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Title: | 從美國違憲審查反多數決理論,看終局釋憲法官選任程序 |
Authors: | 林超駿 Lin, Chao-Chun |
Contributors: | 法治斌 Fa, Zhi-Bin 林超駿 Lin, Chao-Chun |
Keywords: | 反多數決 釋憲法官 法官選任 Counter-majoritarian Constitutional judge Selection procedure |
Date: | 1995 |
Issue Date: | 2016-04-28 15:19:22 (UTC+8) |
Abstract: | 從比較法觀點,有關釋憲法官的選任制度正如釋憲制度般,陸離璀璨、五彩繽紛各有不同。有關釋憲制度之研究,國內文獻汗牛充棟著述甚夥,惟對於釋憲法官選任制度之檢討,卻鮮見學者著墨。其實,有關釋憲法官選任方式之研究亦甚重要,因為司法違憲審查制度能否發揮其應有功能,以及釋憲法院能否公正、中立且有力地扮演司法權應有之角色,端視職司釋憲的法官素質之良寙。抑且,有關憲法案件爭議不同於一般法律案件,因頗富政治性,條文又極為概括抽像,故亟需有智慧且具膽識的人擔崗其事。是故,如何設計一個合理的釋憲法官選任制度,便牽涉綦廣,非三言兩語所可究竟!以研究美國式的釋憲法官選任制度,也就是由總統行使提名權再經由國會同意之人事任命制度,作為全篇論文之主軸。之所以如此,其原因有二:第一,美國制度是世界上相類制度中歷史最悠久者,卻鮮少其它法律先進國家效顰,因此有必要探究其原因為何。第二,我國制度大體上源自美國制度,因此發生或存在美制之問題,均極有可能於我國出現翻版。特別是國民大會於民國八十三年夏天對第六屆大法官行使同意權時,若干問題也隱然出現。因此,如能徹底認識美式釋憲法官任命度,相信定有助於未來可能發生問題之解決。 "第一章 緒論..........1
一、研究動機與範圍..........1
(一)研究動機..........1
(二)研究範圍..........1
二、問題之源起..........2
(一)司法違憲審查制度之「正當性」與「反多數決困難」提出..........2
(二)司法違憲審查制度「正當性」與釋憲法官之選任..........3
三、研究前提與步驟..........5
(一)研究前提..........5
(二)研究步驟..........6
四、幾個專有名詞說明..........8
第二章 美國式釋憲法官選任制度法制史之回顧..........13
一、前言..........13
二、制度源起-美國憲政史之回顧..........14
(一)殖民時期政府官員之任命..........15
(二)邦聯條款時期..........16
(三)制憲時之辯論..........20
三、問題分析..........24
(一)美國現行制度有其創設之初特殊之時空背景..........24
(二)未區分行政官員與司法官員之不同而採相同之任命程序..........29
(三)似未考慮司法違憲審查制度之本質及功能與選任制度之關係..........31
四、小結..........35
第三章 美國式釋憲法官選任制度理論上之探討—從司法違憲查制度「反多數決困難」本質觀之..........43
一、前言..........43
二、總統提名權之行使與司法違憲審查制度功能及正當性提昇上之鑿枘..........45
(一)總統行使提名權時,往往以被提名人之政府治立場與意識型態是否一致,作為最主要提名依據..........46
(二)由總統行使提名權,不同黨派者鮮有被提名機會,最高法院能否出現「智慧多元」,端視總統個人作為..........52
(三)由總統職司提名權之行使,被提名人選未來「投票模式」(pettern)可被精準預測—幾個被誤解的著例..........56
(四)一點反省..........59
三、國會行使同意權部份..........59
(一)由國會行使同意權理論上之問題..........60
(二)國會行使同意權實務上之幾個問題..........66
四、釋憲法官之資格及任期部份..........71
五、小結..........74
第四章 我國大法官選任制度的幾個問題—從大法官任期、司法院定位與中央政府體制觀之..........83
一、前言..........83
二、我國現行司法院大法官選任制度之再認識..........84
(一)現行選任制度基本上不脫美國原制之窠臼..........84
(二)現行制度係將「分散式」之法官選任方式適用於「集中式」之釋憲制度上..........86
三、研究我國現行大法官選任制度的重要困難及相關問題..........88
(一)二項困難..........88
(二)四項問題..........91
四、改進之道..........98
(一)問題之再認識..........98
(二)未來修改之二大原則..........99
(三)具體改革方向..........102
五、小結..........108
第五章結論..........121
釋憲法官選任制度亦是特定社會歷史文化背下之產物..........121
參考書目..........127
一、中文部份..........127
二、英文部份..........131 |
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Description: | 碩士 國立政治大學 法律學系 81251001 |
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Data Type: | thesis |
Appears in Collections: | [法律學系] 學位論文
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