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| Title: | 從IAEA核子保防法制架構之觀點來看台灣在國際核子保防體系的法理地位
From the Perspective of IAEA’s Safeguards Legal Framework to View Taiwan’s Legal Status in the International Safeguards System |
| Authors: | 賴弘智
Lai, Hung Chih |
| Contributors: | 許耀明
Hsu, Yao Ming
賴弘智
Lai, Hung Chih |
| Keywords: | 核子保防
國際原子能總署
核能和平應用
核不擴散
台美核能和平利用協定
保防移轉協定
Nuclear Safeguard
International Atomic Energy Agency （IAEA）
Peaceful Nuclear Use
Nuclear Non-Proliferation
Agreement of Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation between Taiwan and the United States
Safeguards Transfer Agreement |
| Date: | 2015 |
| Issue Date: | 2015-08-17 14:13:19 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 依據《防止核武器擴散條約》之規定，非核武國家須按國際原子能總署之規約及其保防制度與之協商並締結核子保防協定，以接受核子保防方案，始得獲得核物料進行和平應用。本文研究在於了解我國自1971年退出聯合國及包含國際原子能總署在內之相關機構後，如何透過台美間的核能合作協定，以及台灣、美國與總署間之適用防護事項協定，繼續與國際原子能總署維持核子保防事務的交流，並形塑參與國際核子保防體系之模式，以獲得核物料及相關科技進行和平應用，並一窺我國在國際核子保防體系之法理地位。
According to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons （NPT）, each non-nuclear-weapon state to the Treaty shall accept safeguards, as set forth in an agreement to be negotiated and concluded with the International Atomic Energy Agency （IAEA）, to obtain the rights on peaceful uses of nuclear materials. This thesis is aim to understand how Taiwan, after losing its membership of the United Nations and other associated organizations, keeps its exchange with International Atomic Energy Agency （IAEA） on nuclear safeguards affairs and paves the way of participating in the international safeguards system to maintain its right to acquire nuclear materials to conduct peaceful nuclear application, through the Agreement of nuclear cooperation with the United States and the Safeguards Transfer Agreement relating Taiwan, United States and IAEA. Besides, this thesis will also conclude Taiwan’s legal status in the international safeguards system.
"第一章 導言.....1
第一節 研究動機.....1
第二節 原子能之發現與其和平應用簡史.....2
第一款 原子能的發現.....2
第二款 原子能和平應用之倡議.....5
第三節 研究目的.....9
第四節 研究方法及範圍.....10
第一款 研究方法.....10
第二款 研究範圍.....11
第五節 研究架構.....11
第二章 國際原子能總署之組織法制架構與法律地位.....14
第一節 原子能和平利用之路-國際原子能總署的創立.....14
第一款 聯合國原子能委員會.....14
第二款 巴路克計畫.....15
第三款 原子能和平利用.....18
第二節 國際原子能總署的法制架構.....19
第一款 國際原子能總署規約..... 19
第二款 國際原子能總署規約之會員、組織結構及預算.....21
第一項 會員.....21
第二項 組織結構.....22
第一目 大會.....22
第二目 理事會.....24
第三目 秘書處.....25
第三項 預算.....25
第三款 國際原子能總署之決策表決程序.....26
第四款 國際原子能總署之組織法律性質.....27
第三節 防止核武器擴散政策與國際核子保防.....29
第一款 《防止核武器擴散條約》之背景.....29
第二款 《防止核武器擴散條約》之內容.....30
第四節 國際原子能總署之核子保防法制架構.....34
第一款 總署核子保防制度之簡介.....34
第二款 總署核子保防文件.....35
第一項 《總署核子保防系統》.....36
第二項 《項目保防協定》.....37
第三項 《全面核子保防協定》.....38
第四項 《全面核子保防協定附加議定書》.....40
第三款 總署核子保防制度.....42
第五節 國際原子能總署之核子保防之施行.....43
第六節 小結.....45
第三章 台灣與美國就核能和平利用之合作.....48
第一節 台灣之核能利用簡史與台美核能和平利用合作協定.....48
第二節 美國原子能法與台美核能和平利用合作協定.....52
第三節 新舊台美核能和平利用合作協定.....59
第四節 阿拉伯聯合大公國-美國及台灣-美國核能和平利用合作協定
.............................................68
第一款 合作原則與範圍.....68
第二款 獲得之權利.....72
第三款 負擔之義務與限制.....74
第四款 其他相關法律關係.....79
