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    Title: 戰爭遺留問題對美國對越南政策之影響(1975-2012)
    The Legacy of War and Its Impact on U.S. Foreign Policy to Vietnam (1975-2012)
    Authors: 黃子揚
    Huang, Zi Yang
    Contributors: 盧業中
    Lu, Yeh Chung
    黃子揚
    Huang, Zi Yang
    Keywords: 美國對越南政策
    和解
    失蹤美軍
    地雷與未爆彈
    落葉劑
    Date: 2013
    Issue Date: 2014-11-03 10:16:51 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 1975年4月30日，西貢淪陷，北越併吞南越，美軍倉促撤離中南半島。越南戰爭看似正式劃下休止符，但戰爭遺留下的「失蹤美軍」、「地雷與未爆彈」、及「落葉劑」等問題仍懸而未決。越戰結束至今近40年，隨著戰後美越關係高低起伏發展，戰爭遺留問題亦如「荊棘」般鑲嵌其中，成為戰後兩國進行「化敵為友」時之當務之急。當前華盛頓與河內正攜手發展更全面、緊密的夥伴關係，雙方在外交、經貿、安全、及民間交流等各層面日益深化，戰爭遺留問題之處理成效亦成為吾人觀察美越關係時的一項重要指標。
    Reference: 一、中文部份
    （一）專書
    周煦，冷戰後美國的東亞政策(1989-1997)（台北：生智，1999年）。
    張良任，尼克森政府的越南政策（台北：台灣商務印書館，1983年）。
    梁錦文，後冷戰時期之越南外交政策（台北：翰蘆圖書出版有限公司，2002年）。
    陳鴻瑜，東南亞政治論衡(一)(二)（台北：翰蘆圖書出版有限公司，2001年）。
    陳鴻瑜，越南近現代史（台北：鼎文書局，2009年）。
    羅伯特．史丘欽格(Robert D. Schulzinger)著，席代岳譯，鏖鬥的年代 :1941至
    1975年的美越關係（台北 : 麥田出版，2001年）。
    顧長永，越南-巨變的二十年（台北：台灣商務，2007年）。

    （二）期刊文章
    宋鎮照，「美國霸權在亞太地區之挑戰」，美歐月刊，第11卷第3期（1996年），頁23-39。
    李國雄，「柯林頓政府與美國對東南亞政策」，美歐月刊，第11卷第12期（1996年），頁31-43。
    李國雄，「美越建交與東南亞區域安全」，美歐月刊，第10卷第9期（1995年），頁133-149。
    帕特裏克‧萊希(Patrick J. Leahy)，「『萊希戰爭受害者基金』—美國人道主義援助的重要群組成部分」，美國國務院電子刊，第9卷第1期（2004年1月），瀏覽於http://www.americancorner.org.tw/zh/protecting-lives-restoring-livelihoods/leahy.htm (瀏覽日期 2013/8/27)。
    林文程，「戰後美越關係之回顧與前瞻」，美歐月刊，第10卷第3期（1995年），頁4-13。
    陳鴻瑜，「後冷戰時期東南亞之區域安全」，戰略與國際研究，第1 卷第1期（1999年），頁16-58。
    陳鴻瑜，「後冷戰時期美國之亞太政策」，美國月刊，第7卷第7期（1999年），頁64-71。
    楊昊，「美-越關係近期發展的戰略意涵」，戰略安全研析，第88期（2012年8月），頁38-47。
    魏良才，「越戰故事中未完結的篇章：美國『戰俘』及『失蹤美軍』問題之探討」，國立政治大學歷史學報，第17期（2000年），頁289-319。

