Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/77174
|
| Title: | 網頁刺激設計與消費者情緒對線上咖啡購物之影響
The effects of website stimulus design and customer emotion on the purchase of online coffee bean |
| Authors: | 劉昱均
Liu, Yu chun |
| Contributors: | 李有仁
Eldon Y. Li
劉昱均
Liu, Yu chun |
| Keywords: | S-O-R模型
P-A-D量表
網頁刺激設計
聯覺效果
S-O-R model
P-A-D scale
website stimulus design
synesthesia |
| Date: | 2015 |
| Issue Date: | 2015-08-03 13:20:14 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 根據國際咖啡組織的統計資料顯示，全球咖啡需求不斷增加，對台灣人而言，咖啡也與國人生活息息相關。隨著電子商務的蓬勃發展，許多產業已由傳統商店轉戰線上虛擬商店，在這樣的趨勢下，網頁刺激設計的重要性也越來越受到重視，特別是對於普遍、可替代性高，且相當重要的咖啡豆而言。
然而，目前網頁呈現之相關研究認為消費者實際感受普遍局限於視、聽兩覺，除了這兩種感官，其他感官無法在網頁被操控，因此本研究除了希望探討網頁刺激設計對消費者於線上購買咖啡豆時情緒、態度及購買意圖的影響外，還企圖利用不同的視、聽覺刺激的組合，確認那些組合最能激發消費者的聯覺想像。
本研究採用實驗室問卷調查法，利用影片聲音有無、類3D照片效果有無以及快慢音樂節奏等不同的視覺與聽覺刺激變數組合，設計出8個網頁，並收集共120位受測者，邀請每位受測者觀看各種不同網頁設計元素所組成的網站，並搭配問卷調查以獲得實驗數據。
經過實驗結果分析，本研究發現不同的感官刺激組合確實能為消費者內心狀態與購買意圖帶來不同的影響效果，其中，正向愉悅度、支配度與網頁態度，搭配負向激發度的情緒、狀態組合最能激發消費者購買意圖；而類3D照片搭配快音樂節奏的組合除了最能為消費者創造上述內心狀態組合外，同時也是最能激發消費者聯覺效果的網頁刺激設計元素組合。
以上研究結果於學術上突破了現有文獻認為網頁上只能帶給消費者視覺、聽覺刺激的限制，於實務上除了提供最佳網頁設計元素與情緒組合的建議外，也發現用成本較低的類3D圖片便可同時達到提升購買意圖以及聯覺效果的目的，幫助企業能在激烈的電子商務競爭中脫穎而出，跳脫原本的價格策略，改而使用網頁設計的差異化來提升銷售量。
According to the statistical data of International Coffee Organization, the demand of coffee beans is increasing in the whole world. With the rapid development of electronic business, many industries tend to sell their products on the internet. And the importance of website stimulus design has been highly regarded, especially for those which are universal, highly substitutable, and highly valued coffee beans.
However, most of the studies related to web design think that consumer perception is limited to visual and aural stimuli; all senses can’t be manipulated on the website except these two senses. This study has two goals. First, we attempt to measure the effects of website stimulus design on consumer emotion and the intention to purchase coffee beans. Second, we experiment with the combinations of different visual and aural stimuli to confirm which kind of combination is most effective to arouse consumer’s synesthesia.
The study is conducted in the laboratory with questionnaires. Totally eight websites are designed with the presence or absence of video sound, quasi 3D or 2D photo, and music tempo speed. One hundred twenty (120) subjects are invited and asked to do the questionnaire after viewing these websites. The results of the experiment show that people’s organism and purchase intention are significantly affected by different website stimulus designs. Among them, the combination of positive pleasure, dominance and web attitude with negative arousal can bring consumers’ purchase intention most excitement. The combination of quasi 3D and fast-tempo music can not only help consumers to establish the internal state that we mentioned above, but also can arouse their synesthesia.
