政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/67500
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 113324/144300 (79%)
Visitors : 51129174      Online Users : 902
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
  • Adv. Search
    HomeLoginUploadHelpAboutAdminister Goto mobile version
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/67500


    Title: 開放政府資料授權條款之研究
    Licensing Open Government Data
    Authors: 裘雅心
    Chiu, Ya Hsin
    Contributors: 李治安
    Lee, Jyh An
    裘雅心
    Chiu, Ya Hsin
    Keywords: 開放政府資料
    開放政府
    開放資料
    公眾授權條款
    Date: 2013
    Issue Date: 2014-07-14 11:36:05 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 「開放政府資料」在概念上將資料處理以及網際網路傳輸的概念應用到政府治理,以符合開放標準之要求釋出政府資料,提升政府資料使用效率並加速行政革新,有效提升人民生活品質並促進社會經濟發展,讓施政透明度、公眾參與以及國家可課責性之訴求能夠確實實踐並賦予新的內涵。

    開放政府資料最初源自於各式民間社群之倡議,隨著時間演進各國政府也紛紛將此概念納入國家政策將其提升至國家施政目標。美國和英國為目前開放政府資料政策實踐最成熟的先驅國家,為各國政府研擬相關政策的效仿對象,其他後起之秀有加拿大與澳洲,台灣也自2012年後開始推動相關政策。從各國政策實踐經驗中可以發現,開放政府資料在政策實踐上必須考量政府資料盤點、平台網站架設、資料格式、資料授權、是否收費以及其他政策推行時政府機關內部的溝通協調以及外部推廣時的各式議題。

    本文針對其中授權議題,採用文獻蒐集暨文獻比較法,將目前各國政府實施開放政府資料所採用較具有代表性之開放政府資料授權條款或使用規則,像是創用CC授權條款中的CC-BY以及CC-BY-SA、ODbL、英國OGL、加拿大OGL、法國Licence ouverte以及挪威NLOD進行條款要件之比較與綜合分析,發現目前開放政府資料授權實務廣泛將公眾授權條款之概念應用在政府資料授權釋出,惟政府資料種類繁雜,在使用上亦受到既有法律與行政規則之箝制,使得目前民間社群發展之授權條款無法全盤規範政府資料釋出,而採用各國政府自行制定的使用規則雖然得有效配合當地法制達到因地制宜之效,但條款內容難以統一,使得採用不同條款釋出政府資料進行再次改作將產生條款相容性之隱憂。

    考量開放政府資料的訴求為強調任何人對於資料使用不應受任何限制,本文建議政府機關實施政府資料授權時,應以開放為原則並盡量減少資料使用之限制。就目前授權實務現況觀之,得透過條款設計、建立國際標準以及跨國地區整合之方式提升各國授權條款或使用規則之間的相容性,降低政府資料使用潛在限制。若採用民間社群制定之公眾授權條款進行政府資料釋出者,應建立相關配套措施使授權條款規定得有效與國家政府運作流程結合,讓授權條款的運作機制得在政策執行中確實實踐。
    "Open Government Data" is associated with using data processing, Internet transmission and open standards to release government information. It is believed by many that a good open-data policy can help the government to improve the efficiency of governance, to accelerate administrative reform, to enhance living quality, and to promote social and economic development. The idea of open data may also benefit government transparency, public participation and accountability.

    The wave of Open Government Data was originally started from a number of online communities. Now the concept of Open Government Data has been accepted as national policies in the global scale. The U.S. government and the U.K. government have been probably the most important pioneers in promoting open government data policies. Other countries like Canada and Australia also follow the trend to make their own Open Government Data policies. Taiwan government has put the idea of Open Government Data into practice since 2012. Policy considerations for Open Government Data concern different issues, such as the classification of open government data, Web platform operating, data format, licensing, charging standard, the coordination between agencies and policy promotion.

    The study focuses on the licensing perspective of open government data. This study compares and analyzes the most representative license clauses and terms of use, such as CC-BY, CC-BY-SA, ODbL, UK Open Government License, Canada Open Government License, France Open license and Norwegian License for Open Government Data.

    Owing to the variety of government information, not all of the government information are protected by copyright law and other related laws. In addition, there are other factor restricted the use of government information. Such regulatory limitations are occasionally conflicting with policy goals of open government data. Other issues, such as licensing compatibility may trouble government agencies to implement the open data policy.

