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| Title: | 為何相似性能預測吸引力：檢驗比較性模型
Why Similarity Predicts Attraction: Contrasting Models |
| Authors: | 左艾俐
Zoe, Magraw Mickelson |
| Contributors: | 李怡青
Lee, I Ching
左艾俐
Zoe, Magraw Mickelson |
| Keywords: | 相似性
吸引力
Similarity
Attraction
Friendship |
| Date: | 2013 |
| Issue Date: | 2014-08-25 15:20:54 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 在多達幾十億人口的世界當中，究竟我們是如何挑選出朋友的? 一般人認為相似性是引導友誼的關鍵，許多研究也發現的確是如此。本篇論文近一步探討為何相似性會有此效果。目前有許多理論可用來說明為何相似性會引發吸引力；有些理論從認知面來說明，亦即人們對於那些與自己相似的特性會產生正面評價；而其他理論則從情感面來說明，即人們對於類似的特性會有正面的情感反應。然而，在跨文化的友誼情境中，不確定性減低理論(Berger & Calabrese, 1975) 卻認為人們會比較喜歡那些吻合互動常規的外國友人，而不是那些與自己相似的外國友人。本論文在美國和台灣均採用實驗法來檢驗相似性吸引論與不確定性減低理論孰較能解釋跨文化友誼的心理機制。受試者被要求評估實驗中陌生人的種族背景以及評估陌生人的溝通模式與受試者自己是否相似。依據相似性吸引理論，由於人們對自己會有較佳的評價，因此那些與自己享有相似種族背景或溝通模式的陌生人較讓人喜歡。是故，相似性感受會中介真實相似性與吸引力感受之間的關係。相反地，依據不確定性減低理論的看法，相較於在陌生人的溝通模式不吻合其種族刻版印象之情境 (即帶給受試者高不確定感) ，在陌生人的溝通模式吻合其種族刻版印象的情境下 (即帶給受試者低不確定感)，則後面情境中的陌生人會較具有吸引力。因此，不確定性感受會中介刻版印象一致性與吸引力感受的關係。本實驗結果支持相似性吸引論的假設。當受試者與實驗中的目標人物 (國際學子)都屬於採用逃避型溝通模式者時，受試者會覺得目標人物較具吸引力。真實相似性對於吸引力感受的作用會完全被相似性感受所中介。本研究將探討在多元文化互動之中能引發吸引力產生之因素所蘊藏的實務意涵。
With billions of people in the world, what determines who we select as friends? Similarity leading to friendship is not only a commonly held lay belief but also a phenomenon found in decades of research. This thesis further investigates why this is true. Many theories have been proposed to account for similarity attraction; some offer primarily cognitive explanations, that we evaluate others with similar traits positively, while others offer affective explanations, that we would have positive emotional reactions to common attributes. However, in cross-cultural friendship, uncertainty reduction theory (Berger & Calabrese, 1975) predicts that we prefer those who provide us with clear interaction norms over those who are similar to us. In this thesis, experimental studies were conducted in the U.S. and in Taiwan to test similarity attraction and uncertainty reduction explanations for cross-cultural friendship. Participants were asked to evaluate strangers whose racial background and communication style are similar to or different from them. According to similarity attraction explanations, strangers who share a similar racial background or a similar communication style are expected to produce greater liking due to the favorable evaluations of ourselves. Furthermore, feelings of similarity should mediate the relationship between actual similarity and perceived attraction. Conversely, according to uncertainty explanations, a stranger who has a communication style consistent with racial stereotypes (i.e., low uncertainty) is considered more attractive than a stranger whose communication style is inconsistent with racial stereotypes (i.e., high uncertainty). Accordingly, perceived uncertainty should mediate the relationship between stereotypical consistency and perceived attraction. Supporting evidence was found for the similarity attraction hypothesis. When participants and the target international students shared avoidant communication style, they found the target students to be more attractive. The effect of actual similarity on perceived attraction was completely mediated by perceived similarity. The implications of factors leading to attraction in multi-cultural interactions were further discussed. |
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學研究所
99752023
102 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099752023 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [心理學系] 學位論文
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