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    题名: 由「法律多元」論台灣婦女之繼承權
    其它题名: Women’s right to inheritance in Taiwan: a perspective of legal plurality
    作者: 蔡穎芳
    Tsai, Grace Ying-Fang
    关键词: 法律多元主義;繼承;女子繼承;拋棄繼承;父權;法律文化;訴訟文化;男女平等
    Legal Pluralism;Succession;Women’s Inheritance;Relinquishment of the Right to Inheritance;Patriarchy;Legal Culture;Litigation Culture;Gender Equality
    日期: 2010-08
    上传时间: 2016-05-20 14:19:04 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 台灣民法第一一三八條規範「本身」雖然在形式上符合憲法第七條的「男女平等」概念，但於法規範的實踐層面，在民事習慣法當中根深柢固的性別歧視觀念之強力運作下，婦女於繼承法的實踐方面，有被排除或是邊緣化的現象。\\r本文運用法院判決之文獻分析與法律專業人士深度訪談等研究方法，收集相關實證資料，進而透過編碼的方式，找尋妨礙台灣婦女享有繼承權的結構性因素，並探討這些性別化的社會脈絡是否有鬆動的趨勢。最末再按分析結果，針對法學、社會學與人類學相關文獻，進行三角交叉檢視。本文發現，父權體制、父系家庭文化、台灣繼承法律史、重義務與反訟之法律文化，編織成一張綿密的性別化社會網絡，阻礙已婚婦女以女兒的身分享有法定繼承權。惟在已婚婦女勞動參與率提升，出生率大幅減少等社會變遷情形下，當婦女對娘家財產的維持或增加有貢獻，或婚後仍盡祭祀祖先的責任，則被視為有「繼承」的能力，其繼承權利取得習俗上的正當性。本文建議，為提升婦女爭取法定繼承權之意願，使性別平等的繼承規範得以落實，民法繼承編應新增「貢獻份」的概念，凡繼承權利人對被繼承人之遺產累積有貢獻，無論男女應可享有貢獻份。最高法院亦應將「共同承擔祭祀責任」採納為祭祀公業派下權資格取得的判斷標準。此外，現行家庭法制所殘存的父權意識型態也應努力破除，並自推行男女平等之婚喪祭祀儀節，以及強化兩性平等教育等方面著手。
    The aim of this article is to explore the structural factors that interfere with Taiwanese women’s right to inheritance under social transformation. Coding results of Supreme Court cases and in-depth interviews with law professionals are compared with literature from the fields of law, sociology and anthropology, so as to triangulate the main findings of this article. The article argues that gender-neutral state law appears to play a dominant role in the interaction of plural legal orders in the field of inheritance. Patriarchal power, patrilineal family structure, the legal history of inheritance in Taiwan and its Confucian legal culture are nonetheless preserved through the use of state law, which prevents women from inheriting property. With the rise of female-labour participation and the fall in the birth rate, however, women are regarded as having “the ability of inheritance” in cases in which they make a contribution to the maintenance or the increase of family assets, or they fulfill the responsibility of worshipping ancestors. It is suggested that the concept of “contribution portion” should be introduced to the Law of Succession so that both sons and daughters who have given financial help or looked after the deceased would have the right to a bigger share of the inheritance. Moreover, “fulfilling the responsibility of ancestor worshipping” rather than gender should be taken by the Supreme Court as the basis of judgment regarding the right to inherit the common heritage of the clan. It is also suggested that patriarchal ideology should no longer be endorsed by Family Law. In addition, the limited effect of legal change in the Law of Succession, insofar as it relates to daughters’ right to inheritance, should be recognised. Weddings and funerals should be held in a gender-neutral way, and the concept of gender equality should be advocated through education, so that a new family system and societal lifestyle could be established in which Taiwanese women could enjoy their right to inheritance not only in statute, but also in practice.
    關聯: 法學評論, 116, 103-171
    数据类型: article
    显示于类别:[政大法學評論 TSSCI] 期刊論文

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