    The principles of open government data emphasize that government data should be available to anyone to access, re-use and redistribution, so the use of such data should not impose any restrictions. This study argues that licensing open government data should minimize the use of restricted data as much as possible. Considering the status quo of licensing open government data, the adjustment of structure of licensing clauses, establishing international standards and cross-nation cooperation may be the possible ways to solve the incompatibility problem mentioned previously. Moreover, governments should establish relevant supporting measures so that the licensing mechanism can smoothly fits in the legal system and successfully achieve the original policy goals.
    Reference: 一、 中文
    (一)專書
    徐子沛,大數據:數據革命如何改變政府、商業與我們的生活,中和出版,頁34-35、210-223、286-293、311,2013年3月。
    陳舜伶、林珈宏、莊庭瑞,藏智於民-開放政府資料的原則與現況,中央研究院資訊科技創新研究中心-台灣創用CC計畫,頁5、11-19,2013 年1月。
    謝銘洋,智慧財產權基本問題研究,頁90-94,2002年3月。

    (二)學位論文
    王佩儀,創用CC授權之法律理論與實務分析,國立臺灣大學法律研究所碩士論文,頁190-192,2008年7月。
    朱俊銘,電腦軟體相關智慧財產權法制之探討-從開放原始碼運動出發,國立臺灣大學法律研究所碩士論文,頁55-57,2003年6月。
    余佳恩,開放教育資源之理論與實踐,國立政治大學智慧財產研究所碩士論文,2013年6月。
    呂佩芳,開放性授權條款契約對著作利用之影響,國立台灣大學法律學系研究所碩士論文,頁35-39,2006年7月。
    李憲隆,開放原始碼法律問題之研究-智慧財產權制度之檢討,國立中央大學產業經濟研究所碩士論文,2003年7月。
    邱羿儂,開放政府資料推動策略研究-英國、美國與台灣之比較,國立台灣大學管理學院資訊管理研究所碩士論文,頁62、50,2012年7月。
    康雲龍,論開放原始碼軟體對智慧財產權理論之影響-以著作權法為中心,銘傳大學法律研究所碩士論文,2007年7月。
    張憶嬋,開放原始碼軟體商業模式及相關法律問題之探討,國立政治大學智慧財產研究所碩士論文,2006年6月。
    陳思豪,自由軟體發展與智慧財產權制度互動之觀察,國立政治大學法律科際整合研究所碩士論文,2013年1月。
    彭兆璋,電腦程式與開放原始碼之著作權問題,臺灣大學科際整合法律研究所碩士論文,2009年6月。
    葛皇濱,叛碼或國碼?—台灣自由軟體運動的發展與挑戰(1991-2004),國立清華大學歷史研究所碩士論文,2004年7月。
    廖悅涵,開放原始碼運動與智慧財產制度之衝突:以Oracle American Inc. v.Google Inc.為出發點,國立臺灣大學國家發展研究所碩士論文,2012年7月。

    (三)期刊文獻
    宋餘俠,李國田,政府部門資料加值推動策略與挑戰,研考雙月刊,第36卷第4期,頁9-13、18-20,2012年8月。
    Gilbert, Sean、黃正忠,ESG揭露與企業永續報告書的發展,證券櫃檯月刊147期,頁23-30,2010年6月。
    李治安、林誠夏、莊庭瑞,開放政府資料的基本原則與相關政策議題,公共治理季刊,第2卷第1期,頁68-70,2014年3月。
    李治安、林懿萱,論公眾授權條款之相容性:以創用CC授權條款及GFDL為中心,科技法學評論,第七卷第二期,頁1-18,2010年12月。
    林文宗,政府資料開放大步走,公共治理季刊,第1卷第3期,頁98-99,2013年9月。
    張家生,從臺北市看政府公開資料(Open Data),研考雙月刊,第36卷第4期,頁63-64,2012年8月。
    陳怡君,開放政府資料,迎接資料民主新時代,公共治理季刊,第1卷第1期,頁156,2013年3月。
    湯德宗,政府資訊公開法比較評析,臺大法學論叢,第35卷第6期,頁43-44,2006年10月。
    黃朝盟、吳濟安,電子化政府影響評估,研考雙月刊,第31卷第1期,頁76,2007年2月。
    蕭景燈,資料開放發展現況與展望,研考雙月刊,第36卷第4期,頁23-37,2012年8月。
    錢鉦津,政府資訊開放品質與測試概念(上篇),品質月刊,第49卷5期,頁25-27,2013年6月。
    錢鉦津,政府資訊開放品質與測試概念(下篇),品質月刊,第49卷6期,頁15-20,2013年5月。

