| Abstract: | 本註釋研究乃針對刑法"責任能力"之最基本規定加以探討。刑法條文一共有三條(1).secs.18:年齡(2).secs.19:精神狀態(3).secs.20瘖啞,來規定完全責任能力,限制責任能力與無責任能力之不同處罰。 本文先就年齡作初步責任能力之區分加以研究,為何用年齡作為區分標準,及其相關問題,例如:年齡如何計算、責任程度、少年犯(少年事件處理法相關規定)等。 其次,就心神喪失之學說及實務處理問題以比較法的方式加以研究。英美法在此提供了屬於大陸法系的我國不少值得深思與借鏡的地方,尤其在有責任能力與無責任能力之中間地帶,英美法有減輕責任之規定。且在自願與非自願下的酒醉,就特定故意(目的)犯罪與一般故意犯罪有不同程度之阻卻或減免責任規定,正好可以與我國的"原因自由行為"作一比較。此外,德國與日本之立法例也在此提出,做為我國修法時之參考。對於與心神喪失、精神耗弱有關之鑑定(精神醫學與法律之結合)及處遇等問題,亦稍作介紹。 最後,就刑法第二十條"瘖啞人"的相關問題加以探討。例如:瘖啞人的定義、瘖啞人為何為限制責任能力人、修正草案為何廢除此條文之原因等。
A Commentary of the Criminal Code .secs. 18-20 of the Republic of China, which deals with the problems of criminal intent (mens rea---the mental element of crime) and special mens rea defenses which include firstly, criminal responsibility of infancy and old age, its legislative background and court practice, criticism from scholars and amendment by the legislature. Secondly, the problem of defense of mental irresponsibility, Chinese Criminal Code deals with the issue of competency at the time of criminal act---the insanity defense discuss criminal code provision and its practice, together with a comparative study of foreign practices, like Anglo-America`s M`Naghten Rule, Durham Test and Irresistible Impulse Test along with German and Japanese similar provisions. Its emphasis were focused on the issues of limited defense of Diminished Responsibility and its courter part in Chinese Criminal Code-feeble mind defense; and German criminal theories of Actio Libera in Causa. Lastly, this commentary discuss the criminal responsibility of the Deaf and Mute and legislative suggestion to abolish this defense. |
