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    Title: 宜蘭縣三星鄉行健村社區支持型有機農業之研究
    A Study of Community-Supported Agriculture Coupled with the OrgaAgriculture Practiced in Xing-jian-cun, San-xing-xiang, I-lan Countynic
    Authors: 陳國祥
    Contributors: 顏愛靜
    陳國祥
    Keywords: 行健村
    有機農業
    集體行動
    社區支持型農業
    Xing-jian-cun
    organic agriculture
    collective action
    community-supported agriculture
    Date: 2015
    Issue Date: 2015-08-03 13:36:01 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 近年來，「社區支持型農業」(CSA)已成為農業發展中一個嶄新面向。它是一種結合生產與銷售的運作模式。目前已經在國內逐漸受到關注。其推動的初衷，在於讓在地的消費者與生產者共同建立互惠共享的經濟體。它需要透過集體行動的運作來推展，方能達成目的。本研究目的在於探討「社區支持型農業」的行銷模式是否有助於宜蘭縣三星鄉行健村的有機農業發展；接著去發現推廣中所面臨的困難問題以及找出適當的解決辦法；最後去確定「社區支持型農業」是否可成為台灣推廣有機農業的有效模式。
    研究方法這部分，本研究者以兩個不同族群作為研究對象：生產者與消費者。具體而言，生產者指的是宜蘭縣三星鄉行健村從事有機生產的農民；消費者則是居住於台北市、新北市和宜蘭縣的一般民眾。本研究者以問卷調查和深度訪談作為主要的研究工具，藉此兩種工具各別施測於生產者與消費者，以便知悉他/她們對於「社區支持型農業」和「有機農業」的認識度和接受度。全部的研究過程包括問卷設計、發放問卷、收回問卷、深度訪談、資料分析，最後得到結論。
    研究結果發現：「社區支持型農業」的運作模式，有助於宜蘭縣三星鄉行健村的有機農業發展。藉由此模式的實際運作，「行健有機合作社」及農民看到集體行動的重要性；農民也體認到它在銷售上所可能帶來的潛在利益。雖然如此，即將面臨到的困難問題似乎也是可以預料的。其一，本研究者在6個月的實驗中，負責召集消費者集體訂購「行健有機合作社」所販售的裝箱蔬菜；然而，在本研究結束之後，消費者團體的集體訂購行動，恐將無以後繼；其二，合作社目前礙於人力資源短缺，沒有專職人員能夠投入「社區支持型農業」的運作與監督，勢必直接影響到運作之績效； 其中尤為嚴重者是，若無合作社專職人員之協助，生產端的農民將失去方向；消費端的消費者也將失去聯繫。很明顯的，適當的解決辦法是，三星鄉行健村的農民應極力尋求共識並採取必要行動，讓消費者團體的集體訂購行動，繼續維持下去；其次，行健村的農民應極力向合作社爭取專織人員的編列，以利有機農業之拓展。
    為了解決「社區支持型農業」模式實施於有機農業推廣所面臨的問題，本研究建議，生產端與消費端的連結性應予加強。就生產端而言，政府對有機農業的發展，應增加資金補貼與人力；就消費端而言，政府應加強有機農業教育，讓有機觀念深植人心，增強消費者的有機意識。政府更應強力監督合作社推廣「社區支持型農業」的績效，從而減少農民的銷售壓力。唯有如此，「社區支持型農業」的運作模式才有可能在台灣讓有機農業廣為拓展。
    In recent years, community-supported agriculture (CSA) has marked a new phase in the agricultural development. A mode of joint operation in the coordinaton between production and sales, it has attracted closer attention in
    Taiwan. With its initial intention to build up a mutually beneficial sharing economy, it takes a collective action to get it operated and promoted, and then, achieve its purpose. This research is intended to explore whether the CSA mode could contribute to the development in organic agriculture done in Xing-jian-cun, San-xing-xiang, I-lan County, to find problems and solutions in the integration of CSA mode into the development in organic agriculture there, and finally, to testify to the effectiveness of CSA mode in promoting the organic agriculture in Taiwan.
