立與演變33
    第二節 經濟利益41
    第三節 共同安全與軍事防衛60
    第四節 基地問題70
    第三章 參與東南亞次體系活動93
    第一節 亞洲政策93
    第二節 對沙巴 ( Sabah )主權的要求99
    第三節 區域主義與區域組織106
    第四章 外交關係的擴大123
    第一節 在韓戰中的角色123
    第二節 在越戰中的角色127
    第三節 外交政策的轉向―擺脫美國並與共產國家建交137
    第四節 回教徒叛亂與菲政府外交政策149
    第五章 結論163
    參考書目175

    表目錄
    表一 ― 一:日本應付給菲律賓賠償額14
    表一 ― 二:日本的賠償額(一九五七年 ━ 六二年)15
    表一 ― 三:菲律賓對日貿易16
    表二 ― 一:菲律賓國會議員對影響美菲關係法案投票38
    表二 ― 二:菲律賓貿易(一九六六年 ━ 八二年)50
    表二 ― 三:美國對菲律賓的援助54
    表二 ― 四:國際組織對菲律賓的援助56
    表二 ― 五:美國對菲律賓經濟援助圖示58
    表二 ― 六:美國對菲律賓軍事援助圖示69
    表二 ― 七:在菲律賓美國主要的軍事設備74
    表二 ― 八:南中國海衝突的範圍79
    表三 ― 一:沙巴地圖100
    表三 ― 二:東南亞新興國家獨立及加入聯合國時間表109
    表四 ― 一:菲律賓人對二個問題的看法(一九六五年五月 ━ 六月)127
    表四 ― 二:具有影響力的回答者對於菲律賓參與越南問題的意見(一九六九年 ━ 七○年)130
    表四 ― 三:Roper 民意測驗(一九六五年)132
    表五 ― 一:緊密/部份連鎖171
    表五 ― 二:適度/全球連鎖172
    Reference: 一、中文部分
    甲、一般著作
    1.江炳倫,「政治學論叢」,台北:作者自印,民國六十二年三月再版。
    2.朱鶴賓,「東南亞新興國家」(中冊),台北:中央文物供應社,民國四十六年十二月再版。
    3.朱鶴賓,「東南亞各國政府及政治」,台北:中央文物供應社,民國五十年九月出版。
    4.朱建民,「國際組織新論」,台北:正中書局,民國六十七年一月台修一版。
    5.朱建民譯,「一九八○年代東南亞」,台北:商務印書館,民國七十年二月初版。
    6.呂亞力,「政治發展與民主」,台北:五南圖書公司,民國六十八年十月初版。
    7.陳鴻瑜博士論文,「菲律賓的政治發展」,台北:政治大學政治研究所,民國六十七年五月。
    8.陳烈甫,「菲律賓對外關係」,台北:正中書局,民國六十六年七月台二版。
    9.張潤書,「行政學」,台北:三民書局,民國六十五年五月初版。
    10.張劍華,「東南亞的變局」,台北:正中書局,民國六十八年二月台初版。
    11.蔡景福(亞薇),「中菲問題叢談」,台北:展望雜誌社,民國七十二年十月初版。
    12.黎世芬,「東南亞國家的戰略角色」,台北:自由中國之聲社,民國六十九年六月再版。
    13.歐陽瑞雄,「東南亞國家協會之研究」,台北:黎明文化公司,民國七十年七月初版。
    乙、期刊
    1.呂亞力,「亞非新興開發中國家政治領導的研究」,政治學報第六期,台北:中國政治學會,民國六十六年十二月出版。
    2.李文政,「菲律賓與阿拉伯回教世界之關係」,問題與研究第二十二卷第五期,台北:政治大學國際關係研究中心,民國七十二年二月十日出版。
    3.陳鴻瑜,「菲律賓與美國關係的新展望」,問題與研究第二十二卷第二期,台北:政治大學國際關係研究中心,民國七十一年十一月十日出版。
    4.陳烈甫,「菲律賓外交政策在搖擺中」,東方雜誌復刊第六卷第六期,民國六十二年十二月。
    5.張隆義,「日本與東南亞的關係」,問題與研究第二十二卷第五期,台北:政治大學國際關係研究中心,民國七十二年二月十日出版。
    6.區鉅龍譯,「強國與小國在東南亞的安全關係」,問題與研究第二十三卷第三期,台北:政治大學國際關係研究中心,民國七十二年十二月十日出版。
    丙、報紙
    1.南洋商報
    2.聯合報
    二、英文部份
    甲、General Reference Books
    1. Abaya, Hernando J. The Untold Philippine Story. Manila: Malay Books, 1967.
    2. Abueva, Jose V., and Guzman, Raul P. de. Foundations and Dynamics of Filipino Government and Politics. Manila: Bookmark, 1969.
    3.Agoncillo, Teodoro A. ,and Guerreno, Milagros C. History of the Filipino People. 5th ed. Quezon City: R. P. Garcia Publishing Co., 1983.
    4. Brecher, Michael. The New State of Asia. London: Oxford University Press, 1963.
    5. Buss, Claude A. The United States and the Philippines. Washington, D.C. : American Enterprise Institute for Public Research, 1977.
    6. Center for Strategic and International Studies. US-Philippine Economic Relations. Washington, D.C. : Georgetown University, 1971.
