政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/77882

政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/77882

English | 正體中文 | 简体中文 | Post-Print筆數 : 27 | 全文筆數/總筆數 : 113318/144297 (79%)
造訪人次 : 50996853 線上人數 : 847

RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.

搜尋範圍

查詢小技巧：

您可在西文檢索詞彙前後加上"雙引號"，以獲取較精準的檢索結果

若欲以作者姓名搜尋，建議至進階搜尋限定作者欄位，可獲得較完整資料

進階搜尋

主頁 ‧ 登入 ‧ 上傳 ‧ 說明 ‧ 關於政大典藏 ‧ 管理

到手機版

政大機構典藏 > 傳播學院 > 廣播電視學系 > 學位論文 > Item 140.119/77882

請使用永久網址來引用或連結此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/77882

題名:	語言與思維：英文與中文母語者在表情符號使用上的差異 Does Language Shape Thought? English and Mandarin Speakers’ Usage of Emoticons as Non-Verbal Cues in Communication
作者:	陳怡廷 Tan, Yi Ting
貢獻者:	林玲遠施琮仁 Lin, Ling Yuan Shih, Tsung Jen 陳怡廷 Tan, Yi Ting
關鍵詞:	電腦中介傳播跨文化表情符號語言思維 computer-mediated communication cross-culture emoticons language thought
日期:	2015
上傳時間:	2015-08-24 10:08:40 (UTC+8)
摘要:	有關表情符號的跨文化分析，現有之研究皆以亞洲國家（例如日本或韓國）和美國做比較。然而此間差異不僅包含文化上的，也包含語言使用上的不同。如此一來，在了解影響人們使用表情符號的因素時，文化背景與語言的因素混雜一體，難以區辨各別影響狀況。本研究試著控制文化的因素，將文化背景具有一定相似性，但官方語言不同的新加坡和台灣做比較。結果顯示新加坡與台灣使用者確實表現出不同的表情符號使用偏好。前者傾向使用橫式表情符號，後者則以使用直式表情符號居多。形式的不同也導致使用者在組合表情符號的眼型與口型時呈現明顯差異。此外，語言背景也會影響一個人對表情符號的認識與解讀能力。本研究發現，此現象在新加坡的受試者身上較為顯著，他們在認識與解讀台灣使用者的常用表情符號時較容易出現障礙。最後，本論文也討論了研究結果的意義以及研究者對於未來研究的建議。 Existing literature on the cross-cultural use of emoticons often discuss how styles of emoticons vary by comparing countries such as Japan or Korea with the United States. However, these countries differ both in terms of their culture as well as the language used in the country. Thus, there remains a dilemma in distinguishing whether the effects of cultural background or language plays a greater role in determining the style of emoticons a person uses. This research explores this issue by comparing the use of emoticons between users from Singapore and Taiwan. Both countries have similar cultural background but differ in terms of their first language. By focusing on the difference of language and holding cultural background as a constant, results indicated that users from both countries do have a difference in preference for emoticons style. While the former predominantly use horizontal emoticons, the latter prefer vertical emoticons instead. Such difference has also resulted in different representation of the eyes and mouths of emoticons used by Singaporean and Taiwanese users. In addition, it has also been found that language background has an effect on a person’s ability to recognize and interpret emoticons used by natives from the other culture. This situation was more prominent among Singaporean participants as they were found to be less capable in recognizing and interpreting emoticons commonly used by their Taiwanese counterparts. The implications of these findings and recommendations for future research are discussed.
參考文獻:	Adams, A. (2013, February). Exploring Emoticons: A Bibliographic Essay on Nonverbals in Computer Mediated Communication and Research Perspectives. Paper presented at the 84th Western States Communication Association, Reno, NV. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/7672784/Exploring_Emoticons_A_Bibliographic_Essay_on_Nonverbals_in_Computer_Mediated_Communication_and_Research_Perspectives Anime & Manga. (2013). Anime Characters with a Sweat Drop and Angry Veins [Online Image]. Retrieved from http://anime.stackexchange.com Attan, S., Bolong, J., and Hasan, H. (2010, June). Gender Differences in Impression Management Characteristics Used Amongst Malay Users in mIRC: A Preliminary Study. Paper presented at the 60th Internation Communication Association, Singapore. Retrieved from http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p404148_index.html Aziz, M. A. (2014, January 10). Singapore Among the Most Active on Social Media: Report. Today. Retrieved form http://www.todayonline.com/ Azuma, J. (2012). Graphic Emoticons as a Future Universal Symbolic Language. Approaches to Translation Studies, 36(1), 36. Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Eaglewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Baron, N. (2009). The Myth of Impoverished Signal: Dispelling the Spoken Language Fallacy for Emoticons in Online Communication. In J. Vincent & L. Fortunati (Eds.), The Mediation of Emotion via Information and Communication Technologies (pp. 107-136). Bern: Peter Lang. Blagdon, J. (2013). How Emoji Conquered the World? The Story of the Smiley Face from the Man who Invented it. Retrieved from http://www.theverge.com/2013/3/4/3966140/how-emoji-conquered-the-world Boroditsky, L. (2001). Does Language Shape Thought?: Mandarin and English Speakers’ Conceptions of Time. Cognitive Psychology, 43(1), 1-22. doi:10.1006/cogp.2001.0748 Brody, S., & Diakopoulos, N. (2011, July). Cooooooooooooooollllllllllllll!