第四章 台灣在國際核子保防體系之參與.....86
第一節 台灣的核子保防執行與保防移轉協定.....86
第二節 台灣與總署核子保防系統之合作.....88
第三節 小結.....92
第五章 結論.....94
參考文獻.....101" |
| Reference: | 一、中文部分
（一）、 中文專書
1.高嘉玲譯（2004），怎樣製造一顆核子彈。台北:商周出版。
（Frank Barnaby，2004）
2. 外交部（1973），中外條約輯編（第四編）。台北: 台灣中華書
局。
3. 外交部（1977），中外條約輯編（第五編）。台北: 台灣中華書
局。
4. 丘宏達（2013） ，現代國際法（修訂三版）。台北: 三民書局。
5. 吳心岳（2006），方寸中之原子世紀。台北：行政院原子能委員
會。
6. 姜皇池（2008） ，國際公法導論（二版）。台北: 新學林。
7. 傅佩榮（2011） ，一本就通：西方哲學史。台北：聯經出版事業公
司。
8. 鄭端耀（2000） ，國際不擴散建制運作與發展：毀滅性武器擴散與
國際安全對策。台北：漢威出版社。
（二）、 中文論文
1. 袁易（2005） ，「不擴散核武器條約」之再審視：一個權力政治與
身份政治的解析，問題與研究，卷44第4期，頁101-150。
2. 黃異（1996），責任漁業制相關公約對中華民國之約束力問題，月
旦法學雜誌，第11期，頁80-82。
3. 曾雅真（2013） ，用過核燃料之國際化多邊化管控趨勢_兼論我國
處理用過核燃料策略的契機，政治科學叢論，第56期，頁1-38。
4. 曾雅真（2012） ，和平利用核能之國際造法趨勢─IAEA核燃料循環
多邊化倡議的實踐與影響，問題與研究，第51卷第2期，頁69-
100。
5. 楊永明（2004） ，國際限武裁軍機制與規範：國際關係理論與國際
法規範之檢驗，問題與研究第43卷第3期，頁77-96。
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二、英文部分
（一）、 英文專書
1. Amerasinghe, C. F. （2005）. “Principles of the
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University Press.
3. Doyle, James （2008）. “Nuclear Safeguards, Security
and Nonproliferation: Achieving Security with
Technology and Policy” （1st Edition）, Oxford:
Butterworth-Heinemann.
4. Fischer, David （2007）. “History of the IAEA-the
first forty years”, Vienna: IAEA.
5. Crawford, J. and Brownlie, I. （2012）. “Brownlie`s
principles of public international law”, Oxford,
United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
6. Goldschmidt, Bertrand （1997）. “International Atomic
Energy Agency: Personal Reflections”, Vienna: IAEA.
7. Hewlett, Richard G. and Anderson, Oscar E. Jr.
（1962）. “The New World, 1939/1946, A History of The
United States Atomic Energy Commission, Volume I”,
University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State
University Press.
8. Jones, Vincent C. （1985）. “Manhattan, the Army and
the Atomic Bomb （United States Army in World War
II）”, Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History,
United States Army.
9. Lovett, James E. （1974）. “Nuclear Materials:
Accountability, Management, Safeguards” , Hinsdale,
Ill.：American Nuclear Society.
10. Lamarsh, John R. and Baratta, Anthony J. （2001）.
“Introduction to Nuclear Engineering” （3rd
Edition）, New Jersey：Prentice Hall.
11. Joyner, Daniel H. and Roscini, Marco （Eds.）
（2012）. “Non-Proliferation Law as a special regime: A
Contribution to Fragmentation Theory in International
Law”, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12. Nunn, Sam; Stoutland, Page; Pitts-Kiefer, Samantha
and Rohlfing, Joan （Eds.）（2014）, Nuclear Materials
Security Index, 2nd edition, Washington: NTI.
13. Osborne, Roger （2006）. “Civilization: A New History
of the Western World”, New York：Pegasus Books LLC.
14. Rockwood, Laura （2013）. “Legal Framework for IAEA
Safeguards”, Vienna: IAEA.
15. Sands, Philippe Q.C. and Klein, Pierre （2009）.
“Bowett’s Law of International Institutions” （ 6th
edition）, London: Sweet & Maxwell.
16. Shaw, Malcolm N. （2003）. “International law” （2nd
Edtion）, Cambridge, U.K: Grotius Publication.
