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    题名: 國家認同與兩岸關係：經濟自由化vs.政治民主化
    NATIONAL IDENTITIES AND CROSS-STRAIT RELATIONS: ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION vs. POLITICAL DEMOCRATIZATION
    作者: 狄雷克
    Uygül, Dilek
    贡献者: 袁易　
    I , Yuan
    狄雷克
    Uygül, Dilek
    关键词: 中國
    臺灣
    中華人民共和國
    中華民國
    兩岸關係
    社會建構主義
    自由化
    民主化
    國家認同
    國家利益
    國家制度
    China
    Taiwan
    the PRC
    the ROC
    Cross-Strait Relations
    Social Constructivism
    Liberalization
    Democratization
    National Identities
    National Interests
    Institutions
    日期: 2010
    上传时间: 2016-05-09 15:45:44 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本研究的目的在於分析國家認同(身分)，對於中國和臺灣之間所謂「國與國」關係的影響。兩岸關係的和暖始於１９７０及１９８０年代末期開始的「自由化」與「民主化」過程，這提供了雙方交流的機會，特別是在１９８７年中華民國政府開放經貿和民間交流，如一般民眾赴大陸探親。更重要的是，當臺灣的一黨專政消逝後，臺灣人民以民主改革重塑了政治環境，而這種民主改革也使臺灣政治產生了新的變化。

    本研究認為，就「自由化」與「民主化」的過程而言，不僅是甚於政權的移轉，而且也包括某些政治之外的因素改變了意識形態，最明顯的因素即是經濟。自從１９７９年兩岸的軍事衝突結束後，雖然雙方並未建立有效且特久的和平機制，但在此時期，兩岸都經歷了一些社會自由化及著重經濟發展的政策變化。本文將透過三個焦點問題以理解「自由化」、「民主化」與兩岸之間的關係：

    i.兩岸於１９７０年代後期及１９８０年代，在個別強人領導之下，國家認同（身分）的影響為何？
    ii.這些發展在兩個中國實體的內部如何影響兩岸關係？
    iii.未來兩岸如何調整政策以促進和暖的局勢？

    本文將採用溫特的社會建構論做為研究的理論框架，亦即建構主義中的三個Ｉ：認同（身分）、利益和制度。以社會建構論應用在兩岸關係上是有其意義的，同時也顧及了國際關係理論做為一種積累式學科的特殊性。根據社會建構論指出，國家認同（身分）是透過文化規則以塑造，如１９８０年代臺灣人民對於民主的認知，及１９７０年代之後中國自由化的過程，都是其政治文化的一部分。因此，國家認同（身分）在以利益為驅動的國際關係下，必須以「國與國」的關係所取代。本文將以１９７０－８０年代兩岸關係做為案列，解釋國家認同（身分）在「國與國」的關係中的使用。
    The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the state identity in the state-to-state relations of mainland China and Taiwan. Following the ‘liberalization’ process on the mainland in the late 1970s and Taiwan’s ‘democratization’ of the 1980s, a thawing of relations between the PRC and the ROC was effected. The subsequent exchange between both sides of the Taiwan Strait has included such important changes as the ROC government’s lifting of travel and trade-related restrictions to mainland China in 1987. More importantly, when one-party rule was lifted the people of Taiwan were given the chance to shape the political landscape with the help of democratic reforms which gave a new substance to the political nature of the exchange.

    The focal point of this study will be the argument that the ‘democratization’ and the ‘liberalization’ processes on both sides is not only because of the regime change but also the ideological shift caused by a number of extra-political factors, most notably economic factors. Although no effective mechanism for long-lasting peace has been established in Cross-Strait Relations since the end of the militarized disputes between the PRC and the ROC in 1979, this period also witnessed a shift in policy towards social liberalization along with an increased emphasis on economic development on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. I will approach the relationship between ‘democratization’ or ‘liberalization’ and Cross-Strait Relations through three focal questions:
    i.How has it been the effect of state identity in the late 1970s and 1980s in China and in Taiwan under their respective leaderships?
    ii.How did these developments within the two Chinese entities affect relations across the Taiwan Strait?
    iii.How will both sides modify their policies in the future to create circumstances more conducive to reconciliation with the other side?

