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    題名: 探討反芻與因應在失功能態度與憂鬱關係之可能影響
    Exploration of the possible effects of rumination and coping on the relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and depressive symptoms
    作者: 陳亭君
    貢獻者: 許文耀
    陳亭君
    關鍵詞: 失功能態度
    反省式反芻
    自責式反芻
    因應
    憂鬱
    認知脆弱性
    日期: 2013
    上傳時間: 2014-08-12 14:05:50 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本研究目的在探討反芻與因應對於失功能態度及憂鬱情緒之關係的影響，欲藉由此議題的探討，了解在憂鬱症預防的臨床實務工作中，除了改善個人具有的失功能態度外，尚存在其他可介入調整的有效因子為何。
    過去研究顯示，具有失功能態度的人，不一定會具有憂鬱情緒，二者的關係可能受到其他因素的影響。近期研究者認為，反芻可能擴大失功能態度對憂鬱情緒的效果，對於失功能態度與憂鬱情緒之關係，反芻可能扮演中介因子或調節因子的角色，本研究將以反省式反芻與自責式反芻作為反芻概念的探討。
    另一方面，反芻被認為與問題解決有關，並且反芻作為一種情緒反應型態，亦可視為對於負向情緒的一種因應方式，因此，本研究納入因應之概念一同探討。過去研究顯示，反芻與因應之間可能存在中介關係或者調節關係，本研究將以主動因應與被動因應作為因應概念的探討。
    本研究從過去的研究觀點，整合失功能態度、反芻、因應與憂鬱情緒之間可能存在的關係，發現存在三種不同的型態，分別為失功能態度、反芻與因應的交互作用效果、將反芻作為一認知特性在失功能態度、反芻、因應與憂鬱情緒之中介模式，以及將反芻作為一因應策略在失功能態度、反芻、因應與憂鬱情緒之中介模式，本研究將進一步檢驗此三種型態是否能說明上述關係。
    本研究有效樣本為557位台灣的大學生，以自陳式量表填答失功能態度量表、中文反芻反應風格量表、簡版因應量表、中文版貝克憂鬱量表第二版，及其背景資料，其中男性有189人、女性有333人；政治大學有238人、玄奘大學有119人、東南大學有118人、台灣藝術大學有82人。本研究以階層回歸以及單因子變異數分析檢驗失功能態度、反芻、因應之間的交互作用效果及單純主要效果，以路徑分析檢驗上述概念之間的中介效果。
    研究結果顯示，失功能態度與憂鬱情緒之間的關係，可受到自責式反芻、被動因應，以及主動因應的調節，此外，被動因應可調節自責式反芻與憂鬱情緒之間的關係。另一方面，反芻作為認知特性之失功能態度、反芻、因應與憂鬱之中介關係，以及反芻作為因應策略之失功能態度、反芻、因應與憂鬱之中介關係，也受到實徵資料支持。
    因此，個人被動地將目前狀態與未達到的標準進行比較，或者採取自責、行為脫離及否認等因應方式時，將會增加失功能態度對憂鬱情緒之效果；當個人採取計畫、接受、正向重釋、幽默與主動因應之因應策略時，將會降低失功能態度對憂鬱情緒之效果。另一方面，失功能態度愈高的人，將採取自責式反芻，繼而可能再透過被動因應而增加憂鬱情緒；若個人採取反省式反芻，可能透過轉變為自責式反芻而增加憂鬱情緒，或者可能透過主動因應而降低憂鬱情緒。此外，具失功能態度者將傾向採取反省式反芻、自責式反芻以及被動因應的因應策略，這些策略將增加個人的憂鬱情緒；具失功能態度者將較少採取主動因應的策略，而此策略將減緩憂鬱情緒。
    反芻因應對失功能態度及憂鬱關係之影響，及其在臨床實務應用上的意涵，在文中將進一步的討論。
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