    7. Chawla, Sudershan, Gurtov, Melvin, and Marsot, Alain-Gerard. Southeast Asia Under the New Balance of Power. New York : Praeger, 1974.
    8. Collert, Evelyn. Southeast Asia in International Politics : 1941-1956. Ithaca, New York : Cornell University Press, 1977.
    9. Corpuz, Onofre D. The Philippines. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey Prentice-Hall; 1965.
    10. Emerson, Rupert. Representative Government in Southeast Asia. Cambridge, Massachusetts : Withrop, 1955.
    11. Fifield, Russell H. The Diplomacy of Southeast Asia: 1945-1958. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1958.
    12. Fitzgerald, C. P. China and Southeast Asia since 1945. Australia: Longman, 1973.
    13. Golay, Frank H. (ed.) The United States and the Philippines. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey : Prentice-Hall, 1966.
    14. Gordon, Bernard K. The Dimensions of Conflict in Southeast Asia. New Jersey Prentice-Hall, 1966.
    15. __________ .Toward Disengagement in Asia. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey Prentice-Hall, 1968.
    16. The Government of the Philippines. Philippine Claim to North Borneo. Manila : Bureau of Printing, 1963.
    17. Garel, Grunder, and Livezey, William. The Philippines and the United States. Norman : University of Oklahoma Press, 1951.
    18. International Monetary Fund, IBRD . Direction of Trade.
    19. Jenkins, Shirley. American Economic Policy toward the Philippines. Standford : Standford University Press, 1954.
    20. Kahin, George Mcturnan. Governments and Politics of Southeast Asia. 2d. ed. Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 1964.
    21. Kanet, Roger E. The Soviet Union and the Developing Nations. Baltimore, Maryland :The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974.
    22. Leifer, Michael. The Foreign Relations of the New States. Australia: Longman, 1974.
    23. Liddle, R. William. Ethnicity, Party and National Intergration. New Haven :Yale University Press, 1970.
    24. Lightfoot, Keith. The Philippines. New York : Praeger, 1973.
    25. Lyon, Peter. War and Peace in Southeast Asia. London: Oxford University, 1969.
    26. Mahajani, Usha. Philippine Nationalism, External Challenge and Filipino Response, 1565-1946. St. Lucia University of Queensland Press, 1971.
    27. Malcolm, George A. American Colonial Careerist. Boston : Christopher, 1957.
    28. Meyer, M. W. A Diplomatic History of the Philippine Republic. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1965.
