| Abstract: | 本論文以「甲午戰爭詩諷諭性詩用研究」為題，旨在以甲午戰爭詩作整體性
考察，尋找這些詩篇眾多、詩人思想背景各異的共性，把他們聯繫起來的核心是
「士階層」共同心靈結構的普遍特徵，也就是「政教諷諭」。
我們透過「詩用」行為這種「諷諭意圖」的意向性所建立的甲午戰爭詩傳訊
模式，來探討甲午戰爭詩的意義，分別從三個向度「集體諷諭意識」、「諷諭類型
與詩史體現」、「諷諭書寫策略與目的」，離開文學本位的價值立場，從文學活動
所關係到的社會文化行為這個視域，去論述中國自古以來即普遍存在的「詩用」
現象；面對中國千年不曾遭遇的大變局甲午戰爭，知識階層的整體存在感是如何
？甲午戰爭詩人的「諷諭意圖」如何顯發？
基於此，「甲午世代」詩人在「集體諷諭意識」之下，所創製甲午戰爭詩的
深層思維方式是什麼？也就是要問的是他們繼承傳統士人階層的「諷諭性詩用模
式」為何？然後接著從作者創作意向性觀之，「甲午世代」作者繼承傳統士人階
層的「諷諭性詩用模式」創製甲午戰爭詩，即含「諷諭意圖」於其中，他們透過
戰爭詩書寫的社會文化行為，所欲發言的「諷諭動機」為何？又他們所欲發言的
「諷諭對象」為何？
所謂的「諷諭類型」，即是討論戰爭詩諷諭性的形式結構。什麼樣的戰爭詩
文本形式結構，可以讓讀者不僅讀到戰事的敘述，而且能體會到戰事敘述所欲指
涉的「諷諭意圖」所在？戰爭詩文本必須具備什麼樣的形式結構才能讓受言者體
會到這種意涵？而這樣的形式結構又可以分成幾種類型，各自導引的「諷諭意圖」
有什麼不同？黃遵憲與洪棄生兩位「甲午世代」詩人的作品被後人推崇為「詩史」。
那麼黃遵憲甲午戰紀之「詩史」體現為何？洪棄生臺灣戰紀「詩史」體現又為何？
至於，「諷諭書寫策略」要探討的是「甲午世代」詩人多在近體組詩的體製
上「直抒其情」；多在古體樂府體製上「敘事見意」；而沒有選擇特定的詩歌體製
上「比興寄託」。我們要問的是戰爭詩「直抒其情」、「敘事見意」、「比興寄託」
三種「諷諭書寫策略」，各自有什麼可操作的方式？能達到什麼效用？基於此，
要比較正確理解「甲午世代」詩人群體發言的真正目的，依靠的不僅是對詩歌語
言成規的掌握，更是在此基礎上，對諷諭書寫目的之「外語境」與「內語境」作
綜合的考慮。我們要問的是諷諭書寫目的之「外語境」為何？諷諭書寫目的之「內
語境」為何？我們對甲午戰爭詩內、外語境的綜合考察後，甲午世代群體「諷諭
性詩用」的文化行為現象，其發言最終「目的」又為何？f
The topic of this thesis is "The Use of Allegory in Poetry during the Sino-Japanese
War". The aim is to examine poetry created during the Sino-Japanese War period in a
consolidated manner, to discover the resemblance amongst the poems, as well as the
poets` varying ideologies and backgrounds. The core value of their unification is a
common feature amid the spirituality of the bachelor stratum, this is also known as the
"Allegory of Politics and Religion".
Through "Poetry Usage", an act of "Allegory Intention" which established a means of
poetry conveyance during the Sino-Japanese war period, we can explore the symbolic
meaning of the Sino-Japanese war poetry. From the three viewpoints of "collective
allegory awareness", "types of allegory and reflections on poetry history", "strategies
and objectives of allegory writing", we abandon the position based on literature values,
and take on the perspective of performing literature related social and cultural
activities, in order to evaluate the phenomenon of "Poetry Usage” that has had a
common presence in China since ancient times. In the face of a national turmoil that
China had never endured in a millennium, the Sino-Japanese war , what was the the
general sense of presence like for the intellectual stratum? How did the poets in the
Sino-Japanese war express their "Allegory Intention"?
Under the "collective allegory awareness", what approach of cogitation do poets from
the Sino-Japanese era take when creating poems? In other words, we`re exploring the
"manner of allegory use in poems", in which they inherited from the traditional
bachelor stratum. From the point of view of their intentions, when poets from the
Sino-Japanese war period create poems under the inherited "manner of allegory use in
poems", "allegory intentions" were included. The "motivation of allegory" presented
through the poets` work depicting social and cultural activities, as well as their
intended "allegory targets", are also investigated.
"Types of allegory writing" is used to discuss the structural formality of war poetry
allegory . We will discover the ways in which the war poetry texts were structured, to
not only illustrate the events of the war, but also to reveal the "allegory intention"
referred within the war event narrations. In what way should the war poetry texts be
structured so that the audience could comprehend the authors` implications? And how
can these poetry structures be categorized? How are the "allegory intention" led in by
each individual differentiated? Zun Xian Huang and Qi Shen Hong are two poets
from the Sino-Japanese war period, whose poems were well-respected and considered
to be the "poems of history". The manner in which both poets present their "poems of
history" are revealed in this thesis.
As for "allegory writing strategies", we explore the direct ways poets in the
Sino-Japanese war period express their emotions within their poems, which follow the
post-Tang dynasty format. The ways in which the poets narrate events with poems
which follow the pre-Tang dynasty format are also explored. Metaphorical and
symbolist poems that follow the poem-song format however, were not included. The
questions lies in the type of method each of the three "allegory writing strategies"
(emotion expression, event narration, metaphor and symbolism) was used, as well as
the effect they could cause. With that in mind, in order to truly understand the purpose
of the poets from the Sino-Japanese era when creating poems, one must not only
comprehend the rules of the poetic language, but also consider the "outer context" and
"inner comtext" within the purposes of allegory writing as a whole. We need to define
the "outer context" and "inner context" of allegory writing purposes. Following an
overall evaluation of outer and inner context, we will investigate the ultimate goal of
the social and cultural activities with "allegory poem usage", that were performed by
the group of poets from the Sino-Japanese war period. |
