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    题名: 數值高程模型誤差偵測之研究
    Study on error detection methods for digital elevation models
    作者: 林永錞
    Lin, Yung Chun
    贡献者: 何維信
    林永錞
    Lin, Yung Chun
    关键词: 數值高程模型
    誤差偵測
    參數統計法
    坡度與變化約制
    水流方向矩陣
    digital elevation model
    error detection
    parametric statistical method
    constrained slope and change
    flow direction matrix
    日期: 2009
    上传时间: 2016-05-09 15:40:30 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 摘要
    本研究主要利用誤差偵測方法發掘數值高程模型中可能出現的高程誤差，藉以提升數值高程模型之高程品質。本研究採用三種誤差偵測方法即參數統計、水流方向矩陣、坡度與變化約制等，這三種方法過去是應用在航測資料測製之格網式數值高程模型，本研究嘗試推廣至空載光達製作的數值高程模型。
    利用模擬DEM資料以驗證三種偵測方法之偵測能力。首先利用多項式函數擬合出各種地形，並假設該地形無誤差。再將人為誤差隨機加入模擬DEM資料；第二部份則將誤差偵測之方法應用至真實的數值高程模型資料，並配合檢核點高程測量檢驗之。根據誤差偵測結果，參數統計和坡度變化結果類似而且皆有過度偵測之缺點，可透過提高門檻值或高通濾波改善；水流方向矩陣比較不適合誤差偵測，但可透過窪地填平最佳化地形。

    關鍵字：數值高程模型、誤差偵測、參數統計法、坡度與變化約制、水流方向矩陣。
    Abstract
    In this study, error detection methods were proposed to find possible elevation errors in digital elevation model (DEM), and to improve the quality of DEM. Three methods were employed to detect errors in the study, i.e. parametric statistical method, flow direction matrix, and constrained slope and change. These methods can deal with grid DEM from photogrammetric approach in the past, and now the methods are used to find errors in high resolution DEM from light detection and ranging (LIDAR).
    The simulated DEMs were used to approve the detection capability of the proposed methods. The fitted DEMs were first obtained by polynomial functions fit the different terrains and assuming these DEMs were free of errors. Then the artificial errors were added to fitted DEMs. The proposed methods were also applied to real DEM data got from LIDAR and field check works were run to insure the results. The results of parametric statistical method and constrained slope and change are similar, and all show the over-detection of errors. These results can be improved by using high threshold or high-pass filter. Flow direction matrix is not suitable for error detection in DEM, but can be applied to fill sink to optimize terrain for watershed analysis.

