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    Title: 博弈產業與澳門經濟發展—「自由行」實施前後之比較
    The relationship between gambling industry and economic development of Macau: A comparison before and after the implementation of “Free Trip”
    Authors: 王智樺
    Contributors: 黃智聰
    王智樺
    Keywords: 澳門
    人均GDP
    博弈產業
    線性迴歸
    Macau
    gambling industry
    GDP per capita
    linear regression
    Date: 2009
    Issue Date: 2016-05-09 15:46:06 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 1999年澳門回歸中國大陸後,博弈產業成為澳門經濟發展的龍頭。近十年來,伴隨著澳門人均GDP上升、博弈產業的豐厚利潤、政府稅收逐年提升等經濟急速發展的現象,使得澳門模式成為東亞國家競相模仿的對象,而博弈產業是否造成地方經濟產業單一化,或是帶動其他產業齊頭式發展,也是各界爭論的議題。特別在澳門與中國簽訂《內地與澳門關於建立更緊密經貿關係的安排》(CEPA)後,由於開放內地遊客「自由行」政策,使得博弈產業錦上添花。為了清楚瞭解博弈產業對澳門經濟發展到底造成何種影響,本文主要研究目的有以下兩點:一為探討博弈產業是否對澳門人均GDP是否造成影響,二為比較在「自由行」政策實施前後,博弈產業對澳門經濟的影響。

    根據實證結果顯示,博彩消費、人口、公共支出、CEPA的簽訂,皆與澳門人均GDP呈現正向關係,證明了博弈產業的確影響澳門經濟發展甚大。但研究結果也顯示,博弈產業在「自由行」實施後,對澳門經濟影響力反而下降,因此本研究推論,在「自由行」實施前,澳門經濟大部分靠博彩業支撐,其他產業積弱不振;「自由行」實施後,其他產業得到發展機會,增長速度超越博彩業發展的速度,才會造成本研究實證結果。

    總的來說,博彩業在澳門與中國簽訂CEPA後,反而減弱其影響力,表示在「自由行」實施後,其他產業並沒有隨著博彩業的壯大而消失,反而跟著博彩業一同成長,澳門產業結構並無朝向單一化,反而更加多元。帶動其他行業發展,有利建設先進、多元化的綜合城市。
    The gambling industry has become the leading industry in Macau since Macau return to China in 1999. This decade, accompanying with the rise of Macau’s GDP per capita, the huge profits the gambling industry, such as the phenomenon of rapid economic growth, making “Macau Pattern” become a model which East Asian countries compete to imitate. It is a controversial issue that if the gambling industry made the local industry more singlize or led other industry develop. Especially after Macao and China signed the "Mainland and Macao Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement" (CEPA), the opening up of the Mainland visitors as a result of "Free Trip" policy, helping the gambling industry develop rapidly. In order to clearly understand the game industry how to impact Macao`s economic development, the purposes are to investigate the relationship between gambling industry and economic development of Macau.

    The empirical result shows: gambling consumption, population, public expenditure and CEPA signing have significant positive effects on economic development in Macau, Proving that the impact of the game industry is indeed a great economic development of Macau. The result also shows that after the signing of CEPA, gambling industry has fewer impact on economic development in Macau. Therefore, we infer that all industries except gambling industry were weak before “Free Trip”, and other industry got chance to develop after “Free Trip”.

    To sum up, the gambling industry is the main industry that affects the economic development in Macau. After “Free Trip”, other industries didn’t disappear or decline, all of them keep developing with gambling industry.
    Reference: 一、中文文獻

    A.中文專書

    《中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區基本法》。澳門:澳門印務局。
    Kreps, David M.(1996),鄧方譯,《賽局理論與經濟模型》。台北:五南出版社。
    Walker, Douglas M.(2008),許怡萍譯,《博弈經濟學》。台北:揚智文化。
    李小建(2006),《經濟地理學》。北京:高等教育出版社。
    洪虹(1998),《回歸的澳門》。北京:同心出版社。
    陳廣漢(2008),《港澳珠三角區域經濟整合與制度創新》。北京:社會科學文獻出版社。
    黃平(2008),《挑戰博彩:澳門博彩業開放及其影響》。北京:社會科學文獻出版社。
    楊宏山(2004),《當代中國政治關係》。台北:五南圖書出版社。
    楊明憲(2005),「外部性與公共財」,《個體經濟學101》。
    楊開煌(2000),《困局—論陸台香濠》。台北:海峽學術出版社。