    (四)研究報告
    行政院國家發展委員會,政府資料開放加值應用研究分析書面報告,頁10-21, http://www.ndc.gov.tw/m1.aspx?sNo=0027929 (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    財團法人資訊工業策進會,主要國家「政府開放資料」(Open Government Data)機制與作法追蹤觀察報告(一)— 美國,頁15-19,2014年1月,http://opendata.tca.org.tw/spaw2/uploads/images/Open%20Government%20Data%202014/2014Open%20Government%20Data-U.S..pdf (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    財團法人資訊工業策進會,主要國家「政府開放資料」(Open Government Data)機制與作法追蹤觀察報告(二)— 英國,頁3-7,2014年4月,http://opendata.tca.org.tw/spaw2/uploads/images/Open%20Government%20Data%202014/2014Open%20Government%20Data-U.K..pdf (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    項靖,資訊分享與共榮:政府機關資料公開與加值應用,行政院研究發展考核委員會,行政院研究發展考核委員會委託臺灣電子治理研究中心執行之政府開放資料研究案之結案報告,頁18-19、31-52,2013年2月。
    潘競恒、李常晏、許耀明,我國政府資訊再利用之法制化研究,行政院研究發展考核委員會委託研究報告,頁85-87,2009年11月。

    (五)法律暨判決實務見解
    不動產成交案件實際資訊申報登錄及查詢收費辦法第16條
    台灣智慧財產法院刑事判決97年度刑智上訴字第41號。
    台灣臺北地方法院96年度訴字第146號判決。
    政府資訊公開法第18條
    政府資訊公開法第3條
    規費法第8條

    (六)演講暨研討會資料
    行政院研究發展考核委員會,政府資料開放加值應用研究,政府資料開放加值應用研究諮詢座談會ppt,2012年11月23日,http://archive.rdec.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=4539613&ctNode=12557&mp=130(最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    林誠夏、葛冬梅,自由開源軟體法律授權與程式工藝,OpenFoundry自由軟體鑄造場,國立政治大學科技管理與智慧財產研究所「資訊科技與法律」2014年6月3日課程演講ppt,available at http://www.openfoundry.org/of/download/openlegal/foss_the_public_licensing_model_which_creates_the_global_trend/20140603.pdf (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    鄧東波、林誠夏、莊庭瑞,開放地理空間資料:全球共通的開放授權條款之使用,2013年台灣地理資訊學會年會暨學術研討會,2013年6月27日、28日。
    簡宏偉,開放政府資料相關法律與政策議題,國家發展委員會,國立政治大學科技管理與智慧財產研究所「資訊科技與法律」2014年5月14日課程演講ppt。

