Reference: | 〔中文部分〕
A. 報紙
〈大公報》影印本, 1912-1921
〈申報〉影印本, 1912-1921
B. 書籍及其他資料
丁守和( 1989a) 「五四運動七十周年斷想」論傳統與反傳統湯一介編台北:聯經PP.155-182
丁守和( 1989b) 「中國文化研究七十年」 中國文化研究年鑑( 1989) 65-80
于醒民,唐繼無( 1991 )上海:近代化的早產見台北:久大。
中共中央馬克斯列寧恩格斯斯大林著作編譯局研究室編( 1979 )五四時期期刊介紹北京:三聯書店。
戈公振( 1982 )中國報學史台北:台灣學生書店
王元化( 1989) 「 論傳統與反傳統」 論傳統與反傳統湯一介編台北:聯經PP.13-38
王洪鈞( 1984 )新聞法規台北:允晨
王新命( 1953) 「 新聞園裡漫遊錄」 報學, 1 ( 5) 83-86
王潤華( 1990) 「 五四小說人物的『狂』和『死』與反傳統主題」,五四文學與文化變遷中國古典文學研究會編台北:台灣學生書店PP.359 -377
王樾( 1990) 「 晚清思想的批制意識對五四反傳統思想的影響一以譚晶司間的變法思想為例」 五四文學與文化變遷中國古典文學研究會編台北:台灣學生書店PP.41-119
王曉秋( 1989) 「 試論中國近代知識分子群體的形成和特性」 論傳統與反傳統湯一介編台北:聯經PP.261- 279
王爾敏( 1990) 「 中國近代知識普及化傳播之圖說形式一點右齋畫報例」 中央研究院近代史研究所集刊, 19 135-172
尤英夫( 1967) 「 袁世凱對報業的破壞」 報學, 3 ( 9 ) “-70
包明叔( 1952) 「 卅年回憶話滄桑」 報學, 1 ( 2 ) 115-118o
包遵信( 1989) 「 梁漱溟論」 論傳統與反傳統湯一介編台北:聯經PP.357 - 375 。
申報年鑑社( 1933 )申報年鑑(民國二十二年) 上海:申報年鑑社
朱宗良( 1956) 「 民國初年之上海報界概況」 報學, 1 ( 9 )24-27 。
成舍我( 1955) 「 由小型報談到「立報』的創刊」 報學, 1 ( 7)
余英時( 1979) 「 五四運動與中國傳統」 五四研究論文集汪榮祖編台北:聯經PP. 1l3-124
余英時( 1984 )中國近代思想史上的胡適台北:聯經
余英時( 1989 )從價值體系看中國文化的現代意義台北:時報
李叉寧( 1981) 「 中國新女界雜誌的創刊及內容」 中國婦女史論文集(第一輯)李又寧,張玉法編台北:商務PP.179 - 241
李孝惕( 1992 )清末的下層社會啟蒙運動1901-1911台北:中央研究院近代史研究所。
李林( 1989) 「 新文化運動與非理性主義思潮」 論傳統與反傳統湯一介編台北:聯經PP.51-69
李惠惠( 1986 )新潮雜誌與五四新文化運動(1918-1922 )台北:師大歷史研究所碩士論文
李澤厚( 1989) 「 五四的是是非非一李澤厚先生答問錄」 論傳統與反傳統湯一介編台北:聯經PP.129-153
李澤厚( 1991a) 中國近代思想史論台北:風雲時代
李澤厚( 1991b) 中國現代思想史論台北:風雲時代
赤松子( 1978 )民國春秋台北:華聯。
沈清松( 1985 )現代哲學論衡台北:黎明
汪榮祖( 1985 )晚清變法思想論叢台北:聯經
志希( 1919a) 「 今日中國之新聞界」 新潮, 1 ( 1) 117-123
志希( 1919b) 「 今日中國之小說界」 新潮, 1 ( 1) 106-116
金耀基( 1990 )從傳統到現代台北:時報。
金觀濤,劉青峰( 1991 )興盛與危機台北:風雲時代
