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| Title: | 台灣學校建築的發展和方向 |
| Other Titles: | The Development and Direction of School Buildings in Taiwan |
| Authors: | 湯志民 |
| Contributors: | 教育系 |
| Keywords: | 臺灣;學校建築 |
| Date: | 1997-01 |
| Issue Date: | 2015-04-24 14:38:40 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 臺灣學校建築的發展，可以日據時代為分水嶺，分為三大時期：一為清前時期 (1895年以前) ；二為日據時代(1895~1945年) ；三為光復以後 (1945年以後) 。 清前時期的文教背景，可分為三個階段：第一階段係鄭成功到臺灣 (1661年) 以前，沒有成立任何文教機構；第二階段為明鄭時期 (1661~1683年) ，臺南孔廟落成，是臺灣文教的開始；第三階段為滿清時期 (1684~1895年) ，以書院的設置為重點，書院空間的配置，大體分為精神、教學、居住、行政、藏書、服務和交通等七類。 日據時代，標準化的學校建築，四合院式的校舍，莊嚴肅穆，尊重紀律與 命令。此期，教會所興建的學校，造形上融合臺灣民居，充分反映外來建築樣 式與臺灣本地建築之間如何並存設計的問題。 臺灣光復以後學校建築的重要發展，包括六○年代國中校舍的設計，以波浪式屋頂和標準圖為特色，「波浪式屋頂」象徵三民主義和倫理、民主、科學，以及九年國民教育。七○年代的學校建築，雖然校地在擴充中，校舍也積極的修建，但各項設施設備的仍甚缺之。八○年代的學校建築，新設學校皆有整體性的規畫，尤其是無圍牆學校和開放空間學校的設計，使臺灣學校建築的發展邁向新的里程碑。 未來臺灣學校建築規畫的努力方向為：(1) 形塑臺灣學校建築的風格；(2) 重視本土教育的學校環境；(3) 規畫開放空間的教育環境；(4) 建立兩性平權的 校園空間；(5) 加強無障礙校園環境設施；(6) 推展學校建築與社區融合。
The turning point of the development of school buildings in Taiwan can be traced back to the Japanese Govermnent Ruling Time and divided into three periods: pre-Ching Dynasty (~1895), Japanese Government Ruling Time( 1895~1945) and after retrocession(1945~). The background of culture and education in the pre-Ching Dynasty can be divided into three phrases: the first phrase was before Cheng Cheng-Kung came to Taiwan which none of the cultural and educational institution existed during this period. The second phrase was during Ming-Cheng period( 1661~1683). At this time, the establishment of Tainan Confucian Temple starting off the culture and education in Taiwan. The last phrase, Ching-Dynasty(1684-1895), emphasis particularly on the setting of Reading Colleges. The space of Readaing Colleges were generally arranged in 7 sections: the spiritual section, lecture section, dormitory, library, student union and commuting section. In the Japanese Government Ruling Time, the structure of schools in Taiwan was standardized as four compounds houses with a courtyard in the middle. This type of building reflected solemn and respect for discipline with order. On the other side, in terms of structure, the schools built by church in Taiwan at that time combined both Taiwanese civilian houses with foreign designs which reflected the problem of the adjustment between foreign designs and local designs. That is, how to put foreign structure concept into local school buildings in Taiwan. The important development of school buildings after retrocession in Taiwan included the design of 60`s junior high school building with the character of " waved roof and standard plans". The " waved roof" symbolized the Three Principles, ethics, democracy, science and in addition of 9 years compulsory education. Later on ,when it came with 70`s school buildings, despite the fact that school sites were in the process of expanding and school buildings were actively reconstructed, the facilities were still very poor. The 80`s school buildings had an overall site plan especially the design of schools without walls and more open space which leaded the development of school buildings in Taiwan into a new milestone. The direction of future structural planning of school buildings in Taiwan are: 1 )working on Taiwanese-type school building 2) creating a school environment which emphasis indigenous education 3) establishing an open space educated environment 4) setting up a school environment emphasis equal rights between men and women 5) enhance the handicapped facilities in schools 6) To promot inegration between schools and community. |
| Relation: | 初等教育學刊, 6, 143-196 |
| Data Type: | article |
| Appears in Collections: | [教育學系] 期刊論文
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