    (七)網站資料
    g0v零時政府,http://g0v.tw/zh-TW/index.html(最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    Lawrence Lessig,雷席格的CC每週通信(九):談授權條款相容性,台灣創用CC計畫,2006年2月23日,http://creativecommons.tw/in-depth/72 (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    OpenFoundry自由軟體鑄造廠,Compatibility〈相容性〉,https://www.openfoundry.org/tw/glossary/733--compatibility (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    OpenFoundry自由軟體鑄造廠,相容性,2012年9月25日,http://www.openfoundry.org/tw/compatibility-of-licenses(最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)
    Why Open Data? 為什麼要開放資料?,Open Data 開放資料手冊,http://wiki.opendata.tw/odhb/why-open-data/index.html (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    台灣創用CC計畫,http://creativecommons.tw/twcc(最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    台灣創用CC計畫,全球的CC,http://creativecommons.tw/worldcc (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    台灣創用CC計畫,常見問題:基本認識,http://creativecommons.tw/faq/basic(最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    台灣創用CC計畫,創用CC是什麼?,http://creativecommons.tw/explore (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    行政院,國家發展委員會成立,2014年1月28日, http://www.ey.gov.tw/Link_Content.aspx?n=14F697861C7B758B&s=EC8DF05FF147EEA1(最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    余佳恩,開放教育資源(OER)全球發展概況,台灣創用CC計畫,2013年1月4日,http://creativecommons.tw/in-depth/656 (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    林誠夏,從開源軟體到開放資料-論Open Database License v1.0,OpenFoundry自由軟體鑄造廠,2012年10月20日,http://www.openfoundry.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=8832&Itemid=4;isletter=1(最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    邱琮皓,政府資料開放 電影資料受歡迎,中時電子報,2014年5月23日,http://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20140523002501-260412(最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    洪朝貴,自由與開放...之爭?,Linuxer雜誌,2001 年5月號http://user.frdm.info/ckhung/a/c011.php (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    國家發展委員會,行政院及所屬各級機關政府資料開放作業原則,available at http://www.ndc.gov.tw/m1.aspx?sNo=0027915, (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    國家發展委員會,政府資料開放資料集管理要項,available at http://www.ndc.gov.tw/m1.aspx?sNo=0027916, (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    國家發展委員會,電子化政府,http://www.ndc.gov.tw/m1.aspx?sNo=0002477(最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    清華大學圖書館,http://adage.lib.nthu.edu.tw/OA/ (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    郭芝榕,[Open Data專題]Part1政府開放資料,政府及民間仍在磨合,數位時代,2014年5月27日,http://www.bnext.com.tw/article/view/id/32350 (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    郭芝榕,[Open Data專題]Part2政府開放資料5大問題絆腳,數位時代,2014年5月27日,http://www.bnext.com.tw/article/view/id/32352 (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    郭芝榕,[Open Data專題]Part 3政府開放資料起步走,應用加值還有成長空間,數位時代,2014年5月27日,http://www.bnext.com.tw/article/view/id/32359 (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    葛冬梅,自由開源軟體授權條款的三分法,OpenFoundry自由軟體鑄造廠,2012年5月14日,http://www.openfoundry.org/tw/legal-column-list/105-2010-07-15-10-42-58 (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    葛冬梅,試論「公眾授權條款」之名詞辯析與基礎概念,OpenFoundry自由軟體鑄造廠,2013年12月24日,http://www.openfoundry.org/tw/legal-column-list/9053-the-exploration-of-the-fundamental-concept-of-qpublic-licenseq-in-chinese (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    電子治理中心,【TEG活動】課程實錄-主題三:開放資料加值,2013年11月8日,http://www.teg.org.tw/web_zh/conference/view.do?id=1383901907861 (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    臺北維基人聯合部落格,各國政府資料入口網站及授權方式清單,2013年5月1日,http://taipei-wikipedian.blogspot.tw/2013/05/list-of-government-data-portal-around-the-world-and-the-license-they-choose.html (最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)
    劉芊影,美國數位圖書館(DPLA)將所有後設資料以公眾領域宣言(CC0)釋出公眾領域,台灣創用CC計畫,2013年4月24日,http://creativecommons.tw/blog/20130424(最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    劉芊影,美國總統歐巴馬發布行政命令支持開放資料,台灣創用CC計畫,2013年7月1日,http://creativecommons.tw/blog/20130701-1(最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    謝良奇,公眾領域貢獻宣告(CC0)在資料上的應用,台灣創用CC計畫,2013年10月22日,http://creativecommons.tw/blog/20131022(最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    謝良奇,英國政府宣佈開放資料計畫,OpenFoundry自由軟體鑄造廠,2011年12月12日,http://www.openfoundry.org/tw/foss-news/8544-uk-government-announces-open-data-initiative,(最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。
    謝良奇,歐洲數位圖書館使用 CC0 在公眾領域釋出 2 千萬筆記錄,台灣創用CC計畫,2012年9月25日,http://creativecommons.tw/blog/20120925(最後瀏覽日:2014年6月16日)。

    二、外文
    (一)專書
    BETH SIMONE NOVECK, WIKI GOVERNMENT: HOW TECHNOLOGY CAN MAKE GOVERNMENT BETTER, DEMOCRACY STRONGER, AND CITIZENS MORE POWERFUL 28-33 (2009).
    DANIEL LATHROP & LAUREL RUMA, OPEN GOVERNMENT COLLABORATION, TRANSPARENCY, AND PARTICIPATION IN PRACTICE xix(2010).
    JAMES BOYLE, THE PUBLIC DOMAIN: ENCLOSING THE COMMONS OF THE MIND 42-53 (2008).
    JOEL GURIN, OPEN DATA NOW: THE SECRET TO HOT STARTUPS, SMART INVESTING, SAVVY MARKETING, AND FAST INNOVATION 254(2014).
    JOSH TAUBERER, OPEN GOVERNMENT DATA ch.2 (2012).
    LAWRENCE LESSIG, REMIX: MAKING ART AND COMMERCE THRIVE IN THE HYBRID ECONOMY 28-33(2008).
    LAWRENCE LIANG, GUIDE TO OPEN COTENT LICENSES 41-51(2004).
    LEON J. OSTERWEIL ET AL., SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION ELECTRONIC SERVICE PROVISION: A STRATEGIC ASSESSMENT 149-154(2007).

