Reference: | 一、中文部分 王石番(1990)。《傳播內容分析法:理論與實證》。台北:幼獅文化。 王鼎銘(2005)。〈負面競選對 2002 年高雄市選情影響的探討〉,《東吳政治學報》,20: 83-114。 台視新聞(2002)。〈台灣政壇緋聞多 太太忙背書〉。取自http://memory.ncl.edu.tw/tm_cgi/hypage.cgi?HYPAGE=toolbox_vnews_detail.hpg&subject_name=臺灣新聞影音資料&dtd_id=8&project_id=news&xml_id=0000308063。 史安斌(2011)。〈情境式危機傳播理論與中國本土實踐的檢視:以四川大地震為例〉,《傳播與社會學刊》,15: 105-124。 史安斌(2013)。《危機傳播與新聞發布—理論、機制、實務》。北京:清華大學。 史美強、王光旭(2008)。〈台灣府際財政治理的競合關係: 一個網絡分析的實證研究〉,《公共行政學報》,28: 39-83。 朱沛淳(2005)。《候選人競選期間危機傳播策略之研究-以2005年彰化縣長選舉為例》,大葉大學人力資源暨公共關係學系。 自由時報(2014年1月19日)。〈柯文哲參選 自估讓藍多花200億〉,《自由時報》。取自http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/939084。 吳宜蓁(2001)。〈危機溝通策略與媒體效能之模式建構-關於腸病毒風暴的個案研究〉,《新聞學研究》,62: 1-34。 吳宜蓁(2005)。《危機傳播:公共關係與語藝觀點的理論與實踐》。台北:五南。 吳宜蓁(2014)。〈新媒體環境與危機傳播新視野--評介《危機傳播與新聞發布—理論, 機制, 實務》〉,《新聞學研究》,121: 203-208。 吳懋嫻(2013)。《Facebook企業粉絲頁之危機溝通效果:探討人性化語調、危機情境與危機回應策略之影響》。國立政治大學廣告研究所碩士論文。 林幼唯(2002)。《一個根本隱喻的組織文化分析:檢視台灣電視新聞台之組織文化》。國立交通大學傳播研究所碩士論文。 李郁青(1996)。《媒介議題設定的第二面向:候選人形象設定效果研究》。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。 李雅琳(2010)。《重大災難期間政府危機溝通策略之研究-以八八風災為例》。國立師範大學大眾傳播研究所碩士論文。 金溥聰(1997)。〈報紙的形象設定效果研究:以民國八十三年台北市市長選舉為例〉,《新聞學研究》,55: 203-223。 柯文哲(2015)。《柯P模式:柯文哲的SOP跟你想的不一樣》。台北:三采文化。 馮建三(2015年1月1日)。〈有了網路政治(還)沒有改變 從柯P說起〉。取自兩岸公評網,http://www.kpwan.com/news/viewNewsPost.do?id=1055。 秦慧珠(2014)。《1994~ 2012年臺北市長及總統副總統選舉臺北市政黨選票變化分析》。國立臺灣大學政治學研究所學位論文。 溫偉群、游梓翔(2010)。〈八八水災救災過程中馬團隊對外傳播的檢討與啟示〉,《選舉評論》,8: 1-18。 粘淑菁(2006)。《候選人競選期間危機傳播策略之研究-以2005年台北縣周錫瑋與台中市胡志強為例》大葉大學人力資源暨公共關係學系碩士在職專班碩士論文。 張育寧(2014年12月25日)。〈柯文哲網路競選策略大揭密:官網流程改版,成功募 3,000 萬競選經費〉,《BuzzOrange報橘》。取自http://buzzorange.com/2014/12/25/kps-internet-election-strategies-1/。上網日期:2016年1月10日。 廖唯超(2001)。《2000年總統大選候選人報紙競選廣告之形象塑造硏究》。國立政治大學政治研究所碩士論文。 陳芳儀(2007)。《政治人物的辯解類型—以總統陳水扁的形象修護策略為例》。世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。 陳憶寧(2001)。〈總統候選人攻擊性新聞報導與其支持度的關聯—以公元兩千年總統大選為例〉,《新聞學研究》,69: 113-140。 陳薇淳(2007)。《候選人競選期間危機傳播策略之研究-以2006年台北市郝龍斌為例》。大葉大學人力資源暨公共關係學系碩士論文。 陳藝強、陳嘉莉、陳振華(2014)。〈網絡公民媒體推動公民社會發展分析:台灣與香港的比較研究〉,《香港中文大學博群研究與調查計畫2013/2014(參考編號:R02-13)》。 黃振家、宗靜萍等譯(2007)。《大眾媒體研究導論》。台北:學富。(原作者:Wimmer & Dominick, 2006) 黃懿慧(1999)。〈公共關係理論學派之探討—90年代理論典範的競爭與辯論〉,《廣告學研究》,12: 1-37。 詹乃璇(2002)。《初探形象修復策略使用及口語表現之文化意涵—以黃義交緋聞案和柯林頓緋聞案為例》。國立政治大學廣告研究所碩士論文。 彭曉珍(2007)。《政府危機溝通策略之研究:比較扁、馬兩市府團隊》。國立交通大學傳播研究所碩士論文。 鄧安純(2010)。《國家領導人危機傳播策略之研究-以陳水扁總統和布希總統為例》。國立交通大學傳播研究所碩士論文。 姚惠忠、汪睿祥(2008)。〈選舉危機情境分類之探討〉,《選舉研究》,15(2): 67-90。 蕭羽潔(2009)。《政治人物之道歉類型與形象修護策略研究:以2009年台灣八八水災馬英九政府之表現為例》。輔仁大學大眾傳播學研究所碩士論文。 楊意菁(2015)。〈新科技脈絡下的新聞與公眾竟見:新聞記者的認知觀點〉,《資訊社會研究》,28: 105-141。 楊韶維(2013)。《政治性危機傳播:一項 SCCT 架構中的實驗研究》。國立臺灣大學國家發展研究所學位論文。 鄭宇君、陳百齡(2016)。〈探索線上公眾即時參與網絡化社運—以台灣318運動為例〉。《傳播研究與實踐》,6(1): 117-150。 鄭瑞城、羅文輝(1988)。《電視新聞消息來源人物之背景與呈現方式之研究》。行政院國科會專題研究報告。 劉蕙苓(1989)。《報紙消息來源人物之背景與被處理之方式之分析》。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。 羅玉潔、張錦華(2006)。〈人脈與新聞採集/ 從社會資本與組織衝突觀點檢視記者如何建立與消息來源之間的關係〉。《中華傳播學刊》,10: 195-231。 蘇蘅(1995)。〈消息來源與新聞價值--報紙如何報導許歷農退黨效應〉。《新聞學研究》, 50: 15-40。 劉怡靖、黃鈺棠、謝培音(2006)。〈政府形象修護策略分析-以游揆、謝揆任內桃園缺水事件為例〉,中華傳播學會年會。台北:台灣大學。 劉欣怡(2013)。《競選活動的新聞發布與媒體報導研究: 以 2012 年總統大選民進黨宇昌案為例》。世新大學公共關係暨廣告學系碩士論文。 謝育玫(2008)《競選危機情境、策略與效果之研究-以2008總統候選人馬英九為例》。大葉大學人力資源暨公共關係學系碩士論文。 蘋果日報(2014年4月13日)。〈《蘋果》民調:柯文哲跟連勝文你會投給誰?〉,《蘋果日報》。取自 http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/headline/20140415/35767359/ 蘋果日報(2014年11月10日)。〈【大選】競選收入破億 柯P:MG149一打捐款就暴增〉,《蘋果日報》。取自http://www.appledaily.com.tw/realtimenews/article/new/20141110/503552/。 