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    題名: 強制地震保險法之立法研究
    其他題名: Studies on the Legislation of Compulsory Earthquake Insurance
    作者: 張冠群
    貢獻者: 法律學系
    日期: 2012
    上傳時間: 2016-04-12 15:40:13 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 2011年3月11 日，日本東北發生芮氏規模9.0強震，並引發海嘯。據估計，本次震災造成財產損失估計達約500億美元，相當於2010年全球因巨災保險所生保險理賠總額。同年2月，紐西蘭基督城發生芮氏規模6.1強震，亦造成30至50億美金之財產損失。對日本或紐西蘭而言，地震損失風險，對個人財產或產業而言，均係最大之單一巨災損失風險。同樣處於地震帶的我國，亦於2001年7月9日增訂保險法第138條之1，建構我國地震保險制度。地震損失風險之特性屬損失低頻率但高幅度之巨災風險，地震事故一旦發生，因其破壞力造成之財產損失金額將難以估計，對一般住宅所有人之財產而言，勢將肇致嚴重損失，若無其他風險移轉分散或理財機制，財產所有恐突失經濟實力，生活必將陷於不安定。惟觀諸我國住宅地震基本保險之投保人，多係來自住宅抵押貸款之抵押人，為取得貸款之需要，因履行貸款契約之條件而投保，其他一般住宅房屋所有人對地震損失風險之意識仍屬匱乏，遑論以購買地震保險移轉地震損失風險。是故，倘不採強制投保，地震保險做為提供地震損失基本保障之政策性目標，勢將隨之受限，藉之於地震損失發生時發揮穩定社會經濟之功效，亦必不可期。然因日本與紐西蘭之具體事例殷鑑不遠，強制地震保險之推動，似有加速之必要。惟強制地震保險之實施，尚面臨承保能量不足，風險測定困難及再保機制安排等問題，此些問題或需賴市場機制自然調整，或需由政府建構風險轉分機制，以政府擔任再保險人或政府任溢額保險人或政府提供資金挹注等方式以擴大承保能量與解決，關於此些難題，本研究將一一探藉問題導向之研究方法解決之道。最末，為協助建構強制地震保險制度，本文將就強制地震保險法，針對強制地震保險之法源及政府風險轉分機制等議題，巨細靡遺提出立法建議。
    On March 11 2011, an 8.9 magnitude earthquake struck Northern Japan which incurred property losses of 50 billion US dollars. A month earlier, Christchurch, New Zealand was also hit by a 6.1 magnitude earthquake that cause property losses between 3~5 billion US dollars. Taiwan, an island situated at the junction of the Eurasia Plate and Philippine Sea Plate, is on a high-risk seismic belt where damage associated with an earthquake is likely to be as tremendous as those in Japan or New Zealand. Although such risk has been foreseen so as to trigger the establishment of the Taiwan Residential Earthquake Insurance Program by the addition of Article 138-1 to the Taiwanese Insurance Law on July 9, 2001, more than 70% of homeowners in Taiwan carrying no earthquake insurance do not seem to perceive the devastating and catastrophic nature of the risk of loss cause by a single earthquake. Given the recent cases in Japan and New Zealand, to launch a compulsory earthquake insurance system in Taiwan is indispensible because the insurance coverage does perform certain function of economic security after the occurrence of a catastrophe. However, obstacles like the capacity of insurers, model and parameter uncertainty and the possibility of government’s involvement as a “reinsurer” are all obstacles facing the successful creation of a compulsory earthquake insurance system. This research attempts to provide resolution to counter such impediments and ultimately propose draft for the legislation of the “Compulsory Earthquake Insurance Act”.
    關聯: 計畫編號 NSC101-2410-H004-039
    資料類型: report
    顯示於類別:[法律學系] 國科會研究計畫

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