    (二)期刊文獻
    Evangelos K. et al., A Classification Scheme for Open Government Data: Towards Linking Decentralised Data, 6 INT. J. WEB ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, 266-285 (2011).
    Fitzgerald A. et al., Implementing Open Licensing in Government Open Data Initiatives : A Review of Australian Government Practice, WikiSym `13 : Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Open Collaboration, Article No. 39 , ACM Digital Library, New York, USA, 3-5 (2013).
    Harlan Yu & David G. Robinson, The New Ambiguity of “Open Government”, 59 UCLA L. REV. DISC. 178, 184-206 (2012).
    Karim R. Lakhani, InnoCentive.com (A), Harvard Business School Case 608-170, June 2008(Revised October 2009).
    Karim R. Lakhani & Eric Lonstein, InnoCentive.com (B), Harvard Business School Supplement 612-026, August 2011.
    Karim R. Lakhani & Eric Lonstein, InnoCentive.com (C), Harvard Business School Supplement 612-027, August 2011.
    Michael Geist, Canada`s digital economy strategy: toward an openness framework, 8 CAN. J. L. & TECH. 277-298(2010).
    Raines, Jillian, The Digital Accountability and Transparency Act of 2011(DATA): Using Open Data Principles to Revamp Spending Transparency Legislation, 57 N.Y.L. SCH. L. REV. 313,324-326 (2013).
    Robert Hazell et al., Assessing the Performance of Freedom of Information, 27 GOV’T INFO. Q.,352, 353(2010).
    Robinson D. et al., Government Data and the Invisible Hand, 11 YALE J.L. & TECH. 160, 167-168 (2009).
    Tiago Peixoto, The uncertain relationship between open data and accountability: A response to Yu and Robinson`s the new ambiguity of “open government”, 60 UCLA L. REV. DISC. 200, 202-204 (2013).

    (三)研究報告
    AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE, ENGAGE: GETTING ON WITH GOVERNMENT 2.0, REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT 2.0 TASKFORCE, 1-4, 99(2009), available at http://www.finance.gov.au/publications/gov20taskforcereport/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT, GOVERNMENT RESPONSE TO THE REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT 2.0 TASKFORCE-ENGAGE: GETTING ON WITH GOVERNMENT 2.0, 1-16 (2010).
    BARBARA UBALDI, OPEN GOVERNMENT DATA: TOWARDS EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF OPEN GOVERNMENT DATA INITIATIVES, 22 OECD WORKING PAPERS ON PUBLIC GOVERNANCE, 6(2013), available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k46bj4f03s7-en, last visited June 16, 2014.
    CABINET OFFICE, OPEN DATA: UNLEASHING THE POTENTIAL, Published 28 June 2012, 11-15, available at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/open-data-white-paper-unleashing-the-potential, last visited June 16, 2014.
    CABINET OFFICE, THE GOVERNMENT’S RESPONSE TO THE POWER OF INFORMATION: AN INDEPENDENT REVIEW BY ED MAYO AND TOM STEINBERG, June 2007, 10-15, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/243238/7157.pdf, last visited June 16, 2014.
    DATA.GC.CA, OPEN GOVERNMENT LICENCE CONSULTATION REPORT, http://data.gc.ca/eng/open-government-licence-consultation-report, last visited June 16 2014.
    DELOITTE, MARKET ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC SECTOR INFORMATION, 10-11(2013).
    ED MAYO AND TOM STEINBERG, THE POWER OF INFORMATION: AN INDEPENDENT REVIEW, June 2007, 14-20, http://www.epractice.eu/files/media/media1300.pdf, last visited June 16, 2014.
    GRAHAM VICKERY, REVIEW OF RECENT STUDIES ON PSI RE-USE AND RELATED MARKET DEVELOPMENTS, 3, 10 (2011), available at http://www.umic.pt/images/stories/publicacoes6/psi_final_version_formatted-1.pdf, last visited June 16, 2014.
    MAKX DEKKERS ET AL., MEASURING EUROPEAN PUBLIC SECTOR INFORMATION RESOURCES: FINAL REPORT OF STUDY ON EXPLOITATION OF PUBLIC SECTOR INFORMATION-BENCHMARKING OF EU FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS, 33-35(2006).
    MCKINSEY GLOBAL INSTITUTE ET AL., OPEN DATA: UNLOCKING INNOVATION AND PERFORMANCE WITH LIQUID INFORMATION, 5-9, available at http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/business_technology/open_data_unlocking_innovation_and_performance_with_liquid_information, last visited June 16, 2014.
    OFFICE OF E-GOVERNMENT AND IT & OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET, DATA.GOV CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS V 1.0, 27-28(2009).
    PREMIER MINISTRE, ACTION PLAN FOR FRANCE: G8 OPEN DATA CHARTER, 3-12(2013).
    THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE INTERNET POLICY TASK FORCE, COPYRIGHT POLICY, CREATIVITY, AND INNOVATION IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY, 61-77 (2013).

    (四)法律暨判決實務見解
    5 U.S.C. §22.
    5 U.S.C. §301(2006).
    17 U.S.C. § 105.
    Pub. L. No. 79-404, 60 Stat. 237(current version at 5 U.S.C. §§551-559, 3105, 7521).
    Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, Article 7, Article 8, Article 9, Article 10, Article 11.

