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    题名: 新產品發展過程之資源配置與績效之關係--以我國製造業為例
    The relation between resources allocation of NPD process and performance--for Taiwan manufacturing firms
    作者: 鍾志明
    Chung, Chih-ming
    贡献者: 賴士葆
    吳豐祥
    Lai, S.B.
    Wu, F.S.
    鍾志明
    Chung, Chih-ming
    关键词: 新產品
    新產品發展過程
    資源配置
    績效
    新產品策略
    New Product
    NPD process
    resources allocation
    performance
    new product strategy
    日期: 1998
    上传时间: 2016-04-20 16:47:54 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 　　Takeuchi與Nonaka (1986)的研究指出，新產品對利潤的貢獻由七十年代的四分之一提升至八十年代的三分之一；Haas(1989)則指出，在美國的製造業中，有40%的營收來自新產品的銷售，32%的利潤亦來自於新產品的貢獻新產品對利潤的貢獻；而國內相關研究也有類似的結果。雖然新產品的開發上市對公司的貢獻如此大，但相對上，新產品的失敗率也相當高；Booz，Allen 與 Hamilton(1982)估計消費品失敗率約30%，工業品約為40%；Edgett等(1992)調查在英國的本土與日本廠商，發現英國廠商的新產品失敗率為45.7%，日本為40.2%，並認為產品的失敗率三十年來沒有明顯的改善，若從創意的產生到上市評估，則失敗率更高(須滕文德，民80)。新產品發展過程之管理為新產品成功的重要因素之一，但過去文獻多僅及於新產品發展過程之完整性，對於新產品發展過程之資源配置的研究較少，影響資源配置型態之因素為何？以及資源配置型態與新產品發展績效之關係為何？此關係又將受那些情境因素影響？即為本研究的主要動機。
    The contribution of new product is more and more important for the growth of company today, but the rate of failure of new products is at least 30% (Booz, Allen and Hamilton, 1982; Edgett et al., 1992). There-fore, the management of new product development (NPD) process must be devoted more attention. There were many researches discussing NPD process, but it`s hard to find out the researches regarding the resources allocation of NPD process. Resources allocation is a important part of implementation of new product strategy. This study identifies three type of resources allocation of NPD process: Market-resources-load, Tech-nology-resources-load, Manufacturing-resources-load. In addition, the factors influencing the choice of the type of resources allocation includes: the degree of innovation of new product, the growth and the size of market demand, new product strategy, features of new product, available R&D resources, relative competitive advantage. According to the evaluation of respondents, the performance of Market-resources-load resources allocation is better than others, but this relation is contingent under different situations such as the degree of innovation of new product, features of new product, relative competitive advantage, the cost of developing new product.
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