二、英文部分 Altheide, D. L. (2004). Media logic and political communication. Political Communication, 21(3): 293–296. Altheide, D. L., & Snow, R. P. (1979). Media logic. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. American Institute for Political Communication. (1970). Anatomy of a crucial election. Washington, D. C.: American Institute for Political Communication. Ampofo, L., Collister, S., O’Loughlin, B., & Chadwick, A. (2013). Text Mining and Social Media: When Quantitative Meets Qualitative, and Software Meets Humans. New Political Communication Unit Working Paper. Atkins, P. (2010). Paul Atkins argues that high leverage was not the fundamental cause of the crisis. Transparency is key and market discipline the only real solution. Banker, 118, 8. Bennett, L.W., & Segerberg, A. (2012). The logic of connective action. Information, Communication & Society, 15(5): 739–768. Benoit, W. L. (1997). Image repair discourse and crisis communication. Public Relations Review, 23(2), 177-186. Benoit, W. L., & Hanczor, R. S. (1994). The Tonya Harding controversy: An analysis of image restoration strategies. Communication Quarterly, 42(4), 416-433. Benoit, W. L., & Brinson, S. L. (1999). Queen Elizabeth`s image repair discourse: Insensitive royal or compassionate queen? Public Relations Review, 25(2), 145-156. Benoit, W. L. (2006). President Bush`s image repair effort on Meet the Press: The complexities of defeasibility. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 34(3), 285-306. Bradford, J. L., & Garrett, D. E. (1995). The effectiveness of corporate communicative responses to accusations of unethical behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 14(11), 875-892. Barton, L. (2001). Crisis in organizations II. Cincinnati. OH: South-Western College Publishing. Boulding, Kenneth E. (1969). The Image. Knowledge in Life and Society, 7th edn. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. Bowes, J. E., & Strentz, H. (1978). Candidate images: Stereotyping and the 1976 debates. Communication yearbook, 2, 391-406. Broersma, M., & Graham, T. (2012). Social media as beat: Tweets as a news source during the 2010 British and Dutch elections. Journalism Practice, 6(3), 403-419. Bruns, A. (2008). Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and Beyond: From Production to Produsage. New York: Peter Lang. Bruns, A. (2005). Gatewatching: Collaborative online news production. New York, NY: Peter Lane. Cha, M., Haddadi, H., Benevenuto, F., & Gummadi, P. K. (2010). Measuring user influence in twitter: The million follower fallacy. ICWSM, 10, 10–17. Chiang, C. F., & Knight, B. (2011). Media Bias and Influence: Evidence from Newspaper Endorsements. Review of Economic Studies, 78: 795–820. Campell, A. (1966). Interpreting the presidential victory, in M. C. Cunnings Jr. (Ed.), The national election of 1964. Washington, D. C.: The Brookings Institution. Castells, M. (2000). Informationsåldern. Ekonomi, samhälle och kultur. Band 1. Nätverkssamhällets framväxt [The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture. Volume 1, The Rise of the Network Society]. 2nd ed. Göteborg: Daidalos. Castells, M. (2008). The new public sphere: Global civil society, communication networks, and global governance. ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 616(1): 78–93. CISION (2011). Social journalism 2011, Cision Europe, Frankfurt am Main. Coombs, W. T. (1995). Choosing the right words the development of guidelines for the selection of the “appropriate” crisis-response strategies. Management Communication Quarterly, 8(4), 447-476. Coombs, W. T. (1998). An analytic framework for crisis situations: Better responses from a better understanding of the situation. Journal of public relations research, 10(3), 177-191. Coombs, W. T. (1999). Ongoing crisis communication : Planning, managing, and responding. CA: Sage. Coombs, W. T. (2007). Protecting organization reputations during a crisis: The development and application of situational crisis communication theory. Corporate reputation review, 10(3), 163-176. Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (2011). The handbook of crisis communication (Vol. 22). Wiley-Blackwell. Coombs, W. T. (2012). Ongoing crisis communication : Planning, managing, and responding. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE. Chadwick, A. (2011). The political information cycle in a hybrid news system: The British prime minister and the “Bullygate” affair. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 16(1), 3-29. Chadwick, A. (2013). The hybrid media system: Politics and power. Oxford University Press. Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Towards clarification of a fractured paradigm. McQuail`s reader in mass communication theory, 390-397. Fairhurst, G. T., & Sarr, R. A. (1996). The art of framing: Managing the language of leadership (Vol. 50). Jossey-Bass. Fearn-Banks, K. (1996). The art of framing: Managing the language of leadership. Fearn-Banks, K. (2001). Crisis communications, 2001]: Crisis communications, a review of some best practices. Handbook of public relations, Thousand Oaks/London/New Delhi, 479-487. Gandy, O. H. (1982). Beyond agenda setting: Information subsidies and public policy. Ablex Publishing Corporation. Gans, H. J. (1979). Deciding what`s news: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek and Time. New York: Pantheon. Garthwaite, C., & Moore, T. J. (2013). Can celebrity endorsements affect political outcomes? Evidence from the 2008 US democratic presidential primary. Journal of law, economics, and organization, 29(2), 355-384. Glascock, J. (2000). The role of AT&T’s public relations campaign in press coverage of the 1982 breakup. Public Relations Review, 26(1), 67-83. Graber, D. A. (1972). Personal qualities in presidential images: The contribution of the press. Midwest Journal of Political Science, 46-76. Google (2014). 《Google 台灣公布 2014 年關鍵字搜尋排行榜》,取自 http://wbs.4event.tw/edm/0108/Google%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%85%AC%E5%B8%832014%E5%B9%B4%E9%97%9C%E9%8D%B5%E5%AD%97%E6%90%9C%E5%B0%8B%E6%8E%92%E8%A1%8C%E6%A6%9C.pdf。上網日期:2015年12月31日。 Guo, L. (2013). Toward the third level of agenda setting theory- A network setting model, in Johnson, T. J. (Ed.). Agenda Setting in a 2.0 World: New Agendas in Communication. Routledge. Hagen, L. M. (1993). Opportune witnesses: An analysis of balance in the selection of sources and arguments in the leading newspaper’ coverage of the census issue.European Journal of Communication, 8, 317-343. Hall, S. et al. (1978). Policing the crisis. London: MacMillan.Morello, John A. (2001). Selling the President, 1920. Westport, CT: Praeger. Heath, R. L., Palenchar, M. J., & O’Hair, H. D. (2009). Community