    (五)網路影片
    OpenTaiwan, #opendata from Open Knowledge Foundation, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRVetWKDE1, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Tim Berners-Lee, The next Web of open, linked data, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OM6XIICm_qo, last visited June 16, 2014.

    (六)網站資料
    5 ★ Open Data, http://5stardata.info/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Andres Nin, A call for a single #opendata licence in the #EU, EDGERYDER, http://edgeryders.eu/spotlight-open-government/mission_case/call-single-opendata-licence-eu, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Audrey Watters, Choosing the right license for open data: Why OpenStreetMap is moving from Creative Commons to the Open Database License, http://strata.oreilly.com/2011/06/openstreetmap-creative-commons-open-database-license.html, last visited June 16, 2014.
    AusGOAL, AusGOAL Principles, http://www.ausgoal.gov.au/ausgoal-principles, last visited June 8, 2014.
    AusGOAL, What is `Open`, http://www.ausgoal.gov.au/what_is_open, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Australian Government Department of Finance, Declaration of Open Government, http://www.finance.gov.au/e-government/strategy-and-governance/gov2/declaration-of-open-government.html, last visited June 16, 2014.
    BITLAW, Database Legal Protection, http://www.bitlaw.com/copyright/database.html#preemption, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Charles Arthur & Michael Cross, Give us back our crown jewels, The Guardian (Mar. 9 2006), http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/mar/09/education.epublic, last visited June 16, 2014.
    CKAN, http://ckan.org/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Creative Commons Legal Code Attribution 3.0 Unported, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Creative Commons Legal Code Attribution 4.0 International, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Creative Commons Legal Code Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode, last visited June 16, 2014.
    CREATIVE COMMONS, Case Studies: Whitehouse. Gov, http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Case_Studies/Whitehouse.gov, last visited June 16, 2014.
    CREATIVE COMMONS, CC0 use for data (Apr.14, 2014) http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC0_use_for_data, last visited June 16, 2014.
    CREATIVE COMMONS, CC0, http://creativecommons.org/choose/zero/?lang=zh_TW, last visited June 16, 2014.
    CREATIVE COMMONS, Compatible Licenses, https://creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, last visited June 16, 2014.
    CREATIVE COMMONS, Government use of Creative Commons, http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Government, last visited June 16, 2014.
    CREATIVE COMMONS, History, http://creativecommons.org/about/history last visited June 16, 2014.
    Dan Kusnetzky, What is "Big Data?" (Feb. 16, 2010 - 03:19 GMT (11:19 SGT), http://www.zdnet.com/blog/virtualization/what-is-big-data/1708, last visited June 16, 2014.
    DATA.GC.CA, Canada`s Action Plan on Open Government, http://data.gc.ca/eng/canadas-action-plan-open-government, last visited June 16, 2014.
    DATA.GC.CA, Open Government Licence – Canada, http://data.gc.ca/eng/open-government-licence-canada, last visited June 16, 2014.
    DATA.GOUV.FR, Licence Ouverte/ Open Licence, https://wiki.data.gouv.fr/images/0/05/Open_Licence.pdf, last visited June 16, 2014.
    DATA.GOV, https://www.data.gov/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    DATA.NORGE.NO, Norwegian Licence for Open Government Data (NLOD), http://data.norge.no/nlod/en/1.0, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Debra Bowen, California Legislature Marks 10 Years Online, GOV’T TECH. (Jan. 22, 2004), http://www.govtech.com/e-government/California-Legislature-Marks-10-Years-Online.html, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Elizabeth Williamson, OMB Offers an Easy Way to Follow the Money, The Washington Post, December 13, 2007, http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-11441162.html, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Elliot Harmon, Digital Public Library of America Launches, CREATIVE COMMONS (Apr.18, 2013), http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/37866 last visited June 16, 2014.
    ESG MANAGERS® PORTFOLIOS, What is ESG?, https://www.esgmanagers.com/Sustainable_Investing/What_is_ESG, last visited June 16, 2014.
    EUROPEAN COMMISSION, What changes does the revised PSI Directive bring? (June 28, 2013), http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/news/what-changes-does-revised-psi-directive-bring, last visited June 16, 2014.
    GOV. UK, Government removes barrier to public data use (Sep. 30, 2010) https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-removes-barrier-to-public-data-use, last visited June 16, 2014.
    GUN OPERATING SYSTEM, GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3 (June 29, 2007) https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html, last visited June 16, 2014.
    GUN OPERATING SYSTEM, GNU Library General Public License version 2.0, https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/lgpl-2.0.html, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Guy Lamolinara, Congress on the Internet: New Web Server Organizes Online Information, LIBR. CONGRESS (Jan. 23, 1995), http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/9502/thomas.html, last visited June 16, 2014.