    29. Morrison, Charles E., and Suhrke, Astri. Strategies of Survival: The Foreign Policy Dilemas of Small Asian States. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1978.
    30. The Philippine-American Relationship: Sixth Annual Seminar for Student Leaders. Manila : United States Information Service,年代不詳。
    31. Pringle, Robert. Indonesia and the Philippines. New York : Colombia University Press, 1980.
    32. Pye, Lucian W. Southeast Asia’s Political System. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey Prentice-Hall, 1967.
    33. Quirino, Carlos. Magsaysay of the Philippines. Manila: Carmelo & Bauermana, 1964.
    34. Rosen, Steven J., and Jones, Walter S. The Logic of International Relations. 3d. ed. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Winthrop Publishers Inc., 1980.
    35. Rosinger, Lawrence K., and Associates. The State of Asia. New York :Alfred Knopf, 1951.
    36. Rostow, Wait. The United States in the World Arena. New York: Harper & Row, 1960.
    37. Royal Institute of International Affairs. Survey of International Affairs: 1963. Oxford : Oxford University, 1977.
    38. Russett, Bruce M. International Regions and the International System : A Study in Political Ecology. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1967.
    39. Simon, Sheldon W. (ed.) The Military and Security in the Third World: Domestic and International Imspacts. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 1978.
    4o. ______________. The ASEAN States and Regional Security. California: Standford University, 1982.
    41. Smith, Robert Aura. Philippine Freedom, 1946-1958. New York: Columbia University Press, 1958.
    42. Suhrke, Astri, and Noble, Lela G. (eds.) Ethnic Conflict in International Relations. New York : Praeger, 1977.
    43. Taylor, George E. The Philippines and the United States: Problems of Partnership. New York: Praeger, 1964.
    44. Tompson, W. Scott. Unequal Partners. Lexington, Massachusetts: D. C Heath and Company, 1975.
    45. Vandenbosch, Army, and Butwell, Richard. The Changing Face of Southeast Asia. Lexington : University of kentucky Press, 1967.
    46. Wilcox. Wayne, and Rose, Leo E., Boyd, Gavin(eds.) Asia and International System. Cambridge, Massachusetts : Winthrop, 1972.
    47. Zaide, Gregorio F. Philippine Political and Cultural History. Manila Philippine Education Company, 1957.
    乙、Periodicals
    1. Abubakar, Asiri J. “ Muslim Philippines : With Reference to the Sulus, Muslim-Christian Contradictions, and the Mindanao Crisis,” Asian Studies, April 1973.
    2. Aquino, Belinda A. “ The Philippines Under Marcos, ” Current History, April 1982.
    3. Butwell, Richard. “The Philippines: Changing of the Guard, ” Asian Survey, January 1966.
    4. Cook, C. P. “ The Philippines-Closer Ties With Asian Neighbours, ” Eastern World, May/June 1967.
    5. Current Notes. August 1968.
    6. George, T. J. S. “The Philippines Under Martial Law: The Road Ahead, ” Pacific Community, July 1973.
    7. Henze, Laura Jeanne. “ US-Philippine Economic Relations and Trade Negotiations, ” Asian Survey, April 1976.
    8. Kroef, Justus M. van der. “ The Philippines, Indonesia, and United States Aid, ” Current History, August 1957.
    9, __________________ . “ Communist Fronts in the Philippines, ” Problems of Communism, March / April 1967.
    10; _______________ . “ The Philippine Maoists, ” Orbis, Winter 1973.
    11. Lande, Carl H. “ Philippine Prospects After Martial Law, ” Foreign Affairs, Summer 1981.
    12. Leifer, Michael. “ Anglo-American differences over Malaysia, ” The World Today, April 1964.
    13. Lyon, Peter. “The foreign policy of the Philippines: continuity and change, ” The World Today, December 1964.
    14. ________ . “ Substitutes for SEATO ? ” International Journal, Winter 1968-9.