    二、英文部份
    （一）專書（含專書論文）
    Brown, Frederick Z., “The United States and Vietnam: Road to Normalization,” in Richard N. Haass and Meghan L. O`Sullivan eds., Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions, and Foreign Policy (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2000), pp. 137-158.
    Brzezinski, Zbigniew, Power and Principle: Memoirs of the National Security Advisor, 1977-1981 (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1983).
    Childress, Richard T. and Stephen J. Solarz, “Vietnam: Detours on the Road to Normalization,” in C. Richard Nelson and Kenneth Weisbrode eds., Reversing Relations with Former Adversaries: U.S. Foreign Policy after the Cold War (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1998), pp. 88-125.
    Fox, Diane Niblack, “Agent Orange: Coming to Terms with a Transnational Legacy,” in Soctt Laderman and Edwin A. Martini eds., Four Decades on: Vietnam, the United States, and the Legacies of the Second Indochina War (Durham: Duke University Press, 2013), pp. 207-241.
    Franklin, H. Bruce, M. I. A. or Mythmaking in America (New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1992).
    Hess, Gary R., Vietnam and the United States: Origins and Legacy of War (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1990).
    Kenny, Henry, Shadow of the Dragon: Vietnam’s Continuing Struggle with China and the Implications for U.S. Foreign Policy (Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s, 2002).
    Martini, Edwin A., Agent Orange: History, Science and the Politics of Uncertainty (Amherst, Mass.: University of Massachusetts Press, 2012).
    Martini, Edwin A., Invisible Enemies: The American War on Vietnam, 1975-2000 (Amherst, Mass: University of Massachusetts Press, 2006).
    Mather, Paul D., M.I.A.: Accounting for the Missing in Southeast Asia (Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 1994).
    Menétrey-Monchau, Cécile, American-Vietnamese Relations in the Wake of War: Diplomacy after the Capture of Saigon, 1975-1979 (Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2006).
    Morris, Stephen J., Why Vietnam Invaded Cambodia: Political Culture and the Causes of War, (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999).
    Pike, Douglas, Vietnam and the Soviet Union: Anatomy of an Alliance (Boulder: Westview Press, 1987).
    Schulzinger, Robert D., A Time for Peace: the Legacy of Vietnam War (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006).
    Westing, Arthur H., “Assault on the Environment,” in Long-Term Consequences of the Vietnam War: Ecosystems (Stockholm: Föreningen Lavande Framtid, 2002).
    Westing, Arthur H., “Herbicides in Warfare” The Case of Indochina,” in P. Bourdeau, J. A. Haines, W. Klein and C. R. Krishna Murti eds., Ecotoxicology and Climate: With Special Reference to Hot and Cold Climates (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1989), pp. 337-357
    Young, Alvin L., The History, Use, Disposition and Environmental Fate of Agent Orange (New York: Springer, 2009).