林友蘭(1967) 「 一份百年前的華字日報」 報學3 ( 8 )84-91
林毓生( 1989a) 「 邁出「 五四』以光大『五四』-簡答王元化先生」 五四:多元的反思 李澤厚,林毓生編台北:風雲時代PP.28 - 45
林毓生( 1989b) 「 對五四時期思想啟蒙運動的再認識」 從五四到新五四 周陽山編台北:時報PP.122-131
周谷城( 1981 )中國政治史台北:文學史料研究會
周昌龍( 1991) 「 傳統禮治秩序與五四反禮教思潮-以周作人為例之研究」 漢學研究, 9 ( 1) 247-270
周陽山編( 1990 )五四與中國台北:時報
周策縱( 1989 )五四運動史(上) 台北:桂冠
東亞同文會( 1916 )民國五年中國年鑑台北:天一( 1975 年影印版)
邵翼之( 1955) 「 我所知道的上海時報」 報學, 1 ( 8) 76-79
俞平伯( 1920) 「 一星期在上海的感想」 新潮, 2 ( 3 ) : 597-599
胡太春( 1987 )中國近代新聞思想史山西:人民出版社。
胡光麃( 1981 )中國現代化的歷程台北:傳記文學胡適( 1986 )四十自述台北:遠流。
袁偉時( 1989) 「 五四怨曲試析」 論傳統與反傳統湯一介編台北:聯經PP.183-200
唐德剛譯註( 1986 )胡適口述自傳台北:傳記文學
孫如陵( 1957) 「 中國初期新聞事業的演進」 報學,2 ( 2 )76-79
孫隆基( 1983 )中國文化的「深層結構; 出版地不詳。
孫鐘符( 1957) 「 副刊與小說-國人讀小說的風氣」 報學2( 2) 88 - 92
荊知仁( 1984 )中國立憲史台北:聯經
桑兵( 1991 )晚清學堂學生與社會變遷新莊:稻禾
殷鼎( 1989) 「 中國文化與解釋意識的雙重危機」 中國文化研究年鑑( 1989) 123-134
黃天鵬( 1952) 「 中國新聞事業大事記-附丁未以來報界繫年錄」,報學, 1 ( 3) 132-142
黃天鵬( 1953) 「 五十年來中國新聞學之演進」 報學, 1 (4 )109-113
黃克武( 1988) 「 從申報醫藥廣告看民初上海的醫療文化與社會生
活, 1912-1926 」 `中央研究院近代史研究所集刊第17 期(下)141-194
黃貓庵( 1956) 「 上海的小型報」 報學, 1 (10) 107-109
郭廷以( 1980 )近代中國史綱 香港:中文大學出版社。
陳志讓( 198 吐) 「 洪憲帝制的一些問題」 中華民國初期歷史研討會論文集( 1912-1927 ) 台北:中央研究院近代史研究所PP.5-30
陳明銶( 1979) 「 五四與工運」 五四研究論文集汪榮祖編台北:聯經PP.57 - 88
陳會熹( 1981 )五四運動在上海 陳勤譯台北:經世書局
陳端志( 1986 )五四運動之吏的評價中和:古楓。
陳國祥( 1979 )新青年雜誌對中國文化與政治發展問題的言論分析台北:政大新聞研究所碩士論文
陳雪雲( 1991 )我國新聞媒體建構社會現實之研究-以社會運動報導為例台北:政大新聞研究所博士論文。
陳聖士( 1958) 「 近代中國報紙社論之演變」 報學, 2 ( 3 )8 -15
陳錫璋( 1982 )細說北洋 台北:傳記文學。
梁家祿等( 1984 )中國新聞史(古代至1949 年) 南寧:廣西人民出版社梁啟超( 1975 )飲冰室全集台北:中華書局。
梁漱淇( 1932 )中國民族自救運動之最後覺悟北京:京城印書局( 1970 年重印)
曹汝霖( 1980 )曹汝霖一生之回憶台北:傳記文學
統 湯一介編( 1990 )中國文化研究年鑑台北:國文天地