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Using Word Lengthening to Detect Sentiment in Microblogs. Paper presented at the 2011 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Edinburg, Scotland, UK. Retrieved from http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D11-1052 Brown, J. D., & Cantor, J. (2000). An Agenda for Research on Youth and Media. Journal of Adolescent Health, 27(2), 2-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(00)00139-7 Byron, K., & Baldridge, D. C. (2007). E-mail Recipient’s Impressions of Senders’ Likability. Journal of Business Communication, 44(2), 137-160. doi:10.1177/0021943606297902 Chao, E. (2009). Niubi: The Real Chinese You Were Never Taught in School. New York, NY: Penguin. Chen, K. (2012, June). Keith Chen: Could Your Language Affect Your Ability to Save Money? [Video File]. Retrieved from http://www.ted.com/talks/keith_chen_could_your_language_affect_your_ability_to_save_money/transcript?language=en#t-249307 Chen, K. (2013). The Effect of Language on Economic Behavior: Evidence from Saving Rates, Health Behaviors, and Retirement Assets. American Economic Review 2013, 103(2), 690-731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.2.690 Choudhary, A. K. (2014). Good Decision Bad Decision. Singapore: Partridge Publishing. Chun, L. (1997a). A Cognitive Approach to UP Metaphors in English and Chinese: What do They Reveal About the English Mind and the Chinese Mind. Research Degree Progress Report for Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 125-140. Chun, L. (1997b). Conceptualizing the World Through Spatial Metaphors: An Analysis of UP/Down vs. SHANG/XIA Metaphors. Proceedings of the 19th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society: CogSci 1997. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. D’Costa, K. (2011, July 18). Communicating Meaning Online: A Digital Expression of Theory of Mind. Scientific American. Retrieved from http://www.scientificamerican.com/ Darics, E. (2010). Politeness in Computer-Mediated Discourse of a Virtual Team. Journal of Politeness Research: Language Behavior, Culture, 6(1), 129-150. doi:10.1515/JPLR.20 10.007 Department of Statistics. (2014a). Yearbook of Statistics Singapore 2014. Retrieved from http://www.singstat.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/publications/publications_and_papers/reference/yearbook_2014/yos2014.pdf Department of Statistics. (2014b). 2014 Population in Brief. Retrieved from http://www.nptd.gov.sg/portals/0/homepage/highlights/population-in-brief-2014.pdf Derks, D., Bos, A. E., & Von Grumbkow, J. (2007). Emoticons and Social Interaction on the Internet: The Importance of Social Context. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(1), 842-849. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2004.11.013 Derks, D., Fischer, A. H., & Bos, A. E. (2008). The Role of Emoticon in Computer-Mediated Communication: A Review. Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 766-785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2007.04.004 Deutscher, G. (2010, August 26). Does Your Language Shape How You Think? The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/29/magazine/29language-t.html?_r=0 Dimmick, J., Ramirez, A. Jr., Wang, T., & Lin, S. F. (2007). ‘Extending Society’: The Role of Personal Networks and Gratification-Utilities in the Use of Interactive Communication Media. New Media & Society, 9(5), 795-810. doi:10.1177/1461444807081225 Dong, J. (2009). Chinese: From Columns to Rows. Retrieved from http://www.newsofchinese.com/news/13480.html Dresner, E., & Herring, S. C. (2014). Emoticons and Illocutionary Force. In D. Riesenfeld & G. Scarafile (Eds.), Perspectives on Theory on Controversies and the Ethics of Communication: Explorations of Marcelo Dascal’s Contributions to Philosophy (pp. 81-90). Berlin, DE: Springer. Ekman, P., Sorenson, E. R., & Friesen, W. V. (1969). Pan-Cultural Elements in Facial Displays of Emotion. Science, 164, 86-88. Retrieved from http://www.paulekman.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Pan-Cultural-Elements-In-Facial-Display-Of-Emotion.pdf Elfenbein, H. A., & Ambady, N. (2003). When Familiarity Breeds Accuracy: Cultural Exposure and Facial Emotion Recognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 276-290. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.276 Frank, M. G., Maroulis, A., & Griffin, D. J. (2013). The Voice. In D. Matsumoto, M. G. Frank & H. S. Hwang (Eds.), Nonverbal Communication: Science and Application (pp. 53-74). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Garver, J. W. (2011). Introduction: Taiwan’s Democratic Consolidation. In R. Ash, J. W. Garver & P. B. Prime (Eds.), Taiwan’s Democracy: Economic and Political Challenges (pp. 1-34). New York, NY: Routledge. Geography. