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    题名: 美國一九八〇年代以來師範教育改革之研究 : 兼論其對台灣地區師範教育改革之啟示
    作者: 蔡清華
    贡献者: 黃炳煌
    王家通
    蔡清華
    日期: 1993
    上传时间: 2016-05-11
    摘要: 自一九八○代中期起，美國各在所謂「三大報告書」的推波助瀾下，紛紛掀起師範教育改革運動。該運動至今已近十年，本研究即試圖透過文獻分析、實地訪問等方式為此一改革運動勾畫出一較完整的報告。其次，迄今五年有餘猶未能定案，可見社會各界對於我國師範教育興革之方向，仍然眾說紛紜，莫衷一是。對此，本研究以上述分析之結果編成問卷，調查各界對台灣地區師範教育問題及改進途徑之意見。
    本研究除第一章緒論之外，第二章分析美國師範教育改革的派典，作為解釋各項爭論之基礎；在美國師範教育改革派典上，本研究歸納出「無意義派典」、「突顯派典」兩種改革師範教育的看法，兩者各有其影響力。
    第三章介紹改革的背景與原因；在改革背景上，本研究歸納出五項：（一）中小學教師的培育供需失調；（二）修習師範教育課程之學素質不佳；（三）教師授證措施亟待調整；（四）教師的待遇，無論有形的或無形，普遍佳；（五）教師的丄作條件不佳，無法吸引住留住優秀人。
    第四章分析各主要改革報告書的內容後，發現這些報告書的主要建議可歸納為四點特色：
    （一）全方位的師範教師改革建議；
    （二）同中存異的師範教育改革觀點；
    （三）所建議的吸引優秀人才策略自相矛盾；
    （四）「無意義的派典」與「突顯派典」的支持者各有其影響力。
    第五章則檢討美國在一九八○年代以來師範教師改革的成效與策略；本研究發現實際的改變雖有，唯不如預期的規模。在改革策略上，本研究亦發現多由教育行政人員、民意代表、政客所主導，教師及師範教育工作者則多被排除在外。
    為了深入瞭解美國師範教育的運作情形，本研究於第六章再以紐約州為例，進行個案分析。發現除了上述趨勢外，更具有規模不大、為中小學教育改革的週邊運動、州教育廳長主導全局等特色。
    第七章則分析與討論問卷調查之結果與啟示，本研究發現，台灣地區各界對師範教育問題的看法，除了中小學教師的社會地位、師範生的素質等兩方面外，看法與美國相似。對美國各種改革師範教師的措施也幾乎全能接受，此外，大多數人均贊成師範教育修正草案的改革措施。
    最後，本研究提出八項建議：（一）師範教育改革應採全方位模式進行；（二）師範教育工作者應積極參與師範教育的改革過程；（三）建立制度化的教育民意反映管道；（四）維持台灣地區師範教育既有的有利地位；（五）改革師範教育時亦應顧及地區的需求；（六）儘速審議師範教育法的修訂工作；（七）鼓勵各校、院與各教育行政機構合作進行師範教育的實驗；（八）進一步研究的建議：選擇美國有代表情的州進行深入研究。
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