張之傑( 1990) 20 世紀中國全記錄台北:錦繡出版公司
張玉法( 1979) 「 民初政局與五四」 五四研究論文集汪榮祖編台北:聯經PP.3-19
張岱年( 1989) 「 評五四時期對於傳統文化的評論」 論傳統與反傳統湯一介編台北:聯經PP.3-11
張朋園( 1981 )梁啟超與民國政治台北:食貨
彭明( 1989) 「 五四時期知識分子的文化觀」 論傳統與反傳統湯一介編台北:聯經P P . 2 0 1 -- 21 6 0
馮友蘭1987 )三松堂自序新店:谷風o
馮友蘭( 1989) 「 新文化運動的創始人、教育家、哲學家蔡元培」傳統與反傳統湯一介編台北:聯經PP.283-301
喻血輪( 1956 ) 「清末民初漢口報壇史」,報學, ( 9 ) 28-31
喻血輪( 1957 )「我編副刊的經驗談」,報學, 2 ( 2 ) 93-95
喻血輪( 1960 ) 「談民初漢口兩家小報」,報學, 2 ( 7 ) 79
蔡文輝( 1990 )社會變遷台北:三民
蔡尚思( 1986 )蔡元培學術思想傳記台北:蒲公英。
蔡國裕( 1988 )一九二○年代初期中國社會主義論戰o台北:商務
賴光臨( 1983 )中國新聞傳播史台北:三民。
賴光臨( 1987 )中國近代報人與報業台北:商務
葉嘉熾( 1979 ) 「五四與學運」,五四研究論文集汪榮祖編台北:聯經PP.43 - 56
費孝通( 1948a )鄉土中國鄉土重建出版地不詳。
費孝通( 1948b )皇權與紳權出版地不詳
楊亮功,蔡曉舟( 1982 )五四一第一本五四運動史料 台北:傳記文學
楊家駱編( 1972 )大陸淪陷前之中華民國(五) 台北:鼎文書局
楊懋春( 1980 )近代中國農村社會之演變台北:巨流。
趙崗,陳鍾毅( 1986 )中國經濟制度史論台北:聯經
趙素華( 1951 ) 「副刊史話」,報學,1(1):39
劉豁公( 1954 ) 「談上海的小型報」,報學, ( 6 ) 95-107
潘公弼( 1951 ) 「望平街之回憶」,報學,1(1):142-158
蔣永敬( 1981 ) 「胡漢民提倡女權的思想及其成就」,中國婦女史論文集(第一輯)
李又寧,張玉法編台北:商務PP.319-342
蔣夢麟( 1989 )西湖台北:致良
樂黛雲( 1989) 「 重估〈學衡》-兼論現代保守王義」 論傳統與反傳統湯一介編台北:聯經PP.4 15-428
冀建中( 1989) 「 毛將附焉?-論中國知識分子的出路」 論傳統與反傳統湯一介編台北:聯經PP.241-259
歐陽正宅( 1989 )中國現代經濟發展史台北:時報。
謝蕙風( 1986 )民國初年新聞自由的研究( 1912-1928) 台北:師大歷史研究所碩士論文
鐘蔚文( 1992 )從媒介真實到主觀真實一看新聞,怎麼看?看到什麼? 台北:正中
戴玄之( 1973 )紅槍會( 1916-19的) 台北:食貨
譚汝儉( 1967) 「 四十七年來廣東報業史概略」 報學,3 ( 8 )76-82
蕭功秦( 1988 )儒家文化的困境台北:五南
羅家倫( 1919) 「 今日中國之雜誌界」 新潮, 1 ( 4 ) 623-632
顧昕( 1989) 「 從意識型態的鼓吹者到社會的批判者一試析作為一名知識分子的陳獨秀在中國現代化進程中所扮演的角色」 論傳統與反傳統湯一介編台北:聯經 pp.303 - 332
顧昕( 1992 )中國啟蒙的歷史圖像 香港:牛津大學出版社
英文部分
Ackermann, R.J.( 1976) The Philosophy of Karl Popper. Mass.: University of Massachusetts Press.