In terms of the academic contribution, the results of this study break the limitation of existing literature stating that only visual and aural senses can be delivered on the website. As for the practical contribution, we not only offer the suggestion of best stimulus combination and emotional combination for a website, but also get the empirical support that sellers may increase consumers’ purchase intention and synesthesia at the same time with low-cost quasi 3D photos. The outcome of the study can help sellers stay ahead in the fierce competition in online shopping environment. Using website stimulus design can enhance sellers’ sales, rather than just using the price strategy. |
| Reference: | (一) 中文部分
1. 政部關稅屬進出口資料(2014)，咖啡，不論是否焙製或去咖啡鹼者；咖啡荳殼與荳皮；含任何咖啡成分之咖啡代替品， http://portal.g0v.ronny.tw/index/goodid/901 (存取日期2015/1/8)
2. 雲端喝咖啡景氣佳 行動支付享折扣（2015），中時電子報，郭家崴/台北報導 http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20150112000644-260113 （存取日期 2015/3/10）。
3. 潤利艾克曼調研部(2015)，咖啡天下，誰”煮”浮沉，潤利艾克曼市調中心，2015年3月號。
4. 鄭子芸(2014)，新媒體時代的高消費網購族群，尼爾森媒體研究，2014年10月號。
(二) 英文部分
International Coffee Organization (2015). World coffee consumption. Retrieved July 27 2015. from http://www.ico.org/prices/new-consumption-table.pdf
Agarwal, J., & Malhotra, N. K. (2005). An integrated model of attitude and affect: Theoretical foundation and an empirical investigation. Journal of Business research, 58(4), 483-493.
Aleman, A., Rutten, G. J. M., Sitskoorn, M. M., Dautzenberg, G., & Ramsey, N. F. (2001). Activation of striate cortex in the absence of visual stimulation: an fMRI study of synesthesia. Neuroreport, 12(13), 2827-2830.
Alpert, J. I., & Alpert, M. I. (1990). Music influences on mood and purchase intentions. Psychology & Marketing, 7(2), 109-133.
Altarteer, S., Charissis, V., Harrison, D., & Chan, W. (2013). Interactive Virtual Reality Shopping and the Impact in Luxury Brands. In Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality. Systems and Applications (pp. 221-230). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Babakus, E., Cravens, D. W., Johnston, M., & Moncrief, W. C. (1999). The role of emotional exhaustion in sales force attitude and behavior relationships.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27(1), 58-70.
Barbiere, J. M., Vidal, A., & Zellner, D. A. (2007). The color of music: Correspondence through emotion. Empirical studies of the arts, 25(2), 193-208.
Bearden, W. O. (1977). Determinant attributes of store patronage-downtown versus outlying shopping centers. Journal of Retailing, 53(2), 15.
Bhumiratana, N., Adhikari, K., & Chambers, E. (2014). The development of an emotion lexicon for the coffee drinking experience. Food Research International, 61, 83-92.
Bien, N., ten Oever, S., Goebel, R., & Sack, A. T. (2012). The sound of size: crossmodal binding in pitch-size synesthesia: a combined TMS, EEG and psychophysics study. NeuroImage, 59(1), 663-672.
Biocca, F., Kim, J., & Choi, Y. (2001). Visual touch in virtual environments: An exploratory study of presence, multimodal interfaces, and cross-modal sensory illusions. Presence, 10(3), 247-265.
Brang, D., & Ramachandran, V. S. (2010). Visual field heterogeneity, laterality, and eidetic imagery in synesthesia. Neurocase, 16(2), 169-174.
Brown, M., Pope, N., & Voges, K. (2003). Buying or browsing? An exploration of shopping orientations and online purchase intention. European Journal of Marketing, 37(11/12), 1666-1684.
Bscheid, W., Frank, M., Klaus, M., Stickelbrucks, T., & Terruhn, D. (2010).Online Video Marketing.
Canter, D. V., & Craik, K. H. (1981). Environmental psychology. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 1(1), 1-11.
Chang, T. Z., & Wildt, A. R. (1994). Price, product information, and purchase intention: An empirical study. Journal of the Academy of Marketing science,22(1), 16-27.
Cheng, F. F., Wu, C. S., & Yen, D. C. (2009). The effect of online store atmosphere on consumer`s emotional responses–an experimental study of music and colour. Behaviour & Information Technology, 28(4), 323-334.
Chittaro, L., & Ranon, R. (2002, February). Dynamic generation of personalized VRML content: a general approach and its application to 3D e-commerce. InProceedings of the seventh international conference on 3D Web technology(pp. 145-154). ACM.