17. Shultis, J. Kenneth and Faw, Richard E. （2007）.
“Fundamentals of Nuclear Science and Engineering”
（2nd Edition）, New York：CRC Press.
（二）、 期刊論文
1. Andrés, G. E. （2008）. "The International Atomic
Energy Agency’s` Safeguard System", Int. Law Rev.
Comomb. Derecho Int. Bogota （Comombia）, p. 87-118.
2. Berstein, Barton J. （1974）. “The quest for security:
American Foreign Policy and International Control of
Atomic Energy, 1942-1946”, Journal of American
History, Vol.60, No.4, p. 1003-1044.
3. Bolt, Richard （1988）. “Plutonium for All: Leaks in
Global Safeguards”, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,
Vol.44, No.2, p.14-19.
4. Burns, E. L. M. （1965）. "Can the Spread of Nuclear
Weapons Be Stopped?", International Organization, Vol.
19, No. 4, p. 851-869.
5. Burns, E. L. M. （1969）. “The Nonproliferation
Treaty: Its Negotiation and Prospects”, International
Organization, Vol. 23, No. 4, p.788-807.
6. Edwards, D. M. （1984）, "International Legal Aspects
of Safeguards and the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear
Weapons", The International and Comparative Law
Quarterly 33（1）, p.1-21.
7. Epstein, William Paul C. Szasz （1993）, “Extension Of
The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty: A Means of
Strengthening the Treaty”, Virginia Journal of
International Law 33, p. 735-760.
8. Firmage, Edwin Brown （1969）. “The Treaty on the Non-
Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons”, The American
Journal of International Law, Vol.63, No.4, p.711-746.
9. Fischer, D. A. V. （1986）. "The challenge of nuclear
safeguards." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
42（6）, p.29-33.
10. Fischer, David （1997）.“Safeguards: Past, Present
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11. Fischer, David （2007）. "Nuclear Safeguards: The
first steps", IAEA Bulletin 49-1, p. 7-10
12. Goldschmidt, Pierre （1999）. “The IAEA Safeguards
System Moves into the 21 Century”, Supplement to the
IAEA Bulletin, Vol.41, No.1, p.S1-S20
13. Hooper, Richard （1995）. “Strengthening IAEA
Safeguards in an Era of Nuclear Cooperation”, Arms
Control Today, Vol.25, No.9, p.14~18.
14. Hooper, Richard （1997）. “The System of Strengthened
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Non-Proliferation Treaty?”, Wis. L. Rev., p.301-393.
16.Katzenberg, B. （2012）. "The impact of the Additional
Protocol and Strengthened Safeguards: effects on the
International Atomic Energy Agency and on states."
Nuclear Law Bulletin （90）: 71-99.
17. Kittrie, Orde F. （2007）, “Averting Catastrophe: Why
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Deterrence Capacity And How To Restore It”, 28 Mich.
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18. Levin, Igor （1992）. “Where Have All the Weapons
Gone? The Commonwealth of Independent States’ Struggle
to Stop the Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the
New Role of the International Atomic Energy Agency”,
New York University Journal of International Law and
Politics, Vol.24, No.2, p.957-966.
19. Moglewer, S. （1981）. "IAEA safeguards and non-
proliferation." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
37（8）: 24-29. 12.
20. Perez, Antonio F. （1994）. “Sruvival of Rights under
the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty: Withdrawal and
the Continuing Right of international Atomic Energy
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Peaceful Uses." The International and Comparative Law
Quarterly 27（4）, p. 711-737.
22. Pendley, Robert; Scheinman, Lawrence and Butler,
Richard W. （1975）. “International Safeguarding as
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24. Roscini, Marco （2015）. The Cases against the
Nuclear Weapons States, ASIL Insights, Vol.19, Issue
10.
25. Rosen, Steven （1967）. “Proliferation Treaty
Controls and the IAEA”, The Journal of Conflict
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60（1）: 34-54.
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Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons: Nuclear Technology
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77, No. 8, p. 1447-1519.
（三）、 總署官方資料
1. Convention on Nuclear Safety （1994）.
2. Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear
Material （1980）.
3. Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel
Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste
Management （1997）.
4. List of Participant （GC（57）/INF/13） （2013）.
5. Model Protocol Additional to the Agreement（s）
Between State（s） and the Agency for the Application
of Safeguards （INFCIRC/540（Corrected）） （1998）.
6. Rules of Procedure of the General Conference （IAEA
GC（XXXI）/INF/245/Rev.1） （1989）.