Adoni, H. & Mane, S.(l984) "Media and the Social Construction of Reatity: Toward an Integration of Theory and Research." Communication Research, 11(3):323-340.
Alexander, J.C.(l98l) "The Mass News Media in Systemic, Historical, and Comparative Perspective, "in Mass Media and Social Change. Katz, E. & Szecsko, T.(Eds), Beveriy Hills: Sage. PP.17 - 52.
Allen, I.L.( 1977) "Social Integration as an Organizing Principle, "in Mass Media Policies in Changing Cultures. Gerbner, G.(Ed), New York: John Wiley & Sons. PP.235 - 250.
Altheide, D.L.(l976) Creating Reality. Beverly Hills: Sage.
Apthorpe, R.(l985) "Integration," in The Social Science Encyclopedia. Kuper, A. & Kuper, J. (Eds,), Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul. P.401.
Ashworth, P.D.( 1979) Social Interaction and Consciousness. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
van den Berg, H. & van den Veer, C.G.( 1989) "Ideologies in the News: On the Measurement of Ideological Characteristics of News Reports. "Gazette, 14: 159-194.
Berger, P.L. & Kellner, H.(1981) Sociology Reinterpreted. New York: Anchor Books.
Berger, P.L. & Luckmann, T .( 1966) The Social Construction of Reality. New York: Doubleday.
Bergson, H.(l912) Time and Free Will. London: George Allen.
Biocca, F.A.( 1988)"Opposing Conceptions of the Audience: The Active and Passive Hemispheres of Mass Communication Theory. "Communication Yearbook, 11: 51 - 80.
Blumenstiel , A.D.( 1973) "The Sociology of Good Times, "in Phenomeno logical Sociology: Issues and Applications. Psathas, G.( Ed.) New York: John Wiley & Sons. PP.187 - 215.
Bogdan, R. & Taylor, S.J.( 1975) Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Brinton, C.( 1973) "The Anatomy of Revolution: Tentative Uniformities, "in Social Change: Sources, Patterns, and Consequences. Etzioni-Halevy,
E. & Etzioni, A.(Eds.) New York: Basic Books. PP.514-518.
Brugger, B. & Hannan, k.( 1983) Modernization and Revolution. London: Croom Helm.
Buber, M.(l958) I and Thou. (Trans. by R. G. Smith) New York: Macmillan.
Buchstein, F.D.( 1972) "The Role of the News Media in the `Death of God` Controversy. "Journalism Quarterly, 49(1): 79-85.
Burke, P.( 1991) "Identity Processes and Social Stress. " American Soci-ological Review, 56:836 - 849.
Cancian, F.( 1973) "Functional Analysis of Change," in Social Change: Sources, Patterns and Consequences. Etzioni - Halevy, E. & Etzioni, A.(Eds.) New York: Basic Books. P2.87 - 99.
Carnap1 R.(l928) The Logical Structure of the World. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Carroll, G.R. & Huo, Y .P.( 1986) "Organizational Task and Institutional Environments in Ecological Perspective: Findings from the Local Newspaper Industry. "American Journal of Sociology, 91(4):838-873.
Chang, Yu – Fa(1990) "Societal Change In Modern China, 1890s -1980s. " 中央研究院近代史研究所集刊 第19期:173-214
Chen, Kuan - Hsing (1987) "Mass Media and Postmodernity: The Cultural Politics of Silencing in Jean Baudrillard." Communication Yearbook, 10:666-683.
Chen, Kuan - Hsing (1990) "Postmarxism: between Critical Postmodernism and Cultural Studies." Paper presented to the 1990 International Conference on Cinema, Television and Video Studies, Taipei,Taiwan.