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.marimari.com/content/taiwan/general_info/geography/geography.html Godin, S. (1993). The Smiley Dictionary. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press. Guiora, A. Z., Beit-Hallahmi, B., Fried, R., & Yoder, C. (1982). Language Environment and Gender Identity Attainment. Language Learning, 32(2), 289-304. doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1982.tb00973.x Hall, R. (2011). How do I Add Emoticons to Text Messages?. Retrieved from https://www.iphonelife.com/issues/2011May-June/HowAddEmoticonsToTxts Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (1991). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. Hoijer, H. (1954). The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. In H. Hoijer (Ed.), Language in Culture (pp. 92-105). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Internet Telecommunication Union. (2013). Asia Marketing Research, Internet Usage, Population Statistics and Facebook Information. Retrieved from http://www.internetworldstats.com/asia.htm Kalyanaraman, S., & Ivory, J. D. (2006, December). The Face of Online Information Processing: Effects of Emoticons on Impression Formation, Affect, and Cognition in Chat Transcripts. Paper presented at the 56th International Communication Association, San Diego, CA. Retrieved from http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p93286_index.html Kariya, T., & Hanasaki, A. (n.d.). Japanese Manga “Oishinbo” [Online Image]. Retrieved from http://netatama.net/archives/6502073.html. Khan, H. (2013). Consumer Buying Behavior. In A. Gbadamosi, S. Nwankwo & I. Bathgate (Eds.), Principles of Marketing: A Value-Based Approach (pp. 71-102). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Klez, A., & Hodic, A. (2014). Facebook and the Changing Way we Speak. In A. Rospigliosi & S. Greener (Eds.). Proceedings of the European Conference on Social Media: ECSM 2014 (pp. 249-256). England: Academic Conferences and Publishing International. Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2000). Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Larson, N. I. (2007). A Longitudinal Investigation of Diets in Transition: What Influences Dietary Patterns During the Transition from Adolescence to Young Adulthood? (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved from Proquest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI 3279689) Lim, H. S. (2008). Japanese Foreign Direct Investment and Japanese-Style Management in Singapore. Japan and China in East Asian Integration (pp. 79-117). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Lo, S. K. (2008). The Nonverbal Communication Functions of Emoticons in Computer-Mediated Communication. Cyberspace & Behavior, 11(5), 595-597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0132 Lutz, W. D. (1987). Language, Appearance, and Reality: Doublespeak in 1984. In P. C. Boardman (Ed.). The Legacy of Language: A Tribute to Charlton Laird (pp. 103-119). Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press. Market Intelligence & Consulting Institute. (2014, December 30). Taiwan Smartphone Penetration Exceeds 65%. Retrieved from https://mic.iii.org.tw/english/ae/en_4_asia_express_1_1.asp?selyear=&domain_sqno=0&domain_name=&doc_sqno=10234 Marvin, L. E. (1995). Spoof, Spam, Lurk and Lag: The Aesthetics of Text-Based Virtual realities. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 1(2). doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.1995.tb00324.x Mehrabian, A. (1971). Silent Messages (1st ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Mumbrella Asia. (2014). Google Study: Singapore is World’s Top Smartphone Market per Capita. Retrieved from http://www.mumbrella.asia/2014/10/google-study-singapore-worlds-top-smartphone-market-per-capita/ Musa, O. (2014). Difference between Emoji and Emoticons. Retrieved from http://www.techlivewire.com/4737/difference-between-emoji-and-emoticons.html Nevid, J. S. (2012). Essentials of Psychology: Concepts and Applications (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Park, J., Baek, Y. M., & Cha, M. (2014). Cross-Cultural Comparison of Nonverbal Cues in Emoticons on Twitter: Evidence from Big Data Analysis. Journal of Communication, 64(2), 333-354. doi:10.1111/jcom.12086 Park, J., Barash, V., Fink, C., & Cha, M. (2013, June). Emoticon Style: Interpreting Differences in Emoticons Across Cultures. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, Ann Arbor, MI. Retrieved from http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM13/paper/viewFile/6132/6386 Park, M. (2013). Emoticons: Cultural Analysis. In G. J. Yong (Ed.), Advances in Affective and Pleasurable Design (pp. 3-10). