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    政大機構典藏 > 政大學報 > 第6期 > 期刊論文 >  Item 140.119/83027
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/83027


    Title: 清代督撫職權演變之研析
    Other Titles: A Study on the Development of the Power and Responsibility of the Governor Generals and Governors in Ching Dynasty
    Authors: 傅宗懋
    Fu, Tsung-mao
    Date: 1962-12
    Issue Date: 2016-03-30 10:21:59 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 總督二字,始見漢書。西域傳贊曰「總督城郭,三十有六」。明嘉靖二十九年,始設總督大臣一員,控制薊遼保定等處地方。類於周之州牧、州伯、方伯、漢之州牧,晉之都督諸州軍事,唐之大總管、大都督、節度使、經略使,宋亦稱節度使、節略,元之總管(註一)。是總督之成為官制,肇始於明。考其總督之始設,要皆用統軍務。蓋以正統而後,或變生於腹裏,或釁起於邊陲,而諸邊諸省之撫臣,一時多不能振聯屬之策,興討罪之師。故多設總督以聯屬而節制之。俾一省難作,則總督調近省之食與兵而合制之。難已,則散而歸之。因之,明之總督,置裁無常。巡撫二字。始見晉書。劉頌傳曰「咸寧中,詔頌巡撫荊揚」。唐狄仁傑為河南巡撫大使,宋真宗令巡撫使傳諭張詠,皆未定為巡撫官(註二)。明代巡撫之建置較早。洪武二十四年八月,命懿文太子巡撫陝西,是為巡撫見稱於明之始。但係暫一行之。永樂十九年,遣尚書蹇義等二十六人巡行天下,安撫軍民。以後則派遣尚書、侍郎、都御史、少卿等,事畢復命,即或停遣。按明於十三省各置承宣布政使,都指揮使及按察使,各為一司。布政司掌民財二政,尤以財政為主。都指揮司掌軍事。按察司掌司法、驛傳,兼監察之任。蓋鑒於元代行省之權太尤,乃不置首長性之地方長官,三司並立,以分其任。故洪武初年未有遣任巡撫之事。歷時既久,巡撫則自初時之奉使性質漸寖為地方長官。諸省各置一員(尚有十餘員轄區不及一省者),掌全省軍民財刑諸政。於是前此奉使之巡撫,儼然成為布、都、按三司之長官。揆其原因,則在於權分則勢散,突有事變,往往不能應付,是終不能不有一人總其成也。
    Relation: 國立政治大學學報,6,379-409
    Data Type: article
    Appears in Collections:[第6期] 期刊論文

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