    Keyword: digital elevation model, error detection, parametric statistical method, constrained slope and change, flow direction matrix.
    參考文獻: 參考文獻
    ㄧ、中文部份
    王蜀嘉、曾義星，2003，「高精度及高解析度數值地形模型測製規範研究報告」，內政部地政司衛星測量中心。
    石宏揚、史天元，1997，「八掌溪流域農委會40公尺DEM之誤差探討」，土木水利，24（3）：46-55。
    何心瑜，2006，『空載光達作業流程及品質管理之研究』。國立交通大學土木工程研究所碩士論文：新竹。
    李志林、朱慶，2008，『數字高程模型』，第三版，武漢：武漢大學出版社。
    李德仁、袁修孝，2002，『誤差處理和可靠性分析』，第一版，武漢：武漢大學出版社。
    周啟鳴、劉學軍，2006，『數字地形分析』，初版，北京：科學出版社。
    林承毅，2004，「空載雷射掃資料產生數值高程模型之研究」，國立高雄應用科技大學土木工程與防災科技研究所碩士論文：高雄。
    林惠玲、陳正倉，2006，『應用統計學』，第三版，台北：雙葉書廊。
    陳威誠，2004，「由光達覆蓋模型萃取數值高程模型之研究」，國立交通大學土木工程研究所碩士論文：新竹。
    彭淼祥，2005，「空載光達產生數值高程模型及精度評估」，國立交通大學土木工程研究所博士論文：新竹。
    曾清涼、儲慶美，1999，『GPS衛星測量原理與應用』，第二版，台南：成大衛星資訊研究中心。
    湯國安、楊昕，2006，『地理信息系統空間分析實驗教程』，第三版，北京：科學 出版社。
    楊善智，2007，「數值高程模型(DEM)之品質評估」，國立成功大學測量及空間資訊研究所碩士論文：台南。
    劉進金、史天元、蕭國鑫，2005，「空載光達數值地形之水系分析初步探討」，台灣地理資訊學會年會暨學術研討會論文集。
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    二、英文部分
    Albanl, M., and Kllnkenberg, B., 2003, “A Spatial Filter for the Removal of Striping Artifacts in Digital Elevation Models”, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 69(7): 755-765.
    Bolstad, P. V., 1994, “An Evaluation of DEM Accuracy: Elevation, Slope, and Aspect”, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 60(11): 1327-1332.
    Carlisle, H. B., 2005, “Modeling the Spatial Distribution of DEM Error”, Transactions in GIS, 9(4): 521-540.
    Felicisimo, A. M., 1994, “Parametric Statistical Method for Error Detection in Digital Elevation Models”, International Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 49(4): 29-33.
    Fisher, P., 1998, “Improved Modeling of Elevation Error with Geostatistics”, GeoInformatica. 2: 215-233.
    Fisher, P., 2006, “Causes and Consequences of Error in Digital Elevation Models”, Progress in Physical Geography, 30(4): 467-489.
    Florinsky, I. V, 1998, “Accuracy of Local Topographic Variables Derived From Digital Elevation Models”, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 12(1): 47-61.
    Gao, J., 1997, “Resolution and Accuracy of Terrain Representation by Grid DEMs at a Micro-scale”, International Journal of Geographical Information Science 11(2): 199-212.
    Gong, J., U, Z., Zhu, Q., Sul, H., and Zhou, Y., 2000, “Effects of Various Factors on the Accuracy of DEMs: An Intensive Experimental Investigation”, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 66(9): 1113-1117.
    Hannah, M. J., 1981, “Error Detection and Correction in Digital Terrain Models”, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 47(1): 63-69.
    Hengl, T., Gruber S., and Shrestha D. P., 2004, “Reduction of Errors in Digital Terrain Parameters Used in Soil-landscape Modeling”, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 5(2): 97-112.
    Holmes, K.W., Chadwick O.A., and Kyriakidis P.C., 2000, “Error in a USGS 30-meter Digital Elevation Model and Its Impact on Terrain Modeling”, Journal of Hydrology, 223: 154-173.
    Jenson, S. K. and Domingue, J. O., 1988, “Extracting Topographic Structure from Digital Elevation Data for Geographic Information System Analysis”, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 54(11): 1593-1600.
    Kraus, K. and Pfeifer, N., 2006, “Local Accuracy Measures for DTM”, The Photogrammetric Record. 21(116): 342-354.
    Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., and Maguire, D. J., and Rhind, D. W., 2005, Geographical Information Systems and Science, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Martz, L. W., and Garbrecht, J., 1998, “The Treatment of Flat Areas and Depressions in Automated Drainage Analysis of Raster Digital Elevation Models”, Hydrologic Processes, 12(6): 843-855.
    O’Callaghan, J. F., and Mark, D. M, 1984, “The extraction of drainage networks from digital elevation data”, Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, (28):323-344.
    Tarboton, D. G., Bras, R. L. and Rodriguez I., 1991, “On the Extraction of Channel Networks from Digital Elevation Data”, Hydrologic Processes, 5(1): 81-100.
    Wang, L. and Liu H., 2006, “An Efficient Method for Identifying and Filling Surface Depressions in Digital Elevation Models for Hydrologic Analysis and Modeling”, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(2): 193-213.
    Wood, J. D. and Peter F., 1993, “Assessing Interpolation Accuracy in Elevation Models”, IEEE Computer Graphics & Application, 13(2): 48-56.
    Zandbergen, P. A., 2008, “Positional Accuracy of Spatial Data: Non-Normal Distributions and a Critique of the National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy”, Transactions in GIS, 12(1): 101-130.
    Zhou, Q., Liu, X., and Sun, Y., 2006, “Terrain complexity and Uncertainties in grid-based digital terrain analysis”, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(10): 1137-1147.
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    地政學系
    96257023
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096257023
    数据类型: thesis
    显示于类别:[地政學系] 學位論文

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