政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/100832

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Title:	中俄戰略夥伴關係對亞太安全的衝擊
Authors:	席代麟
Date:	2005-03
Issue Date:	2016-08-30 14:16:05 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	自從蘇聯與東歐的共產政權在九十年代初期相繼瓦解之後，世界格局漸漸形成了一個以美國、歐盟、日本、俄羅斯以及中國所組成的「一超多強」的格局。美國是超強，歐盟與日本則分別扮演美國在歐洲箝制俄羅斯，在亞洲箝制中國的盟友。五大國之間的交錯互動，形成當前國際政治上最根本的動因。中國與俄羅斯戰略關係的發展，起源於1950年代的「中蘇友好同盟互助條約」。蘇聯解體之後，中蘇共同面對後冷戰階段「一超多強」的世界格局。中國開始與周邊國家建構睦鄰友好的協作關係，與俄羅斯發展的「戰略夥伴協作關係」也逐漸強化。後冷戰時期國際與區域局勢產生了顯著的變化，主導冷戰時期東西方陣營對抗的意識形態，其影響力日漸消退；資本主義的全球化擴展結果，造成國際經貿秩序的重組。單一主權國家面對全球化的浪潮，必須揚棄傳統依賴軍事力量來鞏固國家安全的思維，轉而尋求區域間國家的合作，以合作來代替對抗，以合作來鞏固安全。中俄睦鄰友好合作條約，便是在上述氛圍之下的產物，其所闡述與追求的平等合作關係，不結盟合作關係與綜合性的安全合作，正是後冷戰時期中俄兩國對國際與區域主張的具體而微。亞太地區在後冷戰時間產生急遽的政經變化，無論是區域快速的經濟發展，北朝鮮核武問題或是台海問題，在在考驗相關國家領導人的智慧。而在2001年的911事件之後，「反恐」更成為最重要的國際與區域安全議題。弔詭的是，中國與俄羅斯在睦鄰友好合作條約的基礎上所建構的戰略夥伴關係，是否一方面強化了雙方的國家安全，另一方面卻又造成區域的不安？還是兩國之間只是選擇性的合作，譬如以土地來換取經貿與能源的合作。而在反恐議題的合作上，是否能使亞太地區更為安全？還是反將中國或俄羅斯進一步推向美國所要追求的「國家安全」。中國與俄羅斯必須深刻體會「反霸」的真義，在強化雙方戰略夥伴與友好合作關係的同時，不要招致亞太地區其他國家的疑懼，也不應妄圖去追求成為「超強」（superpower），畢竟成為一個被尊敬的大國（the Respected Big），遠比成為一個寂寞的超強（a lonely Superpower），更有助於亞太區域的安全。 Since the Communism was dissolved in the USSR and East Europe one after another in the early 1990s, the world has gradually emerged in the one superpower and multiple powers in the in the layout of the United States, EU, Japan, Russia and China. Needlessly to say, the United States is the superpower. EU and Japan have been the American affiliates to curb Russia in Europe and to curb China in Asia. The complicated interactions among those five countries have formed the very fundamental momentum of the interpretation politics today. The strategic development between China and Russia started in the “Sino-Russian Alliance Friendly Pact” executed in the 1950s. As the USSR got dissolved, both China and Russia face up to the one superpower and multiple powers layout. China has tried to build friendly ties with the peripheral neighbors and, gradually, beefed up the “strategic partnership” with Russia as well. In the post-cold-war period, the international and regional situations have developed significant changes. The confrontation between the Eastern and Western fronts is more and more passing into oblivion. The globalized expansion of capitalism has resulted in restructured shape of international economy and trade. The sovereignty of any unitary nation, when faced with the globalized fever, must renounce the thoughts of using armed forces to solidify national security toward teamwork of regions. Cooperation instead of confrontation. Using cooperation as a means to solidify security. The “Sino-Russian Alliance Friendly Pact” just came into being amidst the aforementioned atmosphere. The equal teamwork, non-alliance cooperation and comprehensive cooperation simply reflect the advocacy of both China and Russia toward international and regional security. In the post-cold-war period, the Asia-Pacific region has developed rapid political and economic changes, notably the rapid regional economic growth, the nuclear problem of North Korea as well as the Taiwan Strait issues which virtually challenge leaders of those nations about their intelligence. Since the “September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack” took place, “anti-terrorists” have become key issues in international and regional security. Trickily enough, does the strategic partnership created under the “Sino-Russian Alliance Friendly Pact” strengthen the security of the both countries on the other hand and trigger regional unrest on the other? Or do the two countries simply choose selective cooperation—e.g., they strive for cooperation in economy, trade and energy by means of land? In their teamwork of anti-terrorism, do they better secure the Asia-Pacific region? Or do they push China or Russia toward the “national security” pursued by the United States? Both China and Russia must profoundly perceive the truth essence of “anti-hegemony”. As they are strengthening the strategic partnership and friendly teamwork, they must not incur fear from other nations in the Asia-Pacific, nor shall they strive for superpower. After all, the efforts to become a Respected Big are more conducive to the Asia-Pacific security than the efforts toward a lonely Superpower.
Relation:	俄羅斯學報, 4, 1-28 Journal of Russian studies Vestnik instituta rossii
Data Type:	article
Appears in Collections:	[Journal of Russian Studies = Vestnik instituta rossii] Journal Articles

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