    I intend to use Wendt`s Social Constructivist theory as the theoretical framework of the research on the basis of “3 I’s of Social Constructivism”, namely ‘Identity, Interest and Institution’. The application of Social Constructivism as an International Relations theory to Cross-Strait Relations aims to be relevant and persuasive considering the ad hoc –event driven– characteristic of International Relations as a discipline being accumulative. In Social Constructivism, state identities shape through the cultural norms, such as the Taiwanese perception of democracy as part of its own political culture in the early 1980s and the liberalization process of China from the late 1970s onwards. The state identity, therefore, makes room for the state-to-state relations under the International Relations driven by the national interest. The effect of the state identity in the state-to-state relations in the case study of Cross-Strait Relations, in the late 1970s and in the late 1980s respectively, will be comprehensively subjected to examination in my research.
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     “Chinese, U.S. presidents hold telephone talks on Taiwan, Tibet.” Xinhua Net, March 27, 2008.
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     Gollust, David. “US says Taiwanese President’s Independence Remarks ‘Unhelpful’.” Voice of America News, March 5, 2007.
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     Ting, Hoon. “Taiwan Must Cut out the Middleman.” Taipei Times, Friday, Jun 05, 2009.
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     “Hu Jintao hui jian Xiao Wanchang jiu Liangan jingji jiaoliu hezuo jiaohuan yijian” (胡锦涛会见萧万长 就两岸经济交流合作交换意见, Hu Jintao meets Vincent Siew; Exchange opinions on Cross-Strait economic exchange and co-operation). Xinhua News Agency, April 12, 2008.
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     “Tigao renshi kanqing weihai bawo zhengce weihu wending” (提高认识 看清危害 把握政策 维护稳定, Enhance Knowledge; See Clearly the Harm; Hold on to Policies; Maintain Stability). People’s Daily, July 23, 1999.
     “Wu Nuobeier dezhu Ma zai pao Liangan hu bu fouren” (晤諾貝爾得主 馬再拋兩岸互不否認, Meeting Nobel laureates, Ma again speaks of mutual non-denial). Liberty Times, April 19, 2008. http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2008/new/apr/19/today-p3.htm.

    Popular magazines:
     Dusen, Henry P. Van “China’s Crisis: The Future Peace of the U.S. and the World Depends upon the Outcome of an ‘Irreconcilable Conflict’,” Life Magazine, September 2, 1946, 36-37.
     Ramzy, Austin. “Who Shot Chen Shuibian?.” Time, March 14, 2005. http://www.time.com.
     Snyder, Jack. “One World, Rival Theories.” Foreign Policy, Nov/Dec 2004, 52-62.
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    Conference Papers:
     Acharya, Amitav. “International Relations Theory and Cross-Strait Relations.” Paper presented at The International Forum on Peace and Security in the Taiwan Strait. Taipei, Taiwan, July 26-28, 1999.
    http://www.taiwansecurity.org/IS/Acharya-International-Relations-Theory-and-Cross-Strait-Relations.htm.
     Maliniak, Daniel, Amy Oakes, Susan Peterson, and Michael J. Tierney. “The International Relations Discipline, 1980-2006.” Paper prepared for the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago, Illinois, August/ September 2007.
    http://irtheoryandpractice.wm.edu/projects/trip/TRIP.pdf.

    Theses:
     Ergenç, Ceren. “Chinese Nation-Building and Sun Yatsen: A Study on 1911 Revolution in China.” M.S. Thesis in International Relations submitted to the Graduate School of Social Sciences of Middle East Technical University. Ankara, Turkey, August 2005.

    Online Resources:
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     http://www.ccsenet.org
     http://www.ait.org.tw/en
     http://www.mac.gov.tw/
     http://www.gio.gov.tw/
     http://www.irtheory.com/know.htm.
     http://www.etaiwannews.com
     http://www.fljs.org
     http://en.epochtimes.com/
     http://www.archive.org
     http://www.sef.org.tw/
     http://www.gwytb.gov.cn
     http://www.crisisgroup.org
     http://www.people.com.cn/
     http://book.kanunu.cn/
     http://en.wikisource.org/
     http://www.time.com/
     http://www.president.gov.tw/
     http://english.peopledaily.com.cn
     http://www.voanews.com/
     http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/
     http://www.wto.org/english/
     http://www.imf.org/
     http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/trad
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     http://news.xinhuanet.com/
     http://www.gov.cn
     http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/
     http://www.chinapost.com.tw
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     http://newton.uor.edu/
     http://apdl.kcc.hawaii.edu/~taiwan/
     http://business.timesonline.co.uk/
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    外交學系
    95253035
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095253035
    数据类型: thesis
    显示于类别:[外交學系] 學位論文

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