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    Title: 19世紀英格蘭公學校跑步運動的發展
    The Development of Running and the Great Public Schools in 19th Century England
    Authors: 程奕嘉
    Cheng, I Chia
    Contributors: 林美香
    程奕嘉
    Cheng, I Chia
    Keywords: 跑步運動
    公學校
    現代運動
    業餘精神
    英格蘭
    Running
    The Great Public Schools
    Modern Sports
    Amateurism
    England
    Date: 2016
    Issue Date: 2016-08-03 09:45:19 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 19世紀英格蘭社會，對於運動史研究來說是很重要的時期。本研究將從19世紀的英格蘭談起，藉由公學校在運動發展中的影響力，來討論與理解跑步運動在19世紀公學校內的發展脈絡以及現代化的過程為何？19世紀在有能力就讀公學校，還有劍橋、牛津大學等中上階級們的影響之下，促使了「現代運動」的形成。同時，這些在運動發展上握有權力的中上階級們，在運動發展的過程中，塑造出了「業餘精神」，藉此來強調運動的高尚和階級的優越性。本文將從19世紀初期討論到西元1908年倫敦奧運。從公學校早期具有娛樂和暴力性質的跑步運動談起，在19世紀中歷經校長改革和學生們投入後，跑步運動中娛樂與暴力性質越來越少，加入更多工業革命發展下所帶來的現代元素。19世紀後半葉，公學校內跑步運動發展逐漸成熟，討論規則制定的情況漸少，描述比賽舉辦情況漸多。在公學校外，許多田徑俱樂部和越野賽跑俱樂部在公學校或是大學校友們的支持下成立。1880年業餘田徑協會成立，統一各地俱樂部和規則紛亂的局面，負責掌管英格蘭地區有關田徑運動的一切事宜，這也是公學校內討論跑步運動規則情況減少的原因。1908年倫敦在畢業於公學校校友的牽線下舉辦奧運，並與美國在跑步賽場上因為「業餘精神」和規則發生了些紛爭。至此，我們可以看出19世紀英格蘭公學校跑步運動的發展狀況，以及了解公學校跑步運動發展與現代運動出現間，部份的互動關係和影響。
    The nineteenth cenry is an essential age for Sport history, especially in England. This research attempts to comprehend the revolutionary transformation of British sporting culture by studying running. During the Victorian era, running, as a sport category, includes hare and hounds, cross-country running, handicap, steeplechase and track events which is a little bit different from the modern Athletics. The research focuses on the public schools’ students, their relationship with athleticism, running sport and the society in the nineteenth-century England.
    As its main concern is the role of the public schools played in the the transformation of British sporting culture, the dissertation begins with the education system of the public schools and the running in the old times . Then, it turns to the transformation of athleticism and the renovation of running in the public schools by discussing what, why and how it happened? The third chapter moves to the modern running games held in the public schools, and the interaction between the public schools and the amateur clubs. The Amateur Athletic Association, established in 1880, played an important role in the history of running sports and had significant effects on Amateurism. Finally, the dissertation concludes with the 1908 London Summer Olympic to see the spread of public schools’ amateurism.
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    六、 網路資源
    1. "The Olympic Summer Games Factsheet," International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 5 August 2012. http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Reference_documents_Factsheets/The_Olympic_Summer_Games.pdf 擷取時間：2016年4月21日。
    2. “Declaration of Sports”, October 18, 1633. See Hist. of Engl. vii. 318-324.
    http://www.constitution.org/eng/conpur017.htm 擷取時間：2015年4月20日。
    3. 〈退燒的跑步運動──台灣賽事統計學〉
    http://www.don1don.com/archives/76235/%E9%80%80%E7%87%92%E7%9A%84%E8%B7%91%E6%AD%A5%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E2%94%80%E2%94%80%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E8%B3%BD%E4%BA%8B%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%AD%B8 擷取時間：105年6月11日。
    4. 〈馬拉松「蛋塔熱潮」退燒 有影嘸？〉
    http://www.sportsnote.com.tw/running/view_article.aspx/view_article.aspx?id=35945a34-a07b-4fe0-8e16-0cc430f7248b 擷取時間：105年2月1日。
    5. 「獨立特派員」「全民瘋路跑」攝《瘋路跑》《女力馬拉松》
    http://pnn.pts.org.tw/main/2014/02/13/%E3%80%90%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%BE%E5%93%A1%E3%80%91%E5%85%A8%E6%B0%91%E7%98%8B%E8%B7%AF%E8%B7%91/ 擷取時間：105年2月1日。
    6. 1908倫敦奧運參賽選手統計表。
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics 擷取時間：2016年4月22日。
    7. 杜蘭多•皮耶特里通過終點的瞬間(Dorando Pietri of Italy, on the verge of collapse, is helped across the finish line in the Marathon event of the Olympic Games in London, 24th July 1908. He was subsequently disqualified and the title was given to John Hayes of the USA)
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dorando_Pietri_1908.jpg 擷取時間；2016年5月29日。
    8. 溫德姆•豪斯威爾重賽日通過終點(Wyndham Halswelle in the final of the 400 metre race at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London)
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wyndham_Halswelle.jpg 擷取時間；2016年5月29日。
    9. “Sport”, Oxford English Dictionary.
    http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/187476?rskey=M6YOv0&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid.
    擷取時間：2014年5月1日。
    10. “Vitaï Lampada”(The Torch of Life)
    http://exhibits.lib.byu.edu/wwi/influences/vitai.html 擷取時間：2016年6月7日。
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    歷史學系
    102153003
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102153003
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of History] Theses

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