building through risk communication infrastructures. Handbook of risk and crisis communication, 471-487. Hendrickson, E., & Wilkins, L. (2007, May). The Political is the Personal: Celebritizing Politicians in the 21st Century. In annual meeting of the International Communication Association. Huang, Y. H. (2006). Crisis situations, communication strategies, and media coverage a multicase study revisiting the communicative response model. Communication Research, 33(3), 180-205. Jungherr, A. (2014). The logic of political coverage on Twitter: Temporal dynamics and content. Journal of Communication, 64: 239–259. Lang, G. E., & Lang, K. (1981). Watergate: An exploration of the agenda-building process. Mass communication review yearbook, 2(447-468). Lerbinger, O. (1986). Managing corporate crises: Strategies for executives. Barrington Pr. Lippmann, W. (1922). The world outside and the pictures in our heads. Public opinion, 4, 1-22. Jin, Y., & Liu, B. F. (2010). The blog-mediated crisis communication model: Recommendations for responding to influential external blogs. Journal of Public Relations Research, 22(4), 429-455. Jin, Y., Liu, B. F., & Austin, L. L. (2011). Examining the role of social media in effective crisis management-The effects of crisis origin, information form, and source on publics’ crisis responses. Communication Research, 41(1). Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. biometrics, 159-174. Liu, B. F., Austin, L., & Jin, Y. (2011). How publics respond to crisis communication strategies: The interplay of information form and source. Public Relations Review, 37(4), 345-353. Kepplinger, H. M. (2002). Mediatization of politics: Theory and data. Journal of Communication, 52(4): 972–986. Kleinnijenhuis, J., Schultz, F., Utz, S., & Oegema, D. (2013). The mediating role of the news in the BP oil spill crisis 2010: How US news is influenced by public relations and in turn influences public awareness, foreign news, and the share price. Communication Research, 0093650213510940. Klinger, U., & Svensson, J. (2015). The emergence of network media logic in political communication: A theoretical approach. New Media & Society, 17(8), 1241-1257. Kieran, M. (1998). Media ethics. Psychology Press. Kiousis, S., & McCombs, M. (2004). Agenda-Setting effects and attitude strength political figures during the 1996 presidential election. Communication Research, 31(1), 36-57. Marra, F. J. (1998). The importance of communication in excellent crisis management. Meraz, S., & Papacharissi, Z. (2013). Networked Gatekeeping and Networked Framing on #Egypt, The International Journal of PressPolitics, 18 (2),138-166. McCombs, M.E., Lopez-Escobar, E., & Llamas, JP (2000). Setting the agenda of attributes in the 1996 Spanish general election. Journal of Communication, 50, 77–92. Neuendorf, K, A.(2002). The content analysis guidebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Nimmo, D. D., & Savage, R. L. (1976). Candidates and their images: Concepts, methods, and findings. Goodyear Publishing Company. Papacharissi, Z., & de Fatima Oliveira, M. (2012). Affective news and networked publics: The rhythms of news storytelling on# Egypt. Journal of Communication, 62(2), 266-282. Parmelee, J. H., & Bichard, S. L. (2012). Politics and the twitter revolution. Lanham, MD: Lexington. Schlesinger, P. (1990). Rethinking