Choi, Y. K. The Effects of Presence and Tactile Illusion on Consumers’ Attitudes and Intentions: The Mediating Role of Mental Imagery and the moderators’ effects.
Coursaris, C. K., Swierenga, S. J., & Watrall, E. (2008). An empirical investigation of color temperature and gender effects on web aesthetics.Journal of Usability Studies, 3(3), 103-117.
Cyr, D. (2008). Modeling web site design across cultures: relationships to trust, satisfaction, and e-loyalty. Journal of Management Information Systems, 24(4), 47-72.
Cytowic, R. E., & Eagleman, D. (2009). Wednesday is indigo blue: Discovering the brain of synesthesia. MIT Press.
Cytowic, R. E., & Wood, F. B. (1982). Synesthesia: I. A review of major theories and their brain basis. Brain and cognition, 1(1), 23-35.
Dalla Bella, S., Peretz, I., Rousseau, L., & Gosselin, N. (2001). A developmental study of the affective value of tempo and mode in music.Cognition, 80(3), B1-B10.
Dholakia, U. M., & Rego, L. L. (1998). What makes commercial Web pages popular? An empirical investigation of Web page effectiveness. European Journal of Marketing, 32(7/8), 724-736.
Robert, D., & John, R. (1982). Store atmosphere: an environmental psychology approach. Journal of retailing, 58, 34-57.
Donovan, R. J., Rossiter, J. R., Marcoolyn, G., & Nesdale, A. (1994). Store atmosphere and purchasing behavior. Journal of retailing, 70(3), 283-294.
Dubé, L., Chebat, J. C., & Morin, S. (1995). The effects of background music on consumers` desire to affiliate in buyer‐seller interactions. Psychology & Marketing, 12(4), 305-319.
Duncan Herrington, J. (1996). Effects of music in service environments: a field study. Journal of Services Marketing, 10(2), 26-41.
El Sayed, I. M., Farrag, D. A., & Belk, R. W. (2004). The effects of physical surroundings on Egyptian consumers` emotional states and buying intentions.Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 16(1), 5-27.
Eroglu, S. A., Machleit, K. A., & Davis, L. M. (2003). Empirical testing of a model of online store atmospherics and shopper responses. Psychology & Marketing, 20(2), 139-150.
Finn, A. (1988). Print ad recognition readership scores: An information processing perspective. Journal of Marketing Research, 168-177.
Fiore, A. M., & Jin, H. J. (2003). Influence of image interactivity on approach responses towards an online retailer. Internet Research, 13(1), 38-48.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research.
Gehrke, D., & Turban, E. (1999, January). Determinants of successful website design: relative importance and recommendations for effectiveness. InSystems Sciences, 1999. HICSS-32. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Hawaii International Conference on (pp. 8-pp). IEEE.
Grossenbacher, P. G., & Lovelace, C. T. (2001). Mechanisms of synesthesia: cognitive and physiological constraints. Trends in cognitive sciences, 5(1), 36-41.
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational behavior and human performance, 16(2), 250-279.
Hagedorn, K. J. (2003). Drum talk: sweet and tasty rhythms for the orichas.Emergences, 13(1-2), 95-104.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis (Vol. 6). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Hausman, A. V., & Siekpe, J. S. (2009). The effect of web interface features on consumer online purchase intentions. Journal of Business Research, 62(1), 5-13.
Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. B. (2011). The Motivation to Work(Vol. 1). Transaction Publishers.
Hevner, K. (1935). The affective character of the major and minor modes in music. The American Journal of Psychology, 103-118.
Hong, W., Thong, J. Y., & Tam, K. Y. (2004). The effects of information format and shopping task on consumers` online shopping behavior: A cognitive fit perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 21(3), 149-184.
Howes, D. (2006). Hearing scents, tasting sights: Toward a cross-cultural multi-modal theory of aesthetics. Science, 27, 29.
Husain, G., Thompson, W. F., & Schellenberg, E. G. (2002). Effects of musical tempo and mode on arousal, mood, and spatial abilities. Music perception,20(2), 151-171.
