| Abstract: | 意志法（volitive expression）意謂說話者的意志或意圖的表現方式，與說話者的心理與想法息息相關，因此包含了文法和語用的領域，用法上也就變得複雜難懂。意志用法在韓語裡有多種形態，包含常見的겠, ㄹ게(요), ㄹ래(요) , ㄹ 것이다, 려고 하다, 고자 하다…等，這些句型有相似卻又不能混用之處，但韓語教材中並未適切說明，幾乎都是以‘意志、意圖’一語帶過，再加上對應之中文意志用法（想要、想、要、會、來）的多樣性，導致台灣的韓語學習者常常混用或誤用。例如，下面5個句子的異同何在，與中文的對應如何？以及這些句型各自的用法差異何在？如(2)的‘ㄹ 게’在語法和語用上有何不同，以及與中文對應的問題等，都是本文探討的重點。 (1) a. 나는 주스를 마시겠어요. →表意志 我要喝果汁 b. 나는 주스를 마실게요. →表意志、與聽者正面的約定 我要/來喝果汁 c. 나는 주스를 마실래요. →表意志或意圖 我要/想要喝果汁 d. 나는 주스를 마실 거예요. →表計畫或意志 我要/會喝果汁 e. 나는 주스를 마시려고 해요. →表意志或意圖 我要/想要喝果汁 (2) a. 그 일은 내가 할게요. →表意志、與聽者正面的約定 那件事我來做 b. 나는 그 과자를 먹을게요. →表意志 我要吃那個餅乾 c. 내일 일찍 올게요. →表通知 明天我會早點來 本文以內容分析和調查研究為主，內容分析主要以語意和文法機能為重點做比較，試圖找出語意和文法使用上的異同；問卷調查以政大的韓語系學生和以韓語系為輔系的他系學生為對象，分為兩階段施測，第一階段直接施測，第二階段則在施測前做簡要的重點提醒，最後分析整理其誤用情形及兩階段的差異，並試著提出教育方案。希望藉由這樣的比較分析，可以讓台灣的韓語學習者更正確使用意志法，特別是翻譯的對應上，能依照情境及語法上的不同來區別使用，此外，也希望能提供韓語教授者(尤其是非大學教授的韓語講師)一些可參考的指標。
mindset. Therefore this expression includes grammatical and linguistic use; it’s usage become complicated for learners. The expression of willingness, in Krean idioms, includes many forms, such as겠, ㄹ게(요), ㄹ래(요) , ㄹ 것이다, 려고 하다, 고자 하다. These patterns are similar but in fact are not allowed to be used interchangeably. However, most Korean language textbooks do not explain the differentiation. Instead they ambiguously mentions that volitive expression is just a form of willingness or intention. In addition, the corresponding Chinese of volitive expression includes diversified forms such as “want to, eager to, will, be going to.” All these confusions lead to the wrongfully mixing use of volitive expression in learning Korean language in Taiwan. The following five sentences this research’s emphasis on the differentiations among them, corresponding Chinese translation, and unique usage for each sentence pattern. For example, sentence 2 illustrates the grammatical and usage differentiations and its corresponding Chinese translation. (1) a. 나는 주스를 마시겠어요. →expression of willingness 我要喝果汁 b. 나는 주스를 마실게요. →expression with a positive agreement with learners 我要/來喝果汁 c. 나는 주스를 마실래요. →expression of willingness or intention 我要/想要喝果汁 d. 나는 주스를 마실 거예요. → (expression of plan or willingness 我要/會喝果汁 e. 나는 주스를 마시려고 해요.→expression of willingness or intention 我要/想要喝果汁 (2) a. 그 일은 내가 할게요. →expression with a positive agreement with learners 那件事我來做 b. 나는 그 과자를 먹을게요. →expression of willingness 我要吃那個餅乾 c. 내일 일찍 올게요. →expression of notice 明天我會早點來 This paper applies content analysis and investigative study to test the misuse of most Chinese learners. The content analysis is to compare the semantic and grammar so as to illustrate the differentiations. The investigative study, based on the survey of Korean language major and minor students at National Chengchi University, applies two-stage tests. The first stage is direct test without prior notice. The second stage is to remind learners of volitive exression prior to tests. By summarizing two-stage surveys, this paper contributes to enhance the correct usage of volitive expression in different context based on individual situation and grammar. It also helps Korean language teachers who are not faculties in college to have a useful reference. |