    （二）期刊文章
    Avery, Dorothy R., “Vietnam in 1992: Win Some; Lose Some,” Asian Survey, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Jan. 1993), pp. 67-74.
    Brown, Frederick Z., “Winning in Vietnam,” SAIS Review, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Winter-Spring 1993), pp. 61-76.
    Brown, Fredrick Z., “Rapprochement between Vietnam and the United States,” Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 32, No. 3 (2010), pp. 317-342.
    Butler, Declan, “US Abandons Health Study on Agent Orange,” Nature, Vol. 434 (April 2005), p. 687.
    Cain, Geoffrey and Joshua Kurlantzick, “Agent of Influence: The Realpolitik Case for Compensating Vietnam,” Washington Monthly, Vol. 42, No. 1/2 (January/February 2010), pp. A3-A7.
    Cima, Ronald J., “Vietnam in 1989: Initiation the Post-Cambodia Period,” Asian Survey, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Jan. 1990), pp. 88-95.
    Clinton, Bill, “U.S. Normalizes Diplomatic Relations with Vietnam,” U.S. Department of State Dispatch, Vol. 6, No. 28 (July 1995), pp. 551-554.
    Duiker, William J., “Vietnam in 1985: Searching for Solutions,” Asian Survey, Vol. 26, No. 1 (January 1986), pp. 102-111.
    Esterline, John H., “Vietnam in 1987: Steps toward Rejuvenation,” Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 1(Jan. 1988), pp. 86-94.
    FitzGerald, Katie, “Vietnam,” The Journal of ERW and Mine Action, Vol. 10, No. 2 (Winter 2006), at http://maic.jmu.edu/journal/10.2/profiles/vietnam/vietnam.htm (visited in 2013/6/19).
    Franklin, H. Bruce, “The POW/MIA Myth,” The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 268, No. 6 (December 1991), pp. 45-81.
    Franklin, H. Bruce, “Who’s behind the M.I.A. Scam—&Why,” The Nation, December 7, 1992, pp. 699-704.
    Gilson, Chris, “The Deadly Legacy of War in Vietnam,” America Magazine, June 3, 2000, pp. 9-10.
    Goodman, Allen E., “Vietnam’s Post-Cold War Diplomacy and the U.S. Response,” Asian Survey, Vol. 33, No. 8 (Aug. 1993), pp. 832-847.
    Henning, Charles A., “POWs and MIAs: Status and Accounting Issues,” CRS Report, RL33452 (June 2006), pp. 1-13.
    Jespersen, T. Christopher, “The Bitter End and the Lost Chance in Vietnam: Congress, the Ford Administration, and Battle over Vietnam, 1975-76,” Diplomatic History, Vol. 24, Issue 2 (2000), pp. 265-293.
    Kerry, John, “Looking Ahead: The United States and Vietnam,” Harvard International Review, Vol. 93, Issue 4 (Summer 1993), pp.36-40.
    Kimmitt, Robert M., “Diplomatic Efforts to Resolve the POW/MIA Issue in the Past Year,” U.S. Department of State Dispatch, Vol. 2, No. 31 (August 1991), pp. 570-571.
    Lord, Winston “U.S.-Vietnam POW/MIA Progress: Lifting the Embargo,” U.S. Department of State Dispatch, Vol. 5, No. 9 (February 1994), pp. 105-110.
    Manyin, Mark E., “The Vietnam-US Normalization Process,” CRS Report, IB98033 (2002), pp. 1-16.
    Manyin, Mark E., “U.S.-Vietnam Relations in 2011: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy,” CRS Report, R40208 (2012), pp. 1-33.
    Manyin, Mark E., William H. Cooper and Bernard A. Gelb, “Vietnam PNTR Status and WTO Accession: Issues and Implication for the United States,” CRS Report, RL33490 (2006), pp. 1-27.
    Martin, Michael, “Vietnamese Victims of Agent Orange and U.S.-Vietnam Relations,” CRS Report, RL34761 (August 2012), pp. 1-39.
    Musil, Robert K., “Manipulating the MIAs,” The Nation, October 9, 1976, pp. 331-334.
    Palmer, Michael G., “The Case of Agent Orange,” Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 29, No. 1 (April 2007), pp. 172-195.
    Paterson, Ted and Thao Griffiths, “Assessment of Vietnam’s National Mine Action Program,” The Journal of ERW and Mine Action, Vol. 17, No. 2 (Summer 2013), pp. 17-21.
    Perlstein, Ari D. and Imbert Matthee, “ERW and Survivor Assistance in Central Vietnam,” The Journal of ERW and Mine Action, Vol. 12, No. 1 (Summer 2008), at http://maic.jmu.edu/journal/12.1/focus/perlstein/perlstein.htm (visited in 2013/6/19).
    Pham, J. Peter, “From Normalization to Partnership: An Overview of Relations between the United States and Vietnam,” American Foreign Policy Interests, Vol.27, Issue 5 (Oct. 2005), pp. 407-418.
    Pike, Douglas, “Vietnam in 1990: The Last Picture Show,” Asian Survey, Vol. 31, No. 1 (Jan. 1991), pp. 79-86.
    Pike, Douglas, “Vietnam in 1993: Uncertainty Closes In,” Asian Survey, Vol. 34, No. 1 (1994), pp. 64-71.
    Pregelj, Vladimir N., “The Jackson-Vanik Amendment: A Survey,” CRS Report, 98-545 (2005), pp. 1-19.
    Richburg, Keith, “Back to Vietnam,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 70, Issue 4 (1991), pp. 111-131.
    Stellman, Jeanne Mager, Steve D. Stellman, Richard Christian, Tracy Weber and Carrie Tomasallo, “The Extent and Patterns of Usage of Agent Orange and other Herbicides in Vietnam,” Nature, Vol. 422 (April 2003), pp. 681-687.
    Stellman, Steven D. and Jeanne M. Stellman, “Exposure Opportunity models for Agent Orange, Dioxin, and other Military Herbicides used in Veitnam, 1961-1971,” Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, Vol. 14, No. 4 (2004), pp. 354-362.
    Sutton, David L. and J. Emmett Winn, “Do We Get to Win this Time?: POW/MIA Rescue Films and the American Monomyth,” Journal of American & Comparative Cultures, Vol. 24, no. 1-2 (Spring/Summer 2001), pp. 25-30.
    Thayer, Carlyle A., “Vietnam in 2000: Toward Ninth Party Congress,” Asian Survey, Vol. 41, No. 1. (January/February 2001), pp. 181-188.
    Womack, Brantly, “Vietnam in 1995: Success in Peace,” Asian Survey, Vol. 36, No. 1 (Jan. 1996), pp. 73-82.
    Young, Alvin L. and William B. Andrews, “Agent Orange and Dioxin Remediation Workshop,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 12, Issue 6 (November 2005), pp. 391-392.
    Young, Alvin L., William J. Van Houten and William B. Andrews, “2nd Agent Orange and Dioxin Remediation Workshop,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 15, Issue 2 (March 2008), pp. 113-118.