Ione, A. (2009). Synesthesia: Art and the Mind 18 September–20 December 2008, The McMaster Museum of Art (in collaboration with the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behavior, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, and the 7th Annual Meeting of the American Synesthesia Association [ASA]). Leonardo, 42(3), 267-269.
Jai, T. M. C., O`Boyle, M. W., & Fang, D. (2014). Neural correlates of sensory‐enabling presentation: An fMRI study of image zooming and rotation video effects on online apparel shopping. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 13(5), 342-350.
Jeandrain, A. C. (2001). Consumer reactions in a realistic virtual shop: Influence on buying style. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 2(1), 2-9.
Khalfa, S., Roy, M., Rainville, P., Dalla Bella, S., & Peretz, I. (2008). Role of tempo entrainment in psychophysiological differentiation of happy and sad music?. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 68(1), 17-26.
Kim, J. H., Kim, M., & Lennon, S. J. (2009). Effects of web site atmospherics on consumer responses: music and product presentation. Direct Marketing: An International Journal, 3(1), 4-19.
Kim, J., & Forsythe, S. (2008). Sensory enabling technology acceptance model (SE‐TAM): A multiple‐group structural model comparison. Psychology & Marketing, 25(9), 901-922.
King, J. (2002). Using DVD feature films in the EFL classroom. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 15(5), 509-523.
Knöferle, K., & Spence, C. (2012). Crossmodal correspondences between sounds and tastes. Psychonomic bulletin & review, 1-15.
Koelsch, S., Fritz, T., Müller, K., & Friederici, A. D. (2006). Investigating emotion with music: an fMRI study. Human brain mapping, 27(3), 239-250.
Koo, D. M., & Ju, S. H. (2010). The interactional effects of atmospherics and perceptual curiosity on emotions and online shopping intention. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(3), 377-388.
Koo, D. M., & Lee, J. H. (2011). Inter-relationships among dominance, energetic and tense arousal, and pleasure, and differences in their impacts under online vs. offline environment. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1740-1750.
Kotler, P. (1973). Atmospherics as a marketing tool. Journal of retailing, 49(4), 48-64.
Koufaris, M. (2002). Applying the technology acceptance model and flow theory to online consumer behavior. Information systems research, 13(2), 205-223.
Li, H., Daugherty, T., & Biocca, F. (2002). Impact of 3-D advertising on product knowledge, brand attitude, and purchase intention: The mediating role of presence. Journal of Advertising, 31(3), 43-57.
Liang, C. J., & Chen, H. J. (2009). A study of the impacts of website quality on customer relationship performance. Total Quality Management, 20(9), 971-988.
Lim, C. H., Martin, T. G., & Kwak, D. H. (2010). Examining television consumers of mixed martial arts: The relationship among risk taking, emotion, attitude, and actual sportmedia-consumption behavior. International Journal of Sport Communication, 3(1), 49-63.
Lumpkin, J. R. (1985). Shopping orientation segmentation of the elderly consumer. Journal of the Academy of marketing Science, 13(1-2), 271-289.
Lutz, R. J., & Kakkar, P. (1975). The psychological situation as a determinant of consumer behavior. Advances in consumer research, 2(1), 439-453.
Müller, B., & Chandon, J. L. (2003). The impact of visiting a brand website on brand personality. Electronic Markets, 13(3), 210-221.
MacKenzie, S. B. (1986). The role of attention in mediating the effect of advertising on attribute importance. Journal of Consumer Research, 174-195.
Madsen, C. K. (1997). Emotional response to music as measured by the two-dimensional CRDI. Journal of Music Therapy, 34(3), 187-199.
Martínez-López, F. J., Luna, P., & José Martínez, F. (2005). Online shopping, the standard learning hierarchy, and consumers` internet expertise: An American-Spanish comparison. Internet Research, 15(3), 312-334.
Martinez, B., & Kim, S. (2012). Predicting purchase intention for private sale sites. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal,16(3), 342-365.
Martino, G., & Marks, L. E. (2001). Synesthesia: Strong and weak. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(2), 61-65.
Mattila, A. S., & Wirtz, J. (2001). Congruency of scent and music as a driver of in-store evaluations and behavior. Journal of retailing, 77(2), 273-289.
