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    Title: 勞動經驗對薪資取得之性別差異
    Gerder gap in wage returns to job experience in Taiwan
    Authors: 陳雅惠
    Chen, Ya Hui
    Contributors: 張峯彬
    Chang, Feng Bin
    陳雅惠
    Chen, Ya Hui
    Keywords: 勞動經驗
    性別間薪資差距
    人力資本理論
    分解分析
    Date: 2013
    Issue Date: 2014-07-29 16:13:46 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 　　性別間的薪資差距一直是重要的研究議題，人力資本理論指出，影響薪資取得的兩大因素為教育程度與工作經驗，在兩性教育程度接近的當代，兩性勞動經驗的落差，很可能是造成薪資差距的重要原因。本研究援引2005年「東亞社會階層與流動調查」（Social Stratification and Social Mobility），以詳細的工作史資料，針對「現任公司年資」（firm tenure）、「職務轉換經驗」（job shift）與「勞力市場投入程度」（labor market attachment）這些不同的勞動經驗，意圖理解其如何影響薪資取得，進而造成性別間的薪資差距。本文主要的發現有以下幾點：
    　　首先，現任公司年資對於薪資取得有正向效果，且為非線性關係，男性迴歸模型與女性迴歸模型的現任公司年資係數，並不存在顯著差異。這個發現與過往研究結果大致相符，驗證了人力資本觀點中對於現任公司年資的重視。
    　　其次，職務轉換經驗對於薪資的提升並不具備顯著效果，但兩性的原因不一。男性的職務轉換經驗受現任公司規模與部門影響，女性則是婚姻狀態。
    　　最後，勞力市場投入程度對於兩性的薪資取得具備顯著正向的效果，男性樣本與女性樣本的勞力市場投入程度，在模型的迴歸係數比較上，也同樣不存在顯著差異。
    　　上述三個變項投入模型後，皆可減少性別對薪資的部分直接效果。而在分解分析中，三者能對性別的薪資差異做出解釋，其中以勞力市場投入程度的解釋幅度最大，約為15%。整體模型則大約可解釋17%-41%的性別薪資差距。
    　　整體研究結果顯示：女性的勞動經驗更容易受到家庭責任的影響，臺灣的勞力市場由於較為競爭而缺乏操作歧視的空間，性別間薪資的不平等因此是間接透過雇主去身體化的操作，刻意忽略女性由於家庭責任所造成的低勞力市場投入，在一個「公平」的對待下給予女性較低的薪資所導致。
    Reference: 一、官方資料
    日本統計局，2011，每月勤勞統計調查，資料來源：
    <http://www.e-stat.go.jp/SG1/estat/GL08020103.do?_toGL08020103_&listID=000001111795&disp=Other&requestSender=search>
    行政院主計處。受僱員工薪資調查統計。資料來源：
    < http://win.dgbas.gov.tw/dgbas04/bc5/EarningAndProductivity/Default.aspx>
    行政院主計處，2009，人力資源運用調查。資料來源：<http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=14676&ctNode=3580&mp=1>
    行政院勞委會，2009，性別統計專區。資料來源：<http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/woman/99womanmenu.htm>
    行政院勞委會，2012，性別勞動統計。資料來源：
    <http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/woman/02womanmenu.htm>
    行政院勞委會，2012，勞工生活及就業狀況調查。資料來源：
    <http://statdb.cla.gov.tw/html/svy01/10102menu.htm>
    Eurostat. 2011. Gender pay gap in unadjusted form. Available from:
    <http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/refreshTableAction.do?tab=table&plugin=1&pcode=tsdsc340&language=en>
    OECD. 2011. Indicators of Gender Equality in Employment. Available from:
    <http://www.oecd.org/gender/data/indicatorsofgenderequalityinemployment.htm>

    二、中文部份
    張晉芬，1993，〈企業組織中升遷機會的決定及員工的期望：兼論內部勞力市場理論的應用〉。《人文及社會科學集刊》6(1)：205-230。
    張晉芬、杜素豪，2012，〈性別間薪資差距的趨勢與解釋：新世紀之初的臺灣〉。謝雨生、傅仰止編，《臺灣的社會變遷1985-2005：社會階層與勞力市場（臺灣社會變遷基本調查系列三之3）》，頁217-250，台北：中央研究院社會學研究所。
    蔡瑞明、林大森，2002，〈滾石不生苔？臺灣勞力市場中的工作經歷對薪資的影響〉。《臺灣社會學刊》29：57-95。
    蘇國賢、喻維欣、章英華，2005，〈東亞社會階層與社會流動研究：臺灣社會變遷基本調查附加專題調查〉。《調查研究》18：161-164。

    三、英文部份
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    Baker, George, Michael Gibbs and Bengt Holmstrom. 1994. &quot;The Wage Policy of a Firm.&quot; The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 109(4):921-955.
    Becker S. Gary. 1971. The Economics of Discrimination. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Becker S. Gary. 1975. Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    Brinton, Mary C. 2001 &quot;Married Women’s Labor in East Asian Economics.&quot; Pp.1-37 in Women’s working lives in East Asia, edited by Mary C. Brinton. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
    Burdett, Kenneth. 1978. &quot;A Theory of Employee Job Search and Quit Rates.&quot; The American Economic Review. 68(1):212-220.
    Bygren, Magnus and Michael Gähler. 2012. &quot;Family Formation and Men’s Attainment of Workplace Authority.&quot; Social Force. 90(3):795-816.
    Chang C-.f. and Paula England. 2011. &quot;Gender Inequality in earnings in industrialized East asia.&quot; Social Science Research. 40(1):1-14.
    Elder, Glen H. 1985. &quot;Perspectives in the Life Course.&quot; Pp.23-49 in Life Course Dynamic, edited by G. H. Elder Jr. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
    England, Paula. 1992. Comparable Worth: Theories and Evidence. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
    Fuller, Sylvia. 2008. &quot;Job Mobility and Wage Trajectories for Men and Women in the United States. &quot; American Sociological Review 73:158-183.
    Goldin, Claudia. 1990. Understanding the Gender Gap: An Economic History of American Women. New York: Oxford University Press.
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    Kanter, Rosabeth M. 1977. Men and Women of the Corporation. New York: Basic Books.
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    Lazear, Edward P. 1992. &quot;The Job as a Concept.&quot; Pp.183-215 in Performance Measurement, Evaluation, and Incentives, edited by William J. Bruns. Jr. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    社會學研究所
    100254001
    102
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100254001
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Sociology] Theses

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