    （三）新聞資料
    “U.S. Calls Hanoi Talks ‘Most Positive’ in 12Years, The New York Times, September 4, 1985.
    “U.S. and Hanoi Express Satisfaction after Talks,” The New York Times, January 7, 1986.
    “Reagan Says Ties to Hanoi Hinge on Issue of the Missing,” The New York Times, July 30, 1988.

    “Files Said to Show Hanoi Lied in ’72 on Prisoner Totals,” The New York Times, April 12, 1993.
    “Stop Punishing Vietnam,” The New York Times, June 27, 1993.
    “OPENING TO VIETNAM: THE INVESTORS; For Business, A Decision Aiding Trade,” The New York Times, July 12, 1995.
    “U.S.-Vietnam Ties: War Is Yesterday, Hope Is Today,” The New York Times, August 6, 1995.
    “Cohen Looks To Closer Ties with Vietnam,” The New York Times, March 15, 2000.
    “Clinton to Try to Juggle Past Horrors and Future Hopes on Vietnam Visit,” The New York Times, November 16, 2000.
    “Rumsfeld, Visiting Vietnam, Seals Accord to Deepen Military Cooperation,” The New York Times, June 6, 2006.
    “4 Decades on, U.S. Starts Cleanup of Agent Orange in Vietnam,” The New York Times, August 9, 2012.
    “In Vietnam, Clinton Urges Reconciliation; President Promises to Open `New Chapter` in Relationship,” The Washington Post, November 18, 2000.
    “Vietnam, U.S. to Improve Intelligence, Military Ties; Premier Discusses Goals Before Visit,” The Washington Post, June 17, 2005.
    “Vietnam Says 100,000 Killed or Hurt by Landmine, other Explosive since End of Vietnam War,” The Washington Post, December 5, 2011.
    “Landmines Still Exacting a Heavy Toll on Vietnamese Civilians,” The Guardian, September 18, 2012.
    “U.S. to Clean up Toxic Agent Orange Residue 40 Years after Vietnam war,” The Guardian, August 9, 2012.
    “Cohen Begins Vietnam Visit, Pushes for Relations between Militaries for the Record, Los Angeles Times, March 14, 2000.
    “Vietnam Seeks $500 Mln to Clear war-era bombs, mines,” Reuters, December 5, 2011.