Mazaheri, E., Richard, M. O., & Laroche, M. (2011). Online consumer behavior: Comparing Canadian and Chinese website visitors. Journal of Business Research, 64(9), 958-965.
Mehrabian, A. (1976). Public places and private spaces: the psychology of work, play, and living environments. New York: Basic Books.
Mehrabian, A. (1991). Outline of a general emotion-based theory of temperament. In Explorations in Temperament (pp. 75-86). Springer US.
Mehrabian, A. (1997). Comparison of the PAD and PANAS as models for describing emotions and for differentiating anxiety from depression. Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment, 19(4), 331-357.
Mehrabian, A., & O`Reilly, E. (1980). Analysis of personality measures in terms of basic dimensions of temperament. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(3), 492.
Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J. A. (1974). An approach to environmental psychology. the MIT Press.
Miller, M. (2011). YouTube for business: Online video marketing for any business. Pearson Education.
Milliman, R. E. (1986). The influence of background music on the behavior of restaurant patrons. Journal of consumer research, 286-289.
Milliman, R. E., & Fugate, D. L. (1993). ATMOSPHERICS AS AN EMERGING INFLUENCE IN THE DESIGN OF EXCHANGE ENVIRONMENTS. Journal of Marketing Management (10711988), 3(1).
Miniard, P. W., Bhatla, S., Lord, K. R., Dickson, P. R., & Unnava, H. R. (1991). Picture-based persuasion processes and the moderating role of involvement.Journal of Consumer Research, 92-107.
Mondloch, C. J., & Maurer, D. (2004). Do small white balls squeak? Pitch-object correspondences in young children. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 4(2), 133-136.
Morris, J. D., & Boone, M. A. (1998). The effects of music on emotional response, brand attitude, and purchase intent in an emotional advertising condition. Advances in Consumer Research, 25(1), 518-526.
Morris, J. D., Woo, C., Geason, J. A., & Kim, J. (2002). The power of affect: Predicting intention. Journal of Advertising Research, 42(3), 7-18.
Mueller, E. (1963). Ten years of consumer attitude surveys: Their forecasting record. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58(304), 899-917.
Nelson, M. R., & Hitchon, J. C. (1999). Loud tastes, colored fragrances, and scented sounds: How and when to mix the senses in persuasive communications. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 76(2), 354-372.
Nielsen, J. (1999). User interface directions for the web. Communications of the ACM, 42(1), 65-72.
North, A. C. (2012). The effect of background music on the taste of wine.British Journal of Psychology, 103(3), 293-301.
North, A. C., & Hargreaves, D. J. (1998). The Effect of Music on Atmosphere and Purchase Intentions in a Cafeteria1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology,28(24), 2254-2273.
Olney, T. J., Holbrook, M. B., & Batra, R. (1991). Consumer responses to advertising: The effects of ad content, emotions, and attitude toward the ad on viewing time. Journal of Consumer Research, 440-453.
Palmer, J. W. (2002). Web site usability, design, and performance metrics.Information systems research, 13(2), 151-167.
Palmer, S. E., Schloss, K. B., Xu, Z., & Prado-León, L. R. (2013). Music–color associations are mediated by emotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(22), 8836-8841.
Parsons, A., & Conroy, D. (2006). Sensory stimuli and e‐tailers. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 5(1), 69-81.
Parsons, A. G. (2002). Non-functional motives for online shoppers: why we click. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 19(5), 380-392.
Porat, T., Liss, R., & Tractinsky, N. (2007). E-stores design: the influence of E-store design and product type on consumers’ emotions and attitudes. InHuman-Computer Interaction. HCI Applications and Services (pp. 712-721). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Ramachandran, V. S., & Brang, D. (2008). Tactile-emotion synesthesia.Neurocase, 14(5), 390-399.
Ramachandran, V. S., & Hubbard, E. M. (2001). Psychophysical investigations into the neural basis of synaesthesia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 268(1470), 979-983.
Ramachandran, V. S., Miller, L., Livingstone, M. S., & Brang, D. (2012). Colored halos around faces and emotion-evoked colors: a new form of synesthesia. Neurocase, 18(4), 352-358.
