| Abstract: | 隨著社會經濟之快速發展,使得土地資源非常有限的台灣,產生民眾與工商業土地取得困難之問題。而經濟發展加速了都市化程度,連帶地產生生態環境、土地資源分配、住宅需求、城鄉差距等問題。這些問題衝擊著我們的生活品質,也可能造成未來經濟發展之阻礙。為解決上述之問題,有賴國土資源的合理規劃,配合健全之組織功能,以引導土地的合理利用與空間結構的適切調整。< 現行台灣地區之國土計畫體系,由於規劃體系不能與行政組織配合,而且計畫層級多,計畫功能角色混淆重疊,規劃權責分散,使得上下位計畫層級間無明確指導,從而無法有效解決上述之問題。針對當前國土計畫體系之檢討,國內許多學者從不同角度提出建議。有建議從組織功能之調整著手者(王鴻楷,1993);有從簡化計畫體系加強分工著手者(蔡勳雄,1994;吳清輝,1994);亦有探討國外之國土規劃體系,提出建言者(林子瑜,1993)。惟這些研究未能將美國之規劃理念納入參考,更沒有將美國成長管理制度之規劃想加以研究,來分析當前之國土計畫體系。< 美國成長管理制度之概念,在於都市發展與生活品質要兼顧,經濟發展與環境保護求平衡,土地使用與公共設施之投資能並重。自實施四十年以來,該制度賦予各級政府不同之角色,改變了政府間之關係,調整了規劃組織之職能,使得土地資源能有效利用,生活品質能具體提昇。因此,本研究擬以成長管理之理念,來探討我國當前國土計畫體系之缺失,並針對現況問題,從行政組織、政府角色、計畫體系及規劃權責等方面,對建構國土計畫體系提出具體建議方案。<
Rapid economic development and urbanization have made the developable land further scare. This produces the problem of getting the land for people and industries. Meanwhile, economic growth, accelerating the degree of urbanization, results in the issues of environmental degradation, land resource distribution, housing shortage, and the difference between urban and rural development. Those issues have dramatic impacts on the quality of living environment and also produce the hindrance of economic development. In order to solve above issues, we should effectively plan our national land resources, along with efficient organization functions, to guide the land use and spatial adjustment.< Unfortunately, current national land planning system could not deal with above issues effectively because of many reasons, such as lack of integration and coordination in existing planning and institutional structures, ineffective planning function and policy implementation, and lack of sound planning guidelines. Many scholars have explored such a planning system and provided suggestions from different aspects. For example, Wang (1993) asserts the adjustment of organization functions. Tsai (1994) and Wu (1994) suggest to simplify the existing planning system and improve coordination. Lin (1993) provides the suggestions based on the studies of national land planning systems in other countries, such as England, Japan, and Germany. However, these studies do not refer the planning concepts and growth management system in the United States to analyze the problems of existing national land planning system in Taiwan.< Growth management system pursues a responsible and continuous equilibrium between development and the provision of public facilities, between economic development and ecological and environmental conservation, and between urban development and the quality of life. Since 1950s, it has a tremendous influence on planning, policy context, and intergovernmental relationships. It also strengthens planning functions and policy execution at all levels of government. Furthermore, it has produced greater efficiency in land use and brought about better quality of life. In fact, the above concepts and functions are what Taiwan needs most. Thus, this project intends to apply growth management concepts to explore the problems of existing national land planning system. Based on existing problems, it discusses the planning organization, governmental roles, planning systems, and planning functions for establishing the national land planning system and provides concrete suggestions.< |