    （四）金氏世界紀錄(Keesing’s Record of World Events)
    Keesing’s Record of World Events, May 1989, p. 36699
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, September 1990, p. 37713.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, October 1990, p. 37776.
    Keesing’s Record of World Events, April 1991, p. 38149.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, October 1991, p. 38532.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, November 1991, p. 38574.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, February 1992, p. 38768.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, April 1992, p. 38865.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, January 1993, p. 39276.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, April 1993, p. 39416.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, May 1993, p. 39461.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, July 1993, p. 39559.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, September 1993, p. 39642.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, May 1997, pp. 41642-41643.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, June 1997, p. 41684.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, March 1998, p. 42135.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, March 2000, p.43464.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, July 2000, p. 43674.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, November 2000, pp. 43854-43855.
    Keesing’s Record of World Events, March 2002, p. 44678.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, November 2003, p. 45699.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, June 2005, p. 46689.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, November 2006, p. 47582.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, January 2007, p. 47699.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, June 2007, p. 47982.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, July 2010, p. 49946.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, August 2010, p. 49987.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, June 2012, p. 52063.
    Keesing’s Record of World Event, August 2012, p. 52162.

    （五）官方文獻
    House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, and Global
    Environment Hearing, Our Forgotten Responsibility: What Can We Do to Help Victims of Agent Orange? 110th Cong., 2nd sess., May 15, 2008.
    House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, and Global Environment Hearing, Agent Orange: What Efforts Are Being Made to Address the Continuing Impact of Dioxin in Vietnam, 111th Cong., 1st sess., June 4, 2009.
    House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, and Global Environment Hearing, Agent Orange in Vietnam: Recent Developments in Remediation, 111th Cong., 2nd sess., July 15, 2010.
    House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific Hearing, U.S. Relations with Vietnam, 113th Cong., 1st sess., June 5, 2013.
    New York Eastern District Court, Memorandum, Order, and Judgment, In re “AGENT ORANGE,” 04-CV-400, March 10, 2005.
    United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, Docket No. 05-1953-cv, February 22, 2008.
    U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, To Walk the Earth in Safety: The U.S. Commitment to Humanitarian Demining (2001-2013), Washington, November 2001 to July 2013.
    USAID, Patrick J. Leahy War Victims Fund: Portfolio Synopsis, Washington, 2000.
    USAID, Patrick J. Leahy War Victims Fund: Portfolio Synopsis, Washington, 2004.
    USAID, Displaced Children and Orphans Fund: Honoring a Commitment to Vulnerable Children, Washington, 2001.
    U.S. Senate, Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations Hearing, Assistance for Civilian Casualties of War, 111th Cong., 1st sess., April 1, 2009.

    三、網路資源
    （一）官方網站
    美國國防部
    http://www.defense.gov
    美國國防部戰俘及失蹤人員辦公室
    http://www.dtic.mil/dpmo/
    美國國防部戰俘／失蹤美軍查核聯合指揮部
    http://www.jpac.pacom.mil
    美國國家檔案和記錄管理局
    http://www.archives.gov/
    美國國務院
    http://www.state.gov/
    美國國會眾議院
    http://www.house.gov/
    美國國際開發署
    http://transition.usaid.gov
    美國國際開發署(越南分部)
    http://vietnam.usaid.gov
    美國駐越南大使館
    http://vietnam.usembassy.gov/
    越南外交部
    http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en

    （二）民間機構網站
    地雷諮詢小組(MAG)
    http://www.maginternational.org/vietnam/
    更新項目-未爆彈移除計劃(Project RENEW)
    http://www.landmines.org.vn/index.html
    亞斯本研究院(The Aspen Institute)
    http://www.aspeninstitute.org/
    美國越戰退伍軍人基金會(VVAF)
    http://www.ic-vvaf.org/Mine_Action.html
    家屬聯盟(NLF)
    http://www.pow-miafamilies.org
    國際反地雷組織(ICBL)
    http://www.icbl.org/intro.php
    國際排雷組織(CPI)
    http://cpi.org
    援助越戰殘疾人協會(VNAH)
    http://www.vnah-hev.org
    越南和平之樹(Peace Tree Vietnam)
    http://www.peacetreesvietnam.org/
    越戰退伍軍人紀念基金會(VVMF)
    http://www.vvmf.org
    落葉劑紀錄(Agent Orange Record)
    http://www.agentorangerecord.com/home/
    福特基金會(Ford Foundation)
    http://www.fordfoundation.org/
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    外交研究所
    100253002
    102
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1002530021
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Diplomacy] Theses

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