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    Title: 我國庇護性就業及其相關服務之探討─兼論身心障礙者權益保障法之影響
    Authors: 周佳穎
    Contributors: 劉梅君
    周佳穎
    Keywords: 庇護性就業
    庇護工場
    職業輔導評量
    身心障礙者權益保障法
    Date: 2009
    Issue Date: 2016-05-09 12:36:11 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 庇護性就業作為身心障礙者就業的多元選擇之一,這項就業服務在歐美國家施行了一世紀已久,目前尤其以心智障礙者為此服務的主要使用者,各國文獻均對於推動庇護性就業的利弊有所探討,但究竟應淘汰或保留庇護性就業措施,至今仍未有一致共識,而基於不同的原則精神與哲學觀點,歐洲與美國在庇護性就業服務上也發展出相異的經驗軌跡。我國對於庇護性就業服務的概念,早期多停留在社福組織與身障者之間的服務關係,在身心障礙者權益保障法通過之後,才確立將庇護工場定位為一般營業場所,也是身心障礙者的正式就業場所,存有勞資關係。同時,職業輔導評量服務也成為身心障礙者是否能擁有庇護性就業員工資格以進入庇護工場的重要機制,代表在身權法通過以後,職業輔導評量在庇護性就業職場的運用上,也有相當程度的責任加重。
    有鑒庇護性就業及其相關服務在我國正處於發展變動之際,本研究期待以歐美國家的發展經驗作為我國參考,並針對庇護性就業及其相關服務運作中的重要代表:雇主(庇護工場代表)、職業輔導評量人員(職評服務代表)以及主管機關(地方勞政代表)進行深入訪談研究,以三者觀點瞭解現階段我國庇護性就業及其相關服務現況、問題,以及未來挑戰。
    身心障礙者權益保障法的通過對於庇護工場、職業輔導評量與地方勞政主管機關三方面都造成相當影響,研究發現如下:
    1.庇護工場方面:(一)由民間機構辦理庇護工場立案的阻礙與困難,使服務單位在申辦過程中遭受不少挫折。(二)生產與營利導向衝擊服務使命,更鮮明地強化了勞方與資方的對立關係。(三)對庇護性就業者的就業能力篩選,使庇護工場逐漸傾向提高服務對象的職能要求。
    2.職業輔導評量方面:(一)職業輔導評量成為進/出庇護性就業職場的重要服務機制,若身心障礙者若就業能力上已不適任原職場,經職評結果認定後,職場可免除其資遣義務。(二)職業輔導評量與庇護性就業職場的互信關係仍需加強。職評人員有時會遭受庇護性就業服務方的質疑,原因多半出在不信任職評服務的專業判斷,也認為職評報告可受人為影響刻意操控。
    3.地方主管機關方面:(一)身權法的施行也讓地方勞政機機主動投入更多公共資源設立庇護性就業職場,並更積極研擬未來的相關配套措施。(二)另一方面,也加強了對庇護性就業職場在管理經營技能與資源的導入。
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    4.邱滿艷(2007),我國各地方政府推動身心障礙這就業概貌,就業安全,第一期,行政院勞委會職業訓練局。頁78-83。
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    9.吳秀照(2007),身心障礙者就業需求與就業政策。台北:雙葉書廊有限公司。
    10.周惠玲、唐昌豪(2007),由身心障礙者權益保障法修訂,談庇護工場的回顧與展望。就業安全,第二期,行政院勞委會職業訓練局。
    11.馬愷之(2004),德國庇護工場政策及發展趨勢,行政院勞委會職業訓練局。
    12.陳怡如(1998),喜憨兒也是快樂上班族-台灣心智障礙者就業現況之探討。國立台灣大學新聞研究所碩士論文。
    13.郭芳嫻(2004),日本身心障礙者就業服務相關制度考察暨與事業體合作發展之庇護工場運作服務模式參訪-考察報告。臺北市政府。
    14.張幼慈(2004),我國身心障礙者就業保障之研究-以定額進用制度為例。國立政治大學勞工研究所碩士論文。
    15.趙麗華(1993),臺灣地區實施智障者支持性就業模式之現況及其相關問題之探討。台北:台灣師範大學特殊教育學研究所碩士論文。
    16.劉佳琪(2005),從喜憨兒事件看智障者就業的困境。推波引水,第46期,頁11。
    17.藍介洲(2003),生產與保護-台北市中重度視覺障礙者庇護性就業服務之探究。國立台灣大學社會工作研究所碩士論文。
    18. 魏仕哲(2000),我國身心障礙者就業政策之研究。國立政治大學勞工研究所碩士論文。

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    政府統計資料
    1.內政部統計處,內政統計通報,身心障礙者人數統計。
    參考網址:http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/week.aspx
    2.行政院勞委會(2006),身心障礙者庇護工場及庇護性就業狀況調查報告。
    參考網址:http://opendoor.evta.gov.tw/attachment_file/0007111/9509%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E5%B7%A5%E5%A0%B4%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E8%AA%AA%E6%98%8E.doc
    3.行政院勞委會(2008),97年立案庇護工場名冊。(資料建置時間:97/10/07)
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    勞工研究所
    94262025
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094262025
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[勞工研究所] 學位論文

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