    Concerning the research method, this researcher targets at two different groups of subjects: producers and consumers. To be specific, producers refer to the farmers engaged in the organic agriculture in Xing-jian-cun, San-xing-xiang; consumers, the citizens mainly from Taipei City, New Taipei City, and I-lan County. Questionnaires given to the farmers and the citizens, and interviews with them are the major research tools to collect the responses they make to the questions on CSA and the organic agriculture and those to the attitude they hold toward them. Through designing, distributing, and collecting the questionnaires, and then conducting the interviews with them, data are then collected and analyzed.
    The research results indicate that the CSA mode could contribute to the development in organic agriculture done in Xing-jian-cun, San-xing-xiang, I-lan. Through the operation of CSA mode, both Xing-Jian Cooperative and farmers have a high opinion of collective action; meanwhile, farmers become aware of the potential profit that may come along with collective order. Nevertheless, the problems that lie ahead could be anticipated. One, in the six-month experiment, this researcher is responsible for getting consumers together to do the collective order of vegetable packaged in carton and sold by Xing-jian Cooperative, but this may not last any more in the wake of this study. The other, due to the shortage of human resources, Xing-jian Cooperative is unable to assign another full-time employees to be devoted to the operation and supervision of CSA mode; consequently, this would put the operation of CSA in an unfavorable situation. Worst of all, without the assistance of these employees, the farmers acting as producers would lose someone who can take a lead; the consumers would lose connections with the Cooperative. In evidence, the effective solutions that we could come up with are as follows. First, farmers in Xing-jian-cun, San-xing-xiang should make their greatest effort to seek an agreement and take a desperate measure, not letting the collective order be disconnected. Second, they should call on the Cooperative to recruit new full-time employees to the advantage of development in the organic agriculture.
    To solve the problems that may arise in putting the CSA mode into the promotion of organic agriculture, this study suggests that the connection between producers and consumers be strengthened. On the part of producers, the government should add more subsidies and human power in promoting the organic agriculture; on the part of consumers, the government should put more efforts in the education of organic agriculture, letting being organic be at the heart of people. Most important, the government should strongly supervise the progress of CSA mode practiced by the Cooperative, so as to reduce the pressure farmers may have on sales. Only with this could the CSA mode be spread in the promotion of organic agriculture in Taiwan.
    Reference: 一、中文文獻
    1. 日本第４回全国有機農業大会，生産者と消費者の提携の方法。http://www.joaa.net/mokuhyou/teikei.html
    2. 白仁德、吳貞儀，2010，「永續性農業運動—社區支持型農業與土地倫理的對話」，城市學學刊，1(2):1-35。
    3. 何欣芳，2011，「台灣原住民地區農業多功能性之研究—以新竹縣尖石鄉石磊部落為例」，國立政治大學地政研究所碩士論文。
    4. 吳東傑，2006，「臺灣的有機農業」，台北：遠足文化。
    5. 吳瓊恩，2002，「公共行政學發展趨勢的探究:三種治理模式的互補關係及其政治理論的基礎」，公共行政學報，7:173-220。
    6. 李良濤，王文惠，王忠義，宇振榮，2012，「日本和美國社區支持型農業的發展及其啟示」，中國農學通報，28(02):97-102
    7. 林炯丞，2011，「運用社群支持型農業促進台灣有機農業發展－大王菜舖子的個案研究」，國立東華大學自然資源與環境學系碩士論文。