the sociology of journalism: Source strategies andthe limits of media-centrism. In M. Ferguson (Ed.), Public communication: The new imperatives (pp. 61-83). London: Sage Ltd. Schultz, F., Utz, S., & Göritz, A. (2011). Is the medium the message? Perceptions of and reactions to crisis communication via twitter, blogs and traditional media. Public relations review, 37(1), 20-27. Sellnow, T. L., Seeger, M. W., & Ulmer, R. R. (2011). Effective crisis communication: Moving from crisis to opportunity. Thousand Oaks: SAGE. Shabad, G., & Andersen, K. (1979). Candidate evaluations by men and women.Public Opinion Quarterly, 43(1), 18-35. Stromback, J., & Kiousis, S. (Eds.). (2011). Political public relations: principles and applications. Taylor & Francis. Strömbäck, J., & Esser, F. (2009). Shaping politics: Mediatization and media interventionism. In Lundby, K. (Ed.), Mediatization: Concept, Changes, Consequences. New York: Peter Lang, pp. 205–223. Terkildsen, N., & Schnell, F. (1997). How media frames move public opinion: An analysis of the women`s movement. Political research quarterly, 50(4), 879-900. Utz, S., Schultz, F., & Glocka, S. (2013). Crisis communication online: How medium, crisis type and emotions affected public reactions in the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. Public Relations Review, 39(1), 40–46. Ogrizek, M., & Guillery, J. M. (1999). Communicating in Crisis:[a Theoretical and Practical Guide to Crisis Mangement]. Transaction Publishers. Pearson, C. M., & Clair, J. A. (1998). Reframing crisis management. Academy of management review, 23(1), 59-76. Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. (2007). The Oprah Factor and Campaign 2008: Do Political Endorsements Matter? http://people-press.org/reports/ display.php3?ReportID=357 Popkin, Samuel L. (1991). The Reasoning Voter: Communication and Persuasion in Presidential Campaigns. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Quarantelli, E. L. (1988). Disaster crisis management: A summary of research findings. Journal of Management Studies, 25(4), 373‐84. Rheingold, H. (2012). Net smart: How to thrive online. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Romero, D. M., Galuba, W., Asur, S., & Huberman, B. A. (2011). Influence and passivity in social media. In Proceedings of 20th international conference on World wide web, Hyperabad, India (pp. 113–114). New York: ACM. van der Meer, T. G., & Verhoeven, P. (2013). Public framing organizational crisis situations: Social media versus news media. Public Relations Review, 39(3), 229-231. van der Meer, T. G., Verhoeven, P., Beentjes, H., & Vliegenthart, R. (2014). When frames align: The interplay between PR, news media, and the public in times of crisis. Public Relations Review, 40(5), 751-761. Van Dijk, J. (2006). The Network Society. 2nd ed. London: SAGE. Van Zoonen, L. (2003). Articulating Soap, Politics and Gender. Media and the Restyling of Politics: Consumerism, Celebrity and Cynicism, SAGE, 99-116. Wigley, S., & Fontenot, M. (2011). The Giffords shootings in Tucson: Exploring citizen-generated versus news media content in crisis management. Public Relations Review, 37(4), 337-344. Xenos, M. (2008). New mediated deliberation: Blog and press coverage of the Alito nomination. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13 (2), pp. 485–503. |