Cicourel, A.V.( 1970) "The Acquisition of Social Structure: Toward a Developmental Sociology of Language and Meaning," in Understanding Everyday Life. Douglas, J.D.(Ed.) Chicago: Aldine.
Cuff, E.C. & Payne, G.C.F.( 1981) Perspectives in Sociology. Boston: George Allen & Unwin.
Czitrom, DJ.(1982) Media and The American Mind. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Daugherty, D. & Warden, M.( 1979) "Prestige Press Editorial Treatment of the Mideast During 11 Crisis Years." Journalism Quarterly, 56 (4):776-782.
Davies, J.C.(1973) "Toward a Theory of Revolution," in Social Change: Sources, Patterns and Consequences. Etzioni - Halevy, E. & Etzioni, A.(Eds.) New York: Basic Books. PP.519 - 534.
Davison, W.P.( 1987) "A Linkage Theory of Communication Effects." Mass Communication Review Yearbook, 6:107-109.
van Dijk, T.A.( 1983) "Discourse Analysis: Its Development and Application to the Structure of News." Journal of Communication, Spring: 20-43.
Donohue, G.A., Olien, C.N. & Tichenor, P.1.(1985)" Reporting Conflict by Pluralism, Newspaper Type and Ownership." Journalism Quarterly, 62(3):489-499.
Dunn, J.(1978) "Practising History and Social Science on ` Realist ` Assumptions," in Action and Interpretation: Studies in the Philosophy of the Social Sciences. Hookway, C. & Pettit, P.(Eds.) London: Cambridge University Press. PP.145 -175.
Durkheim, E.( 1938) The Rules of Sociological Method. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Drukheim, E.( 1982) The Rules of Sociological Method and Selected Texts on Sociology and Its Method. New York; Free Press.
Eisenstadt, S.N.( 1973) "Breakdowns of Political Modernization," in Social Change: Sources, Patterns and Consequences. Etzioni - Halevy,
E. & Etzioni, A.(Eds.) New York: Basic Books. PP.320-332.
Epstein, E.1.( 1973) News from Nowhere. New York: Random House.
Evans, W.A.(990) "The Interpretative Turn in Media Research: Innovation` Iteration, or Illusion? " Critical Studies in lv[ass Communication` 7(2):147-168.
Funkhouser, G.R.( 1973) "Trends in Media Coverage of the Issues of the `60s." Journalism Quarterly, 50(3):533-538.
Gamson, W.A.U 989) "Media Discourse and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power: A Constructionist Approach." American Journal of Sociology, 95(1):1-37.
Garragee, K.M.( 1990) "Interpretive Media Study and Interpretive Social Science." Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 7(2):81-96.
Giddens, A.O 976) New Rules of Sociological fv[ethod. New York: Basic Books.
Giddens, A.( 199 J) Modernity and Self- Identity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Gottdiener, M.( 1 985) "Hegemony and Mass Culture: A Semiotic Approach." American Journal of Sociology, 90(5):979-100l.
Greenberg, B.S. & Parker, E.B.( 1965) The Kennedy Assassination and the American Public: Social Communication in Crisis. Stanford. CA: Stanford University Press.
Greenwood, 1.0.( 1990)" The Social Constitution of Action: Objectivity and Explanation." Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 20( 2): 195 - 207.
Griswold, W.( 1983) "The Oevil`s Techniques: Cultural legitimation and Social Change." American Sociological Reviecw, 48: 668 - 680.
Griswold, W.( 1987) "The Fabrication of Meaning: Literary Interpretation in the United States, Great Britain, and the Westlndies."
American Journal of Sociology, 92( 5): 1077 -1117.
Grossberg, L.( 1979) "Interpreting the `Crisis` of Culture In Communication Theory." Journal of Communication, Winter: 56 - 68.
Gunter,B.( 1988a)"The Perceptive Audience."Communication Yearbook, 11: 22 - 50.
Gunter,B.( 1988b)"Finding the Limits of Audience Activity."Communication Yearbook,11: 1 08 -126.
