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| Title: | 青少年由寄養家庭轉安置機構經驗之初探
Exploring the Experiences of Teenagers who Drifting from Foster Families to Residential Care Facilities |
| Authors: | 蔡舒涵
Tsai, Shu Han |
| Contributors: | 謝美娥
Hsieh, Mei O
蔡舒涵
Tsai, Shu Han |
| Keywords: | 轉安置
寄養家庭
安置機構
家外安置
青少年
replacement
foster family
residential care facilities
out-of-home care
teenagers |
| Date: | 2011 |
| Issue Date: | 2015-03-02 10:17:17 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 家外安置是兒童保護服務中重要的一環，許多研究資料顯示，兒少因著不同因素在許多安置機構中流盪的情形日漸頻繁，當中尤以寄養家庭轉換至安置機構居多。本研究藉由質性研究的方法，探討青少年從寄養家庭轉換到安置機構的經驗，包含他們如何看待兩種安置環境的異同，與自己的轉安置經驗，以及在轉安置過程中面臨的困境與因應策略。透過研究希望了解：第一，青少年如何看待寄養家庭與安置機構兩種不同安置環境所提供服務之差異。第二，了解青少年的轉安置經驗，及他們在轉換過程中的主觀感受。第三，從生態系統理論與因應理論觀點，分析青少年轉安置原因，以及在轉換過程中面對的問題與因應方式。本研究更同時訪談轉安置青少年與服務過轉安置青少年的社工人員，以提高資料的多元性。
依據研究目的，研究者以立意取樣的方式，挑選台北市、新北市與新竹縣共四所兒童少年安置及教養機構中，符合條件的青少年與社工人員共十四位進行一對一的深度訪談，研究結果如下列幾點：
一、轉安置青少年認為寄養家庭與安置機構在三個層面上有所差異，(一)物質生活與規範層面；(二)角色關係層面，又區分為照顧者方面與同住同儕方面；(三)情緒層面。
二、青少年認為轉安置對他們的影響包含正向與負向兩者，(一)負向影響：出現自我實現預言、感到自卑與自責、失去安全感、產生情緒疏離、難以建立穩定親密關係、出現兩極化的人際互動型態、改變人際關係、影響學校課業、未來社經地位低、人際關係疏離、社會支持系統薄弱；(二)正向影響：淡化不幸感受、減少偏差行為、發展個人優勢、培養樂觀心態。
三、從生態系統觀點探討青少年轉安置的原因，包含(一)微視系統：青少年具嚴重偏差行為、寄養父母照顧負荷沉重、寄養父母對青少年有刻板印象、寄養家庭不當對待；(二)外部系統：社會局進行家庭重整失敗、法院轉向安置、
寄養床位不足、寄養年限規範；(三)鉅視系統：寄養家庭較適合幼童的社會價值觀、獨立生活準備的價值觀。
四、青少年轉安置後面臨的困境主要有三個方面，(一)機構生活方面：不適應機構作息與規範、不適應團體生活、對機構的期待與現實落差大；(二)學校方面：人際關係差、課業壓力沉重；(三)個人情緒方面：因機構污名化到自卑、離開寄養家庭出現分離焦慮、人際關係不佳引發情緒困擾。
五、青少年面對轉安置困境所採取的因應策略，可區分為「問題焦點」與「情感焦點」兩大項：(一)問題焦點：直接表現攻擊或偏差行為、運用問題解決技巧、尋求重要他人協助、間接逃避問題、忽視問題、抱持樂觀看法，及忍耐不採取任何行動；(二)情感焦點：直接談論壓力來源以抒發情緒、從事嗜好轉移注意力、哭泣、情緒抒離、自我傷害，及不採取任何行動。
六、本研究針對家外安置服務體系、實務工作方向、政府政策及未來研究此四方面提出建議，作為未來相關領域的機構和社工人員服務與研究之參考。
Out-of-home caring is crucial in one of the child protection services, however previous studies have shown that the number of drifting youngsters is increasing. Most of them drift between foster families and residential care facilities. As results, we focused on the drifting experiences of teenagers by using qualitative analysis. The experiences include the differences between two environments and their own moving experiences, difficulties, and solutions.
This study is trying to understand several facts in child drifting. First, in the teenagers’ point of view what are the differences between two environments, foster families and residential care facilities? Second, we tried to understand their feelings and experiences in transition. In addition, we analyzed the reasons, difficulties and solutions of placement movement via ecological and coping theories. Moreover, by increasing the variability in this study, we also interviewed the drifted teenagers and social workers who worked with this particular field.
For our research purpose, we purposely sampled 14 teenagers and social workers in the foster families and residential care facilities in Taipei, Hsinchu city, and Hsinchu County. After one-on-one interview, we found sex results, which include:
First, the replaced teenagers noted that there are three differences between foster families and residential care facilities, material provided, morals and rules, and their relationships (both the person took care of them and roommates).
Second, the replacement experiences provided both positive and negative influences. The negative influences are self-fulfilling prophecy, low self-esteem and self-blame, loss of sense of security, emotional alienation, difficulties in stable intimate relationships, polarized patterns of human interactions, changing relationships, affected school works, low social and economic status in the future, interpersonal alienation, and weak social supporting systems. On the other hand, the positive affections include faded unfortunate feelings, reduced deviant behavior, personal strengths developed, and optimism cultivation.
Third, we investigated the reasons of teenagers’ replacement via ecosystems perspective through micro system, external systems, and macro system. In the reasons of micro system, we have shown serious deviant behavior teenagers, heavy loaded foster parents, stereotyped foster parents, and foster families mistreatment; in external systems, family with failed reorganized by Social Bureau, placement decision made by the court, inadequate beds in foster care, time limitation in foster family; in macroscopic system, the foster home is more suitable for the social values of younger children, and the preparation of living independently.
In addition, we found three main difficulties in replaced teenager: In the aspect of organization, they have problems in getting used to the lives and norms in the facility, group life, and the gap between the expectations for the organization versus the reality. In school, they face with poor social relationships and heavy loading in school works. In emotional aspects, they have low self-esteem due to social stigma, separation anxiety when leaving the foster families, and poor interpersonal relationships which cause emotional distress.
Furthermore, the solutions for replacement problems can be divided into two aspects, "problem" and "emotional." In problem aspect, they tend to show a direct attraction or deviant behavior, they used problem-solving skills, seeking for helps from others, evading the issue, ignoring the problem, having optimistic thoughts, and the patience of not taking any action. As for emotional aspect, they talked out the pressure by directly expressing the emotion, diverted attention by doing hobbits, cried, expressed emotions by self-hurting, and not to take any action.
In conclusion, this study focused on and provided suggestions in the system of out-of-home replacement services, the practical direction of services, and future government policies and researches. Our researches can serve as a reference for the policies of related facilities and future social workers. |
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
社會工作研究所
97264001
100 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097264001 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [社會工作研究所] 學位論文
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