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    題名: 從知識管理觀點探討研究機構研發團隊之衍生創業
    A Study of the Spin-off Process of A Research Institute’s R&D Team from the Perspective of Knowledge Management
    作者: 胡欣怡
    Hu, Hsin Yi
    貢獻者: 吳豐祥
    胡欣怡
    Hu, Hsin Yi
    關鍵詞: 知識管理
    創業
    衍生企業
    研究機構
    日期: 2013
    上傳時間: 2014-11-03 10:17:21 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 公共研究機構經由商品化過程，可將研發創新的成果擴散至產業，這樣的產研連結被視為是提升產業競爭力的關鍵要素之一，因此，研究機構的衍生創業議題近年來亦逐漸受到重視。然而創業過程牽涉的活動相當複雜，而且，研究機構研發團隊成員主要為技術背景，缺乏商業相關知識，因此，進行創新創業時，面臨到很大的挑戰。本研究從知識管理的觀點出發，將研究機構研發團隊衍生創業過程分為研究開發、商業轉化、新事業、經營維持四階段，深入探討各階段中，關鍵知識的差異與變化。此外，本研究也分析衍生創業各階段之知識管理活動的重點，並探討這些知識管理活動與創業活動的關聯性，期望能發展出研究機構衍生創業的有效知識管理模式，以提生創業的績效。
    本研究透過深入的個案研究發現，研究機構研發團隊在衍生創業的四個階段中，各有不同的關鍵知識，也發現這些研發團隊可透過不同的知識管理活動，來降低創業的風險與不確定性，進而提升了衍生創業的績效。本研究進一步得到以下結論：
    一、研究機構研發團隊衍生創業各階段皆有不同目標與創業活動，其關鍵知識也各有差異：(1)研究開發期之關鍵知識為「技術知識」；(2)商業轉化期之關鍵知識為「技術知識」與「市場知識」；(3)新事業期之關鍵知識為「技術知識」、「市場知識」與「管理知識」；(4)經營維持期之關鍵知識為「市場知識」與「管理知識」。
    二、研究機構研發團隊衍生創業各階段中不同關鍵知識，其複雜度、深度與廣度等性質會隨階段發展而逐漸轉化。
    三、研究機構研發團隊在衍生創業的不同階段，會分別著重不同的知識管理活動，以期創業活動的進行更加順利，進而提升創業的績效。(1)研究開發期著重於「技術知識的分享與創造」；(2)商業轉化期著重於「技術知識的創造」與「市場知識的獲取」；(3)新事業期著重於「市場知識獲取」、「管理知識創造」以及「技術知識」與「市場知識」跨領域分享；(4)經營維持期著重於「管理知識創造」以及「技術知識與市場知識跨領域分享」。
    四、研究機構研發團隊在衍生創業的過程中，會透過有效的知識管理活動，來促進關鍵創業活動的執行，進而提升創業的績效。
    在理論貢獻方面，本研究以知識為焦點，檢視研究機構研發團隊衍生創業過程中，知識管理活動與創業活動的關聯性，並提出以知識管理為基礎的衍生創業管理模型。
    在實務應用方面，本研究的成果可以提供研究機構研發團隊之衍生創業有關如何透過適當的知識管理活動來提升創業績效之參考。依據研究發現與結論，本研究針對衍生創業團隊提出了以下的建議：
    1. 宜塑造組織內知識分享的環境與氛圍。
    2. 宜即早進行市場知識的獲取，增加市場知識內涵的寬度與廣度。
    3. 宜在衍生創業之前完成原型產品，以降低風險與不確定性。
    4. 宜在衍生創業之前建立量產製程技術，以降低風險與不確定性。
    5. 宜加強技術知識之應用性與市場性內涵。
    6. 宜重視市場知識與技術知識之連結與相關活動。
    表目錄 III
    圖目錄 IV
    第一章 緒論 1
    第一節 研究背景與研究動機 1
    第二節 研究目的與研究問題 11
    第三節 研究範疇 13
    第四節 論文內容概述 13
    第二章 文獻探討 15
    第一節 研究機構的發展與特性 15
    第二節 創業管理 20
    第三節 知識管理 41
    第四節 文獻探討總結與本研究重點論述 48
    第五節 本研究架構發展 58
    第三章 研究方法 60
    第一節 研究方法 60
    第二節 研究對象與個案選取 62
    第三節 資料來源與蒐集 64
    第四節 資料整理與分析 66
    第四章 研究個案 69
    第一節 醫療器材產業概述 69
    第二節 工研院醫用超音波影像研究計畫研發創新與衍生創業歷程 74
    第五章 個案研究分析發現與命題推導 109
    第一節 個案研究分析與發現 109
    第二節 命題推導 134
    第六章、結論與建議 141
    第一節 結論 141
    第二節 研究貢獻、建議與限制 148
    參考文獻 156
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