GusfieldJ J.R.( 1973) "Tradition and Modernity: Misplaced Polarities in the Study of Social Change," in Social Change: Sources, Patterns and Consequences. Etzioni - Halevy, E. & Etzioni, A.(Eds.) New York: Basic Books. PP.333-341.
Habermas, J .(1979) Communication and the Euolution of Society. trans. by McCarthy, T., Boston: Beacon Press.
Habermas, 1.(1984) The Theory of Communicative Action. trans. by McCarthy, T., Boston: Beacon Press.
Habermas, 1.( 1988) On The Logic of the Social Sciences. trans. by Nicholsen, S.W. & Stark, J.A., Cambridge: Polity Press.
Halfpenny, P.(l982) Positivism and Sociology: Explaining Social Life. London: George Allen & Unwin.
Hauser, P.M.(l973) "The Chaotic Society: Product of the Social Morphological Revolution," in Social Change: Sources, Patterns and Consequences. Etzioni - Halevy, E. & Etzioni, A.(Eds.J New York: Basic Boods. PP.428 - 442.
Hawes, L.C.( 1977) "Toward A Hermeneutic Phenomenology of Communication." Communication Quarterly, 25( 3) :30 - 41.
Holzner, B.( 1968) Reality Construction in Society. Cambridge: Schenkman. Hookway, C. & Pettit, P.( 1978) Action and Interpretation. London: Cambridge University Press.
Husserl, E.( 1973) Cartesian Meditations. Trans. by D.Cairns The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
James, P.(1992) "Forms of Abstract `Community` - From Tribe and Kingdom to Nation and State." Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 22(3):313-336.
James, W.( 1890) The Principles of Psychology. New York: Henry Holt. Johnson, C.( 1966) Revolutionary Change. Boston: Little1 Brown and Company.
Kao, Cheng - Shu (1979) "Alfred Schutz`s Phenomenological Sociology: The `Mundane` Turn of Husserl`s Phenomenology and its Dilemmas." 東海學報,20:37 - 63.
Kelly, J.C.( 1981) A Philosophy of Communication. London: The Center for the Study of Communication and Culture.
Kemper, T.DJ 1990) "Dimensions of Microinteraction." American Journal of Sociology, 960):32-68.
Kersten, F.( 1978) "Alfred Schutz and the Sccial Sciences." Human Studies, 1(3):289-299.
Koehler, H.(l985) "The Relation of Man and World: Existential and Phenomenological Perspectives. "Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 15:275-286.
Kotler, P.( 1973) "The Elements of Social Action," in Processes and Phenomena of Social Change. Zaltman, G.( Ed.) New York: John Wiley & Sons. PP.169-189.
Kutsch, T.( 1981) "Modernization, Everyday Life, and Social Roles : Benefits and Costs of Life in `Developed Societies," in Attir, M. 0., Holzner, B. & Suda, Z.(Eds.) Directions of Change: fvIodernization Theory, Research, and Realities. Boulder: Westview Press. PP.153-169.
Langley, P.( 1972) "Pessimism -Optimism of Civil War Military News: June, 1863-March, 1865." lournalism Quarterly, 49(1): 74-77.
Lanigan, R.L.(1977) Speech Act Phenomenology. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Lanigan, R.L.(1988) "Is Erving Goffman a Phenomenologist?" Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 5:335 - 345.
Lauer, R.H.( 1977) Perspectives on Social Change. 2nd. ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Lerner, D.( 1958) The Passing of Traditional Society. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press.
Lindlof,T.R.( 1988)"Media Audiences as Interpretive Communities."Communication Yearbook, 11 :81-107.
Li ppm ann, W.( 1960) Public Opinion. New York: Macmillan.
Lloyd, C.(l986) Explanation in Social History. New York: Basil Blackwell.
Loomis, C.P.(l960) Social Systems: Essays on Their Persistence and Change. Toronto: van Nostrand.
Lowe, D.N.( 1973) "Intentionality and the Method of History," in Natanson, M.( Ed.) Phenomenology and the Social Sciences. vol.ll. PP.103-130.