    8. 社區夥伴、社區支持農業，日本有機社會運動：重建人與人的聯繫，網址: http://www.pcd.org.hk/csa/big5/experience01_02.html
    9. 倪禮豐，2007，「日本自然農法與循環農法簡介」，花蓮區農業專訊，60，17-22。
    10. 高金城，2013，「社區微型農業的創新經營模式」，國立交通大學客家文化學院客家社會與文化學程碩士論文。
    11. 陳怡婷，2008，「臺灣農地使用策略調整之研究—以農業多功能性為核心」，國立臺北大學不動產與城鄉環境學系碩士論文。
    12. 黃璋如，1997，「中德兩國有機農業之發展」， 國立宜蘭技術學院應用經濟系，農委會委託研究計畫報告。
    13. 臺東縣政府，2011，「從生產到產業－臺東健康農業活化整體規劃（第一階段）」，行政院經濟建設委員會補助直轄市及縣(市)政府辦理國家建設總合評估規劃。
    14. 趙念魯，2005，「桃園縣國小教師參與教師會之研究—集體行動理論之應用」，銘傳大學公共事務學系碩士在職專班學位論文。
    15. 劉凱翔，2007，「有機農業法規及政策之研究」，國立台灣大學農藝學系碩士論文。
    16. 樸門永續設計，社區支持農業 (Community Supported Agriculture) ，網址: http://www.permaculture.org.tw/node/20
    17. 賴爾柔、戴君玲，2009，「台灣社群支持型農業的特性與困境」，農業推廣文彙，54:41-52。
    18. 戴君玲，2010，「台灣社群支持型農業的發展與運作：島嶼社群生機農場的個案研究」，國立臺灣大學生物產業傳播暨發展學系碩士論文。
    19. 顏愛靜、吳宜庭，2013，「有機農業多功能性之初探：以宜蘭縣三星鄉行健村為例」，論文發表於<第五屆研究發展年會>，國立政治大學國家發展研究所：台北，民國102年11月9-10日。
    二、外文文獻
    1. Gall, R.,Schroder, B. (2006): “Agricultural producer cooperatives as strategic alliances”,International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 9, 4: pp. 26-44.
    2. Bauermeister, Jim.（1998） “CSA - A First Year`s Experience.(http://www.ruralroots.org/newsletters/BHHSP98.PDF)(2015/5/25).
    3. Falk, I., Kilpatrick, S. (2000): “What is a social capital? A study of interaction in a rural community”,Sociologia Ruralis, 40, 1: pp. 87-110.
    4. Galayda J.(2006).” Community Supported Agriculture, Economic Preference Theory and Subjective Well-Being” A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY.
    5. Jaimie Galayda.（2006）‘Community Supported Agriculture, Economic Preference Theory andSubjective Well-Being’June, 2006 pp.57
    6. Japan Organic Agriculture Association. (1993). &quot;TEIKEI&quot; system, the producer-consumer co-partnership and the Movement of the Japan Organic Agriculture Association. Paper presented at the The First IFOAM Asian Conference.
    7. Kolodinsky, Jane M. and Pelch, Leslie L.（1997）‘Factors influencing the decision to joina community supported agriculture (CSA) Farm’, Journal o f Sustainable Agriculture, Vol. 10 (2/3), pp. 129-141.
    8. LocalHarvest- Real Food,Real Farmers,Real Community. http://www.localharvest.org/csa/
    9. Meinzen-Dick R.,DiGregorio M.McCarthy N.(2004).”Methods for Studying Collective Action in Rural Development” Agricultural Systems Volume 82, Issue 3, December 2004, Pages 197–214.
    10. OECD (2013), Providing Agri-environmental Public Goods through Collective Action, OECD Publishing.http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264197213-en
    11. Olson, Mancur Jr.(1965). The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Harvard.MA: Harvard University Press.
    12. Ostrom, Marcia Ruth. （1997）‘Toward a Community Supported Agriculture: A CaseStudy o f Resistance and Change in the Modern Food System ’, Doctoral Thesis atthe University of Wisconsin-Madison.
    13. Spring Equinox(2008).” Bringing Home the Harvest Inland Northwest Community Food Systems Newsletter” Spring Equinox 1998 Volume 1, Number 1.
    14. Stagl, Sigrid.（2002）‘Local organic food markets: potentials and limitations for contributing to sustainable development”, Empirica, Vol. 29, pp.145-162.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    地政學系碩士在職專班
    101923006
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101923006
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Land Economics] Theses

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