政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/94834

政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/94834

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题名:	從超脫之理論與實踐看艾克哈特之密契主義 The Theory and Practice of Detachment in Meister
作者:	黃恩鄰 Huang, En-Lin
贡献者:	蔡彥仁黃恩鄰 Huang,En-Lin
关键词:	密契主義艾克哈特密契經驗超脫 mysticism mystical experience Meister Eckhart detachment
日期:	2008
上传时间:	2016-05-09 11:57:20 (UTC+8)
摘要:	不同於過去將密契經驗侷限於一特殊意識狀態的經驗，本文試圖從艾克哈特關於超脫的觀點來說明密契主義和其經驗的形式如何受到其社會與時代背景所影響。過去學者的研究說明艾克哈特關於超脫的概念，是其形而上學和密契主義的核心。但超脫此一概念不僅是密契主義中用以顯示辯證法和否性神學的形而上概念，從艾克哈特的德文著作中我們還可以發現該辭彙的產生與其所面對的聽眾和當下的信仰情境息息相關。艾克哈特將信徒在信仰操作上所遇到的困境和壓力視為一種苦難的來源，因而以童貞婦人的形象要求信徒應當轉而重視信仰的態度，以超脫的態度在入世或既有的宗教生活中實踐其信仰，最後達到沒有原因的生活與意志的貧乏。艾克哈特關於超脫所建構出來的密契經驗有著與其時代相關社會的、實踐的或倫理學上的生成因。此外，透過對 Gezücken 等辭彙的探討，我們發現超脫一概念包含著形而上學、倫理學和密契的不同層次。這些層次說明了艾克哈特對密契經驗的概念並指導他的聽眾如何正確的對待自己的宗教經驗。超脫因而是艾克哈特密契經驗的主題，實踐和內容。我們因而可以說，在艾克哈特的範例中，密契主義及其經驗具有不同層面，並且如同史蒂芬卡茲所說，是一種處在宗教、文化等生活實境中所建構的經驗形式。 By studying the concept of "Detachment" of Meister Eckhart, this article presents that the forms of mysticism and mystical experience are influenced and restricted by its own social and religious contexts. According to previous studies of scholars, the idea of "Detachment" is a central and metaphysical idea of Meister Eckhart`s Mysticism. However, the idea of "Detachment" is not only a concept that contents neoplatonical idea of dialectic and negative theology but also a concept that responds to its contemporary religious trends which we can find in Eckhart`s German works. Eckhart considered the heavy pressure of religious practices as sufferings and persuaded his audiences to concentrate on their own detached attitudes instead. He suggested that the life of detachment was a model of "virgin wife" that presented purest religious life in the normal daily life, and the purpose was to live without a why and to reach spiritual poverty. The mysticism of Meister Eckhart, which has "detachment" as its central idea, therefore has its social, practical, and ethical causes. Meanwhile, by studying the concept of Gezücken, we found that the idea of "Detachment" is a concept combined with metaphysical, ethical, and mystical layers. These layers presents in Eckhart`s discourse about mystical experience and direct his audiences to treat their religious experiences with correct attitudes. "Detachment" therefore is both the main theme, the criteria, and the content of Eckhart`s idea of mystical experiences. We can finally conclude that, like Steven Katz`s theory, in the situation of Meister Eckhart the mystical experience is a experience formulated by its own religious and cultural situations, a experience that "Sitz im Leben".
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Berard L. Marthaler, O.F.M.Conv., S.T.D., Ph.D. 8:350-355. Gale: Catholic University of America Press. 2002. François, M. "Vienne, Council of", in The New Catholic Encyclopedia, Second Edition. ed. Berard L. Marthaler, O.F.M.Conv., S.T.D., Ph.D. 14:489-491. Gale: Catholic University of America Press. 2002. Chaucer, Geoffrey, The Canterbury Tales. London: Penguin Books, 1958. Ivry, Alfred L. "The Guide and Maimonides` Philosophical Sources" in The Cambridge Companion to Maimonides. ed. Kenneth Seeskin. 58-81. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2005. Marenbon, John. Later Medieval Philosophy (1150-1350): An Introduction. New York: Routledge & K. Paul, 1991. -------- . Medieval Philosophy. New York: Routledge, 1998. Maurer, Armand A. Medieval Philosophy. Canada: Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, 1982. Mantzaridis, George. "Spiritual Life in Palamism" in Christian Spirituality: High Middle Ages and Reformation. Ed. Jill Raitt. 208-222. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1987. McKenna, O. "Councils of Lyons." in The New Catholic Encyclopedia, Second Edition. ed. Berard L. Marthaler, O.F.M.Conv., S.T.D., Ph.D. 8:906-908. Gale: Catholic University of America Press. 2002. Mundy, John H. Europe in the High Middle Ages 1150 - 1309. New York: Longman Inc, 1991. Nagel, Thomas. "Ethics" in Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2nd Edition. ed. Donald M. Borchert. 3:379-394 Mew York: Thomas Gale, 2005. Price, B. B., Medieval Thought: An introduction. Cambridge, Mass.: B. Blackwell. 1991. Ricoeur, Paul. Hermeneutics & the Human Sciences. trans. John B. Thompson. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982. Southern, R. W. Medieval Humanism. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Publisher Limited. 1970. Standaert, Nicolas. Methodology in View of Contact Between Cultures: The China Case in the 17th Century. HK: Center for the Study of Religion and Chinese Society. 2002. Taylor, Henry Osborn. The Mediaeval Mind: A History of The Development of Thought and Emotion in The Middle Ages. Mass.: Harvard University Press. 163 引用書目 1959. Wulf, M. de. 1956. An Introduction to Scholastic Philosophy, Medieval and Modern: Scholasticism Old and New. New York: Dover Publications. 1956. Zinn, Grover A. "The Religious World of the Twelfth Century: IV. The Regular Canons" in in Christian Spirituality: Origins to the Twelfth Century. ed. Bernard McGinn and John Meyendorff. 218 - 228. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1986. 中文著作與翻譯 Copleston, Fredekick，《西洋哲學史卷二：奧古斯丁到斯考特》，莊雅棠譯，台北：黎明文化，1998。 Durant, Will，《世界文明史 12：黑暗時代與十字軍東征》，幼獅文化編譯，台北：幼獅文化，1995。 --------，《世界文明史 13：基督教巔峰的文明》，幼獅文化編譯，台北：幼獅文化， 1995。 Foucault, Michel，《必須保衛社會》，錢翰譯，上海：上海人民出版社，1999。 Heidegger, Martin，〈形而上學是什麼？〉，《路標》，118-141，孫周興譯，北京：商務印書館，2004。 --------，〈《形而上學是什麼？》後記〉，《路標》，352-365，孫周興譯，北京：商務印書館，2004。 Hertling, Ludwig，《天主教史》，王維賢譯，台南：徵祥出版社，1965。 Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty，《後殖民理性批判》，張君玫譯，台北：國力編譯館， 2005。 Weber, Max，《宗教社會學》，康樂、簡惠美譯，台北：遠流，1993。 --------，《新教倫理與資本主義精神》，于曉、陳維綱譯，台北：唐山出版社，1991。陶弘景，《新譯養性延命錄》，台北：三民，1997
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