Marris, F.( 1974) Loss and Change. New York: Pantheon Books.
Mead, G.HJ 1934) Mind, Self, and Society. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Merleau - Ponty, M.(l962) Phenomenology of Perception. trans. by Smith, C.,London : Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Merleau - Ponty, M.( 1973) Consciousness and the Acquisition of Language. trans. by Silverman, H.J., Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Merton, R.K.(1968) Social Theory and Social Structure. New York: The Free Press.
Mirowsky, J. & Ross, C.E.(1983) "Paranoia and The Structure of Powerlessness. "American Sociological Review, 48: 228 - 239.
Misgeld, D.( 1986) "Practical reasoning and Social Science: from the phenomenology of the social world to a radical hermeneutics," in European Philosophy and the Human and Social Sciences. Glynn, S.(Ed.) Brookfield, Vermont: Gower. PP.71-103.
Moore, W.E(1972) "Typical Normative Conflicts in Stages of Cultural Change," in Perspectives on Modernization: Essays in Memory of Ian Weinberg. Harvey, E.B.(Ed.), Toronto: University of Toronto Press. PP.15-21.
Nagy, A.( 1972) "Hungarian Writers and the 1956 Revolution." Journalism Quarterly, 4 9( 3): 498 - 504.
Nelson,` J.L.( 1987) "On Media and Existence." Critical Studies In Mass Communication. Sept.: 315 - 317.
Nowak, S.( 1976) Understanding and Prediction. Hingham, Mass.: D.Rei-del.
Parsons, T.( 1951) The Social System. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Pauly, J.J.( 1991) "A Beginner`s Guide to Doing Qualitative Research in Mass Communication." Journalism Monographs, 125.
Peterson, T., Jensen, W.J. & Rivers, W.L.( 1965) The Mass Media and Modern Society. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Pivcevic, E.( 1970) Husserl and Phenomenology. London: Hutchinson.
Pool, Ithiel de Sola (1963) "The Mass Media and Politics in the Modernization Process," in Communications and Political Development.
Pye, L.W.(Ed.) New Jersey: Princeton University Press. PP.234 -253.
Ritzer, G.( 1980) Sociology: A Multiple Paradigm Science. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Rosengren, K.E.(1981)"Mass Media and Social Change: Some Current Approaches," in A1ass Media and Social Change. Katz, E. & Szec-sko T.(Eds.) Beverly Hills: Sage. PP. 247 - 256.
Rosengren, K.E.( 1983) "Communication Research: One Paradigm or Four?" Journal of Communication, : 185 - 207.
Rossi, 1.( 1983) From the Sociology of Symbols to the Sociology of Signs. New York: Columbia University Press.
Ryan, B.F.( 1969) Social and Cultural Change. New York: The Ronald Press Company.
Scanlon, T.J.( 1978) "Media Coverage of Crises: Better than Reported, Worse than Necessary." Journalism Quarterly, 55( 1): 68 -72.
Schramm, W.( 1964) Mass Media and National Development : The Role of Information in the Developing Countries. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Schutz, A.( 1962) Collected Papers 1 The Problem of Social Reality. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
A.( 1964) Collected Papers 11: Studies In Social Theory. The
Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Schutz, A.( 1966) Collected Papers III: Studies In Phenomenological Philosoph y. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Schutz, A.( 1967) The Phenomenology of Social World. trans. by Walsh,
G. & Lehnert, F., Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Schutz, A.( 1970) Alfred Schutz on Phenomenology and Social Relations.
Wagner, H.R.(Ed.) Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Schutz, A. & Luckmann, T.( 1973) the Structure of the Life- World. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Schutz, A.( 1982) Life Forms and Meaning Structure. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Schwartz, B.I.( 1973) "The Limits of `Tradition Versus Modernity` as Categories of Explanation: The Case of the Chinese Intellectuals,"
in Eisenstadt, S.N. & Graubard, S.R.(Eds) Intellectuals and Tradition. New York: Humanities Press.