Richard, M. O. (2005). Modeling the impact of internet atmospherics on surfer behavior. Journal of business research, 58(12), 1632-1642.
Richardson, P., Jain, A. K., & Dick, A. (1996). The influence of store aesthetics on evaluation of private label brands. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 5(1), 19-28.
Rosen, D. E., & Purinton, E. (2004). Website design: Viewing the web as a cognitive landscape. Journal of Business Research, 57(7), 787-794.
Russell, J. A., & Mehrabian, A. (1977). Evidence for a three-factor theory of emotions. Journal of research in Personality, 11(3), 273-294.
Russell, J. A., & Pratt, G. (1980). A description of the affective quality attributed to environments. Journal of personality and social psychology, 38(2), 311.
Schellenberg, E. G., Nakata, T., Hunter, P. G., & Tamoto, S. (2007). Exposure to music and cognitive performance: Tests of children and adults. Psychology of Music, 35(1), 5-19.
Schlosser, A. E. (2003). Experiencing products in the virtual world: the role of goal and imagery in influencing attitudes versus purchase intentions. Journal of consumer research, 30(2), 184-198.
Schonberg, E., Cofino, T., Hoch, R., Podlaseck, M., & Spraragen, S. L. (2000). Measuring success. Communications of the ACM, 43(8), 53-57.
Song, J. H., & Zinkhan, G. M. (2003, March). Features of web site design, perceptions of web site quality, and patronage behavior. In ACME 2003 Proceedings (pp. 106-114).
Spangenberg, E. R., Crowley, A. E., & Henderson, P. W. (1996). Improving the store environment: do olfactory cues affect evaluations and behaviors?. The Journal of Marketing, 67-80.
Spangenberg, E. R., Grohmann, B., & Sprott, D. E. (2005). It`s beginning to smell (and sound) a lot like Christmas: the interactive effects of ambient scent and music in a retail setting. Journal of Business Research, 58(11), 1583-1589.
Spies, K., Hesse, F., & Loesch, K. (1997). Store atmosphere, mood and purchasing behavior. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 14(1), 1-17.
Suh, K. S., & Lee, Y. E. (2005). The effects of virtual reality on consumer learning: an empirical investigation. Mis Quarterly, 673-697.
Sweeney, J. C., & Wyber, F. (2002). The role of cognitions and emotions in the music-approach-avoidance behavior relationship. Journal of services marketing, 16(1), 51-69.
Swinyard, W. R. (1993). The effects of mood, involvement, and quality of store experience on shopping intentions. Journal of Consumer Research, 271-280.
Taylor, S. A., & Baker, T. L. (1994). An assessment of the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in the formation of consumers` purchase intentions. Journal of retailing, 70(2), 163-178.
Teo, H. H., Oh, L. B., Liu, C., & Wei, K. K. (2003). An empirical study of the effects of interactivity on web user attitude. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 58(3), 281-305.
Valdez, P., & Mehrabian, A. (1994). Effects of color on emotions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 123(4), 394.
Voss, K. E., Spangenberg, E. R., & Grohmann, B. (2003). Measuring the hedonic and utilitarian dimensions of consumer attitude. Journal of marketing research, 40(3), 310-320.
Wayland, J. P., Simpson, L. D., & Kemmerer, B. E. (2003). Rural retailing: Understanding the multi-channel outshopper. A. o. Educators (Dü.), Advances in Marketing içinde, 38-47.
Wicker, F. W., & Holahan, C. K. (1978). Analogy training and synesthetic phenomena. The Journal of General Psychology, 98(1), 113-122.
Wu, W. Y., Lee, C. L., Fu, C. S., & Wang, H. C. (2013). How can online store layout design and atmosphere influence consumer shopping intention on a website?. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 42(1), 4-24.
Yoo, C., Park, J., & MacInnis, D. J. (1998). Effects of store characteristics and in-store emotional experiences on store attitude. Journal of Business Research, 42(3), 253-263.
Zhang, P., & Von Dran, G. M. (2000). Satisfiers and dissatisfiers: A two‐factor model for website design and evaluation. Journal of the American society for information science, 51(14), 1253-1268. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊管理研究所
102356011 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102356011 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [資訊管理學系] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 601101.pdf | 1417Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 472 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
