| Abstract: | 朱熹融鑄調整，刪削改訂，最後終於完成《四書章句集注》，門人以《或問》解《四書章句集注》，還原朱熹的思考，三傳之後，兼取門人語錄，從朱熹與弟子講論尋求用意所在，成為四書詮釋的主軸。只是學脈日分，說解更細，《四書大全》於「凡例」整理出引用先儒姓氏，朱熹之外共計一○五家，不僅有文獻考據作用，於會同辨異之際，也有重新確認後人詮釋地位的意義，從地域分布以及學術系譜考察，不僅具有二程、朱熹、朱門弟子一脈相承的「道學」系譜，也有綜納各家思考方向，建構朱熹昂然挺立，集其大成宗主地位的安排，兩種思惟，得見由學脈、宗派而及於宗族情懷的傳衍脈絡，剔除歧異，回歸朱學原本，成為核心訴求，於此形塑《四書大全》「官學化」最重要的思惟基礎。朱熹溯源而上，融通宋儒義理與漢唐訓詁，完成《四書章句集注》；後代諸儒衍流而下，《四書大全》展現承襲與綜整的詮釋方向。
By means of working hard at adapting, omitting, revising, and integrating, Zhu Xi finally accomplished the Exegesis of the Collections of Texts from the Four Books (Sishu zhangju jizhu). In order to recover Zhu Xi`s thought, his disciples used the resources in the Queries of the Four Books (Sishu huowen) to explicate the content in the Exegesis of the Collections of Texts from the Four Books. Based on three annotations as well as the written records of Zhu`s disciples` lectures, exploring the implication of Zhu and his disciples` discourses has become the core of interpretation of the Four Books. Since there has been more and more schools of thought and explanations have been more and more detailed, the quotations in the Encyclopaedia of the Four Books (Sishu daquan) are totally from 105 Confucian scholars, except Zhu Xi. The abundant resources are not only useful for textual criticism but also reconfirming the meaning of later generations` interpretations. Through surveying the regional distribution and academic pedigree in the Encyclopaedia of the Four Books, I found that there is the coherent inheritance of the "Philosophy of Way (Daoxue)" from Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao, Zhu Xi to Zhu`s disciples as well as the integration of many scholars` thoughts. The two kinds of thought not only reveal the inheritance of schools, sects, and affections of clan, but also construct Zhu Xi`s position of representing a generalization of various viewpoints of the Four Books. In order to build up the most important foundation of the thought, "officialization," in the Encyclopaedia of the Four Books, I will cull out the dissimilitude with Zhu and focus on the origin of Zhu`s study. Continuing the critical interpretations in Han and Tang and integrating Scholars` ordinance in Song, Zhu accomplished the Exegesis of the Collections of Texts from the Four Books. Moreover, the succeeding scholars followed Zhu`s work to complete the Encyclopaedia of the Four Books, which demonstrated an inheritable and integrated way of interpretation. |