    B.中文期刊

    王成義(2000),「澳門回歸過渡期法律及其法律本土化」,《山東農業大學學報》(山東),第2期,頁70-73。
    左連村(2003),「CEPA框架下粵港澳區域經濟的整合與輻射」,《特區經濟》(廣東),第12期,頁26-29。
    宋高峰(2005),「FDI對我國GDP和進出口總額影響的實證分析」,《商業研究》(台北),第451期,頁78。
    周梁(2007),「澳門博彩業激增對區域經濟合作的推動效應分析」,《集團經濟研究》(廣東),總第238期,頁218-219。
    袁繼成(1999),「澳門博彩業的發展及其回歸後的經濟定位」,《湖北省社會主義學院學報》(湖北),第四期,頁8-13。
    尹曉波(2004),「澳門經濟發展的比較優勢及定位」,《市場論壇》(廣西),第5期,頁20-21。
    陳炳強、陳秉松(2006),「澳門需善用各種博彩資源」,《粵港澳價格》(澳門),第3期,頁9-10。
    張軍(2007),「『自由行』政策對澳門經濟的影響」,《行政》(澳門),第3期,頁657-673。
    陶一桃(2005),「CEPA的制度經濟學分析」,《學術月刊》(上海),第7期,頁47-51。
    喻春嬌、喻美辭(2005),「關於加工貿易的經濟增長效應的再考察」,《北方經貿》(武漢),第2期,頁69-71。
    馮邦彥、黃佳佳(2003),「澳門博彩旅遊業的發展與制度改革」,《特區經濟》(深圳),第10期,頁43。
    馮敏紅(2003),「CEPA零關稅效應解讀」,《對外經貿實務》(廣東),第12期,頁63-66。
    楊小川、熊文佳(2006),「CEPA背景下粵港旅遊業的發展」,《特區經濟》(深圳),第7期,頁51-53。
    魏達志(2004),「『共同市場』與港澳珠三角前景構劃」,《世界經濟研究》(上海),第5期,頁74-78。
    龔唯平(2003),「CEPA:零關稅制度面面觀」,《特區經濟》(深圳),第9期,頁34-36。
    董觀志、劉芳(2004),「CEPA背景下粵港澳旅遊合作創新戰略研究」,《特區經濟》(深圳),第8期,頁36-37。

    C. 學位論文

    王豐德(2001),《論澳門博彩業的開放及其對金融業的影響》。廣東:暨南大學金融學系碩士論文。
    羅世亮(2005),《澳門博彩專營稅研究》。廣東:暨南大學財政學系碩士論文。
    郭健青(2002),《過渡期的澳門財政與博彩稅》。福建:廈門大學財政金融學系博士論文。
    劉澤光(2001),《從澳門的產業結構論金融業與旅遊博彩業的互動與發展》。廣東:暨南大學金融學系碩士論文。

    D.報紙與網路資料

    中國新聞網, http://hm.people.com.cn/BIG5/42274/5897439.html。
    澳門統計暨普查局網站:http://www.dsec.gov.mo/default.aspx。
    澳門經濟局網站:http://www.economia.gov.mo/index.jsp?locale=zh_MO。
    華澳人語網站,http://www.waou.com.mo/wa/2006/03/20060318a.htm。

    二、英文文獻

    Aasved, Mikal J.(2002), The Sociology of Gambling. Illinois, Charles C Thomas Publisher.
    Brenner, R., and Brenner, G.A. (1990). Gambling and Speculation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Detlefsen, R. (1996), Anti-gambling Politics-Time to Reshuffle the Deck. Washington, DC: Competitive Enterprise Institute.
    Eadington, W.R. (1993), The Emergence of Casino Gaming as a Major Factor in Tourism Markets: Policy Issues and Considerations. Reno, NV: Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming.
    Eadington, William R.(1984), Gambling : Views from the Social Sciences. Beverly Hills : Sage Publications.
    Geiger, K. (2006), “In Macau, It’s Time to Bet,” Wall Street Journal, June 30, 2006.
    Godinho, J. (2006), “Macau Gaming Law,” presented at 13th International Conference on Gambling and Risk-Taking, Lake Tahoe.
    Grinols, Earl L. (2004), Gambling in America: Costs and Benefits. UK: Cambridge University Press.
    Helpman, E. and Kurgman, P.R.(1985), Market Structure and Foreign Trade : Increasing Returns, Imperfect Competition, and the International Economy. Cambridge, MIT Press.
    James H. F.(1998), Gambling : Socioeconomic Impacts and Public Policy. London : Sage Periodicals Press.
    Kierzkowski, H.(1986), Protection and Competition in International Trade : Essays in Honor of W.M. Corden. New York: Blackwell.
    McGowan, Richard A. (2007), “Macau: China’s Entry into the World of Gambling,” The Gambling Debate, Greenwood Pub Group, 139-143.
    Olson, Mancur Jr.,(1965), The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
    Pierce, Patrick A. and Miller, Donald E. (2004), Gambling Politics: State Government and the Business of Betting. Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
    Walker, Douglas M.(2007), The Economics of Casino Gambling. New York: Springer .
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    東亞研究所
    95260013
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095260013
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[東亞研究所] 學位論文

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