Schwartz, B.( 1991) "Social Change and Collective Memory: The Democratization of George Washington." American Sociological Review, 56:221-236.
Schwartz, H. & Jacobs, J.( 1979) Qualitative Sociology. New York: The Free Press.
Servaes ,J.( 1989 )"Cultural Identity and Modes of Communication." Communication Yearbook.l2:383-416.
Sheridan, A.(l980) Michel Foucault: The Will to Truth. London: Tavistock.
Silverman, D.( 1985) Qualitative Methodology and Sociology. Brookfield, vt.: Gower.
Smelser, NJ.( 1973) "Toward a Theory of Modernization," In Social Change: Sources, Patterns and Consequences. Etzioni - Halevy, E.& Etzioni, A.( Eds`) New York: Basic Books. PP.268 - 284.
Smith, A.D.( 1973) The Concept of Social Change: A Critique of the Functionalist Theory of Social Change. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Smith, R.B. & Manning, P.K.( 1982) Qualitative Methods. Cambridge: Harper & Row.
Snyder, D. & Kelly, W.R.( 1977) "Conflict Intensity, Media Sensitivity and the Validity of Newspaper Data." American Sociological Review, 42 (Feb.):105-123.
Spurling, L.(1977) Phenomenology and the Social World: The Philoso phy of Merleau- Ponty and its Relation to the Social Sciences. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Stephens, M.& Edison, N.G.( 1982) " News Coverage of Issues During the Accident at Three - Mile Island." Journalism Quarterly, 59( 1): 199-204.
Steward, ] .H.(1977) Evolution and Ecology: Essays on Social Transformation. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Stone, P.J.,Dunphy, D. C., Smith, M.S. & Ogilvie, D.M. (1966) The General Inquirer. Cambridge: The M.LT. Press.
Swidler, A.( 1986) "Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies." American Sociological Review, 52(Apr.): 273 - 286.
Thayer, L.( 1987) On Communication: Essays in Understanding. New Jersey: Ablex.
Thoits, P.A.( 1986) "Multiple Identities: Examining Gender and Marital Status Differences in Distress." American Sociological Review, 51: 259-272.
Traudt, P.L., Anderson, J,A. & Meyer, T.P.( 1987)" Phenomenology, Empiricism, and Media Experience." Critical Studies in Mass Communication,4: 302 - 310.
Tuchman, G.( 1978) Making News: A Study In the Construction of Reality. New York: The Free Press.
Tuomela, R.(l984) " Social Action - Functions." Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 14:133-147.
Turner, J.H.( 1987) "Toward A Sociological Theory of Motivation." American Sociological Review, 52: 15 - 27.
Turner, S.P.( 1983) "Weber on Action." American Sociological Review, 48:506-519.
Wagner, H.R (1977) "The Bergsonian Period of Alfred Schutz." Philoso phy and Phenomenological Research, 38( 2): 187 -199.
Weber, M.(1978) Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. Roth, G. & Wittich, C.( Eds`) Berkeley: University of California Press.
Weimann, G.(l982) "On the Importance of Marginality: One More Step into the Two-Step Flows of Communication." American Sociological Review, 47:764-773.
Westley, B.H.( 1973) "Communication and Social Change," in Processes and Phenomena of Social Change. Zaltman, G.(Ed.) New York: John Wiley & Sons. PP.217 - 234.
Whitney, D.C & Barkin, S.M.( 1981) "Phenomenology and Mass Communication Research: An Uncertain Past and A Promising Future," in Foundations for Communication Studies. Soloski (ed.) Iowa: The University of Iowa. PP.83 - 95.
Wright, C.R.( 1986) Mass Communication: A Sociological Perspective. 3rd. ed. New York: Random House.
Zeitlin, I.M.(l973) Rethinking Sociology. New Jersey: Prentice - Hall.
Zelizer ,B.( 1993)"Journalists as Interpretive Communities."Criticai Studies in Mass Communication, 10: 219 - 237. |