    15. Mackie, J. A. C. “ Indonesia: a background to `confrontation,’ ” The World Today, April 1964.
    16. Magsaysay, Ramon. “ Roots of Philippine Policy, ” Foreign Affairs, Spring 1956.
    17. Magsaysay’s Reord. “ Presidential Policy in the Philippines,” The World Today, December 1956.
    18. Meadows, Martin. “ Philippine Political Parties and the 1961 Elections,” Pacific Affairs, Fall 1962.
    19. __________. “ Recent Development in Philippine-American Relations: A Case study in Emergent Nationalism, ” Asian Survey, June 1965.
    20. Mejul, Cesar Adib. “ The Role of Islam in the History of the Filipino People, ” Asian Survey, August 1966.
    21. No Author. “ Indonesia in 1963: The Year of Wasted Opportunities, ” Asian Survey, February 1964.
    22. ________ . “The Philippines’ Role in Asian Strategy, ” Conflict Studies, September 1980.
    23. Noble, Lela G. “ The National Interest and National Image :Philippine Policy in Asia, ” Asian Survey, June 1973.
    24. __________ . “The Moro National Liberation Front in the Philippines, ” Pacific Affairs, Fall 1976.
    25. __________ . “ Muslim Seperation in the Philippines, 1972-1981 : The Making of A Stalemate, ” Asian Survey, November 1981.
    26. Pacho, Arturo G. “ Ethnic Minority Attitudes and Philippine-Chinese Diplomatic Relations, ” Asia Quarterly, January 1980.
    27. Pomeroy, William J. “ united states military bases in the philippines,” Eastern World, February 1965.
    28. Robertson, Walter S. “ The United States Looks at South and Southeast Asia, ” The Department of Sate Bulletin, August 22,1955.
    29. Scott, James C. “ Patron-Client Politics and Political Change in Southeast Asia, ” American Political Science Review, March 1972.
    30. Sison, Jose Ma. “ prospects for MAPHILINDO, ” Easten World, June 1964.
    31. Solidum, Estrella D. “ Philippine Perceptions of Crucial Issues Affecting Southeast Asia, ” Asian Survey, June 1982.
    32. Starner, Frances L. “Malaysia and North Borneo Territories, ” Asian Survey, November 1963.
    33. Suhrke, Astri. “ US-Philippines : the end of a special relationship,” The World Today, February 1975.
    34. “ Text of text Resolution on Defence of Fromosa, ” The Department of State Bulletin, February 7,1955.
    35. Tilman, Robert O. “The Philippines Under Martial Law, ” Current History, December 1976.
    36. Tompson, W. Scott. “ America Renegotiations With the Philippines, ” Pacific Community, July 1971.
    37. Tregonning, K. G. “ The Claim for North Borneo by the Philippines, ” Australian Outlook, December 1962.
    38. Vellut, J.C. “ Japanese Reparations to the Philippines, ” Asian Survey, October 1963.
    39. Wurfel, David. “ The Philippine Elections : Support for Democracy, ” Asian Survey, May 1962.
    40. ___________. “ Martial Law in the Philippines: The Methods of Regime Survival,” Pacific Affairs, Spring 1977.
    41. Young, Kenneth T. “ The United States and Southeast Asia, ” The Department of State Bulletin, November 21,1955.
    42. Youngblood, Robert L. “ Philippine-American Relations Under the `New Society` , ” Pacific Affairs, Spring 1977.
    43. Youngblood, Robert O. “ The Philippines in 1982: Marcos Gets Tough With Domestic Critics, ” Asian Survey, February 1983.
    丙、Newspapers
    1. New York Times.
    2. U.S. News and World Report.
    3. Philippine Free Press.
    4. The Straits Times.
    5. Agence France Presse ( Hong Kong ).
    6. Christian Science Monitor.
    7. South China Morning Post.
    Relation: 國立政治大學
    外交研究所
    碩士
    72
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Diplomacy] Theses

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