7. Safeguards Statement for 2013 （2013）.
8. The Agency’s Program and Budget 2014-2015
（GC（57）/2） （2013）.
9. The Agency´s Safeguards （INFCIRC/26） （1961）.
10. The Agency´s Safeguards-Extension of the system to
large reactor facilities （INFCIRC/26/Add.1） （1964）.
11. The Agency’s Safeguards System （INFCIRC/66）
（1965）.
12. The Agency’s Safeguards System （1965, as
provisionally extended in 1966） （INFCIRC/66/Rev.1）
（1967）.
13. The Agency’s Safeguards System （1965, as
provisionally extended in 1966 and 1968）
（INFCIRC/66/Rev.2） （1968）.
14.The Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and
Nuclear Facilities （INFCIRC/225/Rev. 5）（2011）.
15. The Statute of the IAEA （1957）.
16. The Structure and Content of Agreements Between the
Agency and States Required in Connection with the
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
（NPT） （INFCIRC/153（Corrected）） （1972）.
17. Safeguards Implementation Guide for States with Small
Quantity Protocol （Services Series 22） （2013）.
（四）、 美國政府官方資料
1. Atomic Energy Act （ AEA） （1946）.
2. Atomic Energy Act （ AEA） （1954）.
3. Congressional Research Service Report R41910,
（2014）. Nuclear Energy Cooperation with Foreign
Countries: Issues for Congress.
4. Congressional Research Service Report RS22937,
（2014）. Nuclear Energy Cooperation with Other
Countries: A Prime.
5. Taiwan Relation Law （1979）.
6. Text of a Proposed Agreement for Cooperation Between
the American Institute in Taiwan and the Taipei
Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the
United States: Message from the President of the
United States Transmitting a Proposed Agreement for
Cooperation Between the American Institute in Taiwan
and the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative
Office in the United States Concerning Peaceful Uses
of Nuclear Energy, Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 2153（b）,
（d） （2014）.
7. U.S. Department of Energy （2006）. The History of
Nuclear Energy （DOE/NE-0088）.
（五）、聯合國文件
1. Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States
（1974）.
2. Declaration on the Establishment of a New
International Economic Order （1974）.
3. Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources （1962）.
4. United Nations Charter （1945）.
（六）、國際條約與協定
1. Agreement for Cooperation between the Government of
the Republic of China and the Government of the United
States of America Concerning Civil Uses of Atomic
Energy （1972）.
2. Agreement for Cooperation between the Government of
the United States of America and the Government of the
Republic of Korea Concerning Civil Uses of Atomic
Energy （1974）.
3. Amendment to Agreement for Cooperation between the
Government of the Republic of China and the Government
of the United States of America Concerning Civil Uses
of Atomic Energy （1974）.
4. Agreement between the International Atomic Energy
Agency, the Government of the Republic of China and
the United States of America for the Application of
Safeguards （1971）.
5. Agreement for Cooperation between the Taipei Economic
and Cultural Representative Office in the United
States and the American Institute in Taiwan Concerning
Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy （2014）.
6. Agreement for Cooperation between The Government of
the United Arab Emirates and The Government of the
United States of America Concerning Peaceful Uses of
Nuclear Energy （2009）.
7. Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty （1996）.
8. Convention on the Prohibition of the Development,
Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapon and
their Destruction （1997）.
9. Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere,
in Outer Space and Under Water （1963）.
10. Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
（1970）.
（七）、 網際網路
1.行政院原子能委員會
http://www.aec.gov.tw
2. 全國法規資料庫
http://law.moj.gov.tw/
3. 經濟部
http://www.moea.gov.tw
4. Atomic Archive
http://www.atomicarchive.com
4. BBC中文網
http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad
5. IAEA
http://www.iaea.org
6. International Panel on Fissile Materials
http://fissilematerials.org/
7. Office of Historian, Department of State
https://history.state.gov/
8. Office of Science and Technical Information,
Department of Energy
http://www.osti.gov
9. Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
https://www.opcw.org/
10. United Nations:
http://www.un.org/en/
11. The American President Project
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu
12. U.S. Department of State
http://www.state.org
13. U.S. Government Publishing Office
http://www.gpo.gov/
14. U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration
http://nnsa.energy.gov/
15. White House
https://www.whitehouse.gov/
16. Nuclear Threat Initiative
http://www.nti.org/ |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
法學院碩士在職專班
102961012 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102961012 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [法學院碩士在職專班] 學位論文
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