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Redfield, C. (2014, August 18). Taiwan has World’s Top Smartphone Internet Usage: Yahoo. TechNews. Retrieved from http://technews.co/ Rezabek, L. L., & Cochenour, J. J, (1998). Visual Cues in Computer-Mediated Communication: Supplementing Text with Emoticons. Journal of Visual Literacy, 18(2), 201-215. Roberts, L. D., Smith, L. M., & Pollock, C. M. (2005). Psychological Sense of Community in Virtual Communities. In S. Dasgupta (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Virtual Communities and Technologies (pp. 390-396). Hershey, PA: Idea Group Reference. Roebuck, K. (2012). Virtual Assistants: High-Impact Emerging Technology – What You Need to Know: Definitions, Adoptions, Impact, Benefits, Maturity, Vendors. Tebbo Publishing. Schodt, F. L. (2013). The View from North America: Manga as Late-Twentieth-Century Japonisme?. In J. Berndt & B. Kummerling-Meibauer (Eds.), Manga’s Cultural Crossroad (pp. 19-26). New York, NY: Routledge. Schulz, C. M (n.d.). American Comic “Peanuts” [Online Image]. Retrieved from http://www.peanuts.com/comics/#.VVBhCxeVH_4 Shirey, R. (2007). Internet Security Glossary, Version 2. Retrieved from http://tools.ietf.org/search/rfc4949 Short, J. A., Williams, E., & Christie, B. (1976). The Social Psychology of Telecommunications. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Skovholt, K., Gronning, A,, & KanKaanranta, A. (2014). The Communicative Functions of Emoticons in Workplace E-Mails: :-). Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19(4), 780-797. doi:10.1111/jcc4. 12063 Statista. (2014a). Daily Internet Usage Rate in Singapore, by Age Group. Retrieved from http://www.statista.com/statistics/348101/daily-internet-usage-age-group-singapore/ Statista. (2014b). Daily Internet Usage Rate in Taiwan, by Age Group. Retrieved from http://www.statista.com/statistics/348224/daily-internet-usage-age-group-taiwan/ Tomic, M. K., Martinez, M., & Vrbanec, T. (2013). Emoticons. Scientific Journal of Effectus College of Law and Finance, 1(1), 35-42. Retrieved from http://bib.irb.hr/prikazi-rad?lang=en&rad=710991 Tossell, C. C., Kortum, P., Shepard, C., Barg-Walkow, L. H., & Rahmati, A. (2012). A Longtidudinal Study of Emoticon Use in Text Messaging from Smart Phones. Computer in Human Behavior, 28, 659-663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.11.012 Train, B. (2007). Fresh Perspectives: Introduction to Psychology. Pinelands, South Africa: Pearson Education. Unicode. (2014). Emoji and Dingbats. Retrieved from http://www.unicode.org/faq/emoji_dingbats.html UReach Toronto. (2014). Taiwanese. Retrieved form http://www.ureachtoronto.com/content/taiwanese Visiting Taiwan. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.wfc12.tw/inf5.html Walther, J. B. (1996). Computer-Mediated Communication: Impersonal, Interpersonal and Hyperpersonal Interaction. Communication Research, 23(1), 3-43. doi:10.1177/009365096023001001 Walther, J. B., & D’Addario, K. P. (2001). The Impacts of Emoticons on Message Interpretation in Computer-Mediated Communication. Social Science Computer Review, 19(3), 324-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089443930101900307 Wei, A. C. Y. (2012). Emoticons and the Non-Verbal Communication. (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Christ University, Bangalore, India. Williams, A. (2015, April 9). Apple Releases iOS 8.3 with 300 New Emoji. The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/11524254/Apple-releases-iOS-8.3-with-300-new-emoji.html World Review. (2015). Taiwan Population Density. Retrieved from http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/taiwan-population/ Yoo, J. H. (2007, May). To Smile or Not to Smile: Defining the Effects of Emoticons on Relational Outcomes. Paper presented at the 57th International Communication Association, San Francisco, CA. Retrieved from http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/6/9/3/9/pages169395/p169395-1.php Yuki, M., Maddux, W. W., & Masuda, T. (2007). Are the Windows to the Soul the Same in the East and West? Cultural Differences in Using the Eyes and Mouth as Cues to Recognize Emotions in Japan and the United States. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(2), 303-311. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.02.004
描述:	碩士國立政治大學廣播電視學研究所 102453019
資料來源:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102453019
資料類型:	thesis
顯示於類別:	[廣播電視學系] 學位論文

文件中的檔案:

檔案	大小	格式	瀏覽次數
301901.pdf	9937Kb	Adobe PDF2	820	檢視/開啟

在政大典藏中所有的資料項目都受到原著作權保護.

社群 sharing

著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement

1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.

DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004 MIT & Hewlett-Packard / Enhanced by NTU Library IR team Copyright © - 回饋