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    题名: 多元社會下政策績效公平衡量之資訊整合研究
    其它题名: An Information Integration Research on the Fairness Measurement of the Policy Outcomes of the Pluralistic Societies
    作者: 陳正料;汪明生;陳建寧
    Chen, Cheng-Liaou;Wang, Ming-Shen;Chen, Chein-Ning
    关键词: 公平衡量;功能衡量;不公平模式;人際顯著;資訊整合理論
    fairness measurement;functional measurement;unfairness model;interpersonal salience;IIT
    日期: 2006-09
    上传时间: 2016-05-10 15:29:26 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 國內對公共政策（尤指不良建構政策）結果績效衡量，一般均從政策對利害關係人所造成影響之公平性進行；採Adams公平模式，從單一構面投入產出報酬率衡量，重視具體、有形資訊，忽略政策多元決定性，以及固有、潛藏、無形價值因素。因而在缺乏可比較共同判準下，衡量結果顯得局部與窄化，往往無法為利害關係民眾所接受，衍生諸多對政策績效結果認知不一致現象。需採取一種全面觀點方法論，將「多元觀點」引進問題情境，藉以對政策本質（價值）進行界定、解構，進而將政策有形客觀事實與無形主觀價值整合，始能進行客觀衡量，達到公平目的（Farkas, 1991: 81; Dunn, 2004: 213；詹中原，2002：81）。 本文採取實驗心理學資訊整合理論之公平衡量研究途徑，以心理實驗探討民眾對登革熱防治政策績效公平衡量問題；從「功能衡量」觀點，以人際互動的「不公平」感覺建立民眾處理防治政策資訊之認知模式，將政策潛藏、內在、複雜多元價值有效整合，以簡易線性方法（評分法）具體呈現成外在可觀察判斷值。衡量結果兼顧防治政策有形與無形、客觀與主觀、投入與結果資訊，能為多數利害關係民眾接受，達到公平衡量（孫本初，2000：13；陳正料，2006：3）。 研究發現：民眾關心防治投入無形「努力程度」，較不關心有形經費多寡，在意防治整體「滿意度」結果，較不在意病例數增減結果。民眾處理防治結果資訊模式傾向「團體比較」與「顯著規則」，不是「個別比較」。政策評估常用Adams公平模式之代數型式、結果資訊合計假定是不正確，且比較結構與社會互動實況不符致操作性差，平均模式則較佳。政策績效公平衡量出現認知效果：對政策少給情境敏感、對多給不敏感、個別與人際高顯著比較情境常出現不公平感覺、團體與人際低顯著比較情境有較多公平感覺。社會性效果：政策多給不具社會意涵、重視政策社會面影響、不重視經濟面影響。最後，本文推導建構政策實務公平衡量九個簡易標準操作步驟，可供政策分析、管理、溝通與績效公平衡量之參考。
    It often appears some cognitive conflicts when evaluating the policy performance about Dengue-fever prevention in Taiwan, since existed some characteristics in the input and outcome dimension, it includes multi-involvers, multi-goals, multi-values and subjective judgement. It required an methodology with holistic view into the policy situation that we can integrate the explicit-objective and implicit-subjective value, and may obtaine fairness measurement (Anderson, 2004: 298). We taked the fairness measurement approach of the Information Integration Theory to explore the policy performance about Dengue-fever prevention (Farkas, 1991). In this way, we constructed an algebraic model, namely “Dengue-fever basic unfairness measurement model,” with accrute empirical test and validity criterion. According to the way of the factorial graph patterns and statistical interaction test of the model, we analyzed and collected these multiple information of policy outcomes. We obtained some important findings, first, the public integrated the information of policy prevention outcomes according as group comparision and salience rule, not as individual comparision rule, and cared the implicit factor of the effort of inputs and the satisfactory result of outcomes more than the explicit factor of the expenditure of input and the patients’ numbers, and these two had important cognitive implication. There was an interpersonal salience about the evaluation of the policy performance according to the differences of the information quality. The algebraic shape, the hypothesis of sum of outcome information and comparision structure was incorrect about Adams equity model, the unfairness model of Averging was correct. It showed some cognitive and social effects as more sensitive of under-payment and not of overpayment, the stakeholds cared the social impacts more than the economic impact. Finally, we constructure nine steps of practical operation about fairness measurement.
    關聯: 公共行政學報, 20,69-128
    Journal of Public Administration National Chengchi University
    数据类型: article
    显示于类别:[公共行政學報 TSSCI] 期刊論文

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