    INNOCENTIVE, https://www.innocentive.com/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Jane Park, AusGOAL: Open government policy developments in Australasia, CREATIVE COMMONS (Aug. 26, 2011), http://creativecommons.org/tag/ausgoal, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Joel Gurin, Big Data vs Open Data-Mapping It Out (Nov. 8, 2013), http://www.opendatanow.com/2013/11/new-big-data-vs-open-data-mapping-it-out/#.U1nphvmSz0c, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Jonathan Corbet, OpenStreetMap contemplates licensing (Oct. 22, 2008), LWN.NET, http://lwn.net/Articles/304218/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Joshua Tauberer et al., Open Government Data: Best-Practices Language for Making Data “License-Free” (Dec. 12, 2013) http://theunitedstates.io/licensing/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Laura James, Defining Open Data, OPEN KNOWLEDGE FOUNDATION BLOG (Oct. 3, 2013), http://blog.okfn.org/2013/10/03/defining-open-data/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    MOZILLA, Mozilla Public License Version 2.0, http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Nigel Shadbolt, New Open Government License, DATA.GOV.UK BLOG (Sep. 30, 2010), http://data.gov.uk/blog/new-open-government-license, last visited June 16, 2014.
    OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL, The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) (Mar. 19, 2009), 1, available at http://www.justice.gov/ag/foia-memo-march2009.pdf, last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPEN DATA @ CTIT, Public Dataset Catalogs Faceted Browser, http://datos.fundacionctic.org/sandbox/catalog/faceted/ last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPEN DATA COMMONS, Licenses FAQ, http://opendatacommons.org/faq/licenses/#Are_Share-Alike_Provisions_Such_as_Those_in_the_ODbL_Enforceable_In_All_Jurisdictions, last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPEN DATA COMMONS, ODC Open Database License (ODbL) Summary, http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/summary/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPEN DATA COMMONS, ODC Public Domain Dedication and Licence (PDDL), http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/pddl/1-0/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPEN DATA COMMONS, Open Data Commons Open Database License (ODbL), http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Open Database License (ODbL) v1.0, http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPEN GOVERNMENT GUIDE, Glossary: What is open Government? http://www.opengovguide.com/glossary/ last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPEN GOVERNMENT PARTNERSHIP, Eligibility Criteria, http://www.opengovpartnership.org/node/1338, last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPEN GOVERNMENT PARTNERSHIP, From Commitment to Action, available at http://www.opengovpartnership.org/sites/default/files/attachments/leaflet_no.pdf, last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPEN GOVERNMENT PARTNERSHIP, How to Join, http://www.opengovpartnership.org/how-it-works/how-join, last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPEN GOVERNMENT PARTNERSHIP, Open Government Declaration (Sep.2011), http://www.opengovpartnership.org/node/2727, last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPEN GOVERNMENT PLATFORM (OGPL), http://ogpl.gov.in/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPEN KNOWLEDGE FOUNDATION, Conformant Licenses, http://opendefinition.org/licenses/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPEN KNOWLEDGE FOUNDATION, Non-Conformant Licenses, http://opendefinition.org/licenses/nonconformant/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPEN KNOWLEDGE FOUNDATION, Open Data Handbook Documentation Release 1.0.0, 6-8, http://opendatahandbook.org/pdf/OpenDataHandbook.pdf last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPEN KNOWLEDGE FOUNDATION, Open Definition Version 1.1, http://opendefinition.org/od/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPEN KNOWLEDGE FOUNDATION, Welcome to Open Government Data, http://opengovernmentdata.org/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPEN KNOWLEDGE FOUNDATION, What do you think about Norway’s new open data license?, http://blog.okfn.org/2011/04/12/what-do-you-think-about-norways-new-open-data-license/#sthash.NJxlfTRQ.dpuf, last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPEN KNOWLEDGE, What is Open?, https://okfn.org/opendata/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPEN POLICY NETWORK, http://openpolicynetwork.org/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    OPENSTREETMAP BLOG, Automated redactions complete, https://blog.openstreetmap.org/2012/07/26/automated-redactions-complete/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Peter R. Orszag, Memorandum on Open government directive (Dec.8, 2009), available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/assets/memoranda_2010/m10-06.pdf, last visited June 16, 2014.
    POLICY MONITOR, Canada Proposes Open Government Licence, http://policymonitor.ca/technology/canada-proposes-open-government-licence/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    PRIME MINISTER`S OFFICE, Letter to Cabinet Ministers on transparency and open data, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/letter-to-cabinet-ministers-on-transparency-and-open-data, last visited June 16, 2014.
    PRIME MINISTER`S OFFICE, Letter to government departments on opening up data, May 31, 2010, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/letter-to-government-departments-on-opening-up-data, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Richard M. Stallman, The Free Software Definition, THE GNU OPERATING SYSTEM, http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.en.html, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Rufus Pollock, Open Database License (ODbL) v1.0 Released (June 29, 2009), OPEN DATA COMMONS, http://opendatacommons.org/2009/06/29/open-database-license-odbl-v10-released/#comments, last visited June 16, 2014.
    SCIENCE COMMONS, Comments on the Open Database License Proposed by Open Data Commons, http://sciencecommons.org/resources/readingroom/comments-on-odbl/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    SOCRATA, Open Data Sites Around the World, https://opendata.socrata.com/dataset/Open-Data-Sites-Around-the-World/94yk-sv28 last visited June 16, 2014.
    SUNLIGHT FOUNDATION, Ten Principles for Opening up Government Information (Aug. 11, 2010), https://sunlightfoundation.com/policy/documents/ten-open-data-principles/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Sylvia M. Burwell et al., Open Data Policy-Managing Information as an Asset (May 9, 2013), available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/memoranda/2013/m-13-13.pdf, last visited June 16, 2014.
    THE ANNOTATED 8 PRINCIPLES OF OPEN GOVERNMENT DATA, The 8 principles of open government data, http://opengovdata.org/ last visited June 16, 2014.
    THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION, Apache License v2.0 and GPL Compatibility, http://www.apache.org/licenses/GPL-compatibility.html, last visited June 16, 2014.
    THE ECONOMIST, Data, Data Everywhere: A Special Report on Managing Information (Feb. 27, 2010), http://www.emc.com/collateral/analyst-reports/ar-the-economist-data-data-everywhere.pdf, last visited June 16, 2014.
    THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES, Open Government License for public sector information, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/2/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    THE OFFICE OF THE PRIVACY COMMISSIONER OF CANADA, Open Government: Resolution of Canada`s Access to Information and Privacy Commissioners (Sep. 1, 2010), http://www.priv.gc.ca/media/nr-c/2010/res_100901_e.asp, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Timothy Vollmer, Europeana releases 20 million records into the public domain using CC0, CREATIVE COMMONS (Sep.12, 2012), http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/34017 last visited June 16, 2014.
    Timothy Vollmer, Launch of the Open Policy Network, CREATIVE COMMONS (May 19, 2014), http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/42736, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Timothy Vollmer, Obama issues Executive Order in support of open data, CREATIVE COMMONS (May 10, 2013), http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/38269, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Timothy Vollmer, White House supports CC0 for federal government datasets, CREATIVE COMMONS (May 9, 2014), http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/42643, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Ton Zijlstra & Katleen Janssen, The new PSI Directive – as good as it seems?, OPEN KNOWLEDGE FOUNDATION BLOG (Apr. 19, 2013), http://blog.okfn.org/2013/04/19/the-new-psi-directive-as-good-as-it-seems/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Ton Zijlstra, Single EU Open Data License Campaign, EPSIPLATFORM http://www.epsiplatform.eu/content/single-eu-open-data-license-campaign, last visited June 16, 2014.
    TREASURY BOARD OF CANADA SECRETARIAT, Minister Clement Launches Next Generation Open Data Portal (June 18, 2013), http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/media/nr-cp/2013/0618-eng.asp, last visited June 16, 2014.
    WHITE HOUSE, Executive Order: Making Open and Machine Readable the New Default for Government Information, available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/05/09/executive-order-making-open-and-machine-readable-new-default-government-, last visited June 16, 2014.
    WHITE HOUSE, Memorandum on the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) (Jan. 21, 2009), available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Freedom_of_Information_Act/, last visited June 16, 2014.
    WHITE HOUSE, Memorandum on Transparency and Open Government (Jan. 21, 2009), http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/TransparencyandOpenGovernment last visited June 16, 2014.
    WORLD BANK, Definition of E-Government, http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTINFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONANDTECHNOLOGIES/EXTEGOVERNMENT/0,,contentMDK:20507153~menuPK:702592~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:702586,00.html, last visited June 16, 2014.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    科技管理與智慧財產研究所
    101361019
    102
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101361019
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Graduate Institute of TIPM] Theses

    Files in This Item:

    File Description SizeFormat
    101901.pdf3408KbAdobe PDF21126View/Open


    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏,無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用,惟仍請適度,合理使用本網站之內容,以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用,則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作,已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益,如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者,請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw),維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback