Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/65111
|
| Title: | 亞太經濟合作會議糧食體系與糧食安全
APEC Food System and Food Security |
| Authors: | 賴奕如
Lai, Yi Ru |
| Contributors: | 姜家雄
Chiang, Chia Hsiung
賴奕如
Lai, Yi Ru |
| Keywords: | 糧食安全
亞太經濟合作會議糧食體系
世界糧食危機
穀物進口依賴率
糧食安全指標
Food security
APEC Food System
World food crisis
Ratio of cereal import dependency
Food security indicators |
| Date: | 2013 |
| Issue Date: | 2014-04-01 11:22:22 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 2007-2008年世界糧食危機之後，全球至今仍有9.25億營養不良人口，各種影響世界糧食價格居高波動的因素緊密交織，負面效果迅速跨疆域散布，國家難以獨自處理越趨複雜的糧食安全問題，而必須共同合作。由於數個主要穀物生產大國皆位於亞太地區，加以全球六成以上的營養不良人口也在此區，此區的糧食安全議題更形重要。鑒於此，本研究欲深入探討亞太經濟合作會議糧食體系的糧食安全倡議，對於協調建立一個更寬闊、多元的亞太糧食安全治理路徑，是否具有正面的影響。
本研究結合質化與量化的分析方式，探究亞太區三種程度依賴穀物進口的經濟體群的糧食供應性、糧食可獲得性、糧食可利用性、糧食穩定性，以及亞太經濟合作會議糧食體系的沿革與運作。此外，本研究利用聯合國糧農組織與世界銀行的數據資料，整理出亞太區糧食安全指標，藉此觀察經濟體加入該體系後的糧食不安全變化程度。本研究期透過上述探討，綜合評估亞太經濟合作會議糧食體系的整體成果。
本研究發現，亞太區的糧食不安全主要在糧食的穩定性與可獲得性面向，而糧食的供應性與可利用性面向則有改善。亞太經濟合作會議糧食體系透過相關計畫的推行或發展框架的制定，提供資源給糧食治理能力較弱的經濟體，並協調三種穀物進口依賴度經濟體的糧食安全政策。2012年後，亞太經濟合作會議有五分之四的經濟體，至少有一種以上的糧食安全面向獲得改善，顯示該體系對協調亞太區糧食安全，具有某種程度的幫助。
關鍵字：糧食安全、亞太經濟合作會議糧食體系、世界糧食危機、穀物進口依賴率、糧食安全指標
Since the world food crisis of 2007-2008, 925 million people have been undernourished around the world. Factors that drive up the fluctuation of food price interact more closely, thereby causing negative effects of food insecurity to quickly spread across the national boundaries. The transboundary effects make it difficult to solve food insecurity problem by single state. Therefore, corporation among countries becomes necessary. Several major cereal producing countries exist in Asia-Pacific, along with more than 60 percent of the world`s undernourished population; therefore, food security issues in this area are becoming more and more important. In brief, this study attempts to ascertain whether the initiative of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Food System (APEC Food System) has a positive influence on coordinating a broader approach of Asia-Pacific Food problem.
Besides, with qualitative and quantitative methods, this study deals with food availability, food access, food utilization and food stability of three economies with different ratio of cereal import dependency. The evolution and operation of APEC Food System are also included. This study also sorts out Asia food security indicators in Asia Pacific from the database of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Bank. Then, these indicators are used to observe the shift of food insecurity of APEC economies. Finally, the author evaluates the overall achievement of APEC Food System.
This study shows that food stability and food access in Asia-Pacific are not secured. In contrast, food availability and food utilization in Asia-Pacific are improved. Through the implementation of relevant food security projects or the establishment of development framework, APEC Food System can provide the resource to the economy with weak food governance capacity. Also, APEC Food System can coordinate the food policy between three economies with different ratio of cereal import dependency. After 2012, four fifths of the APEC economies have been improved in at least one dimension of food security. This phenomenon shows that APEC Food System has coordinated Asia-Pacific region with food security to some extent.
Key Words: Food security, APEC Food System, World food crisis, Cereal import dependency ratio, Food security indicators. |
| Reference: | 壹、中文部分
一、專書
中華人民共和國國家糧食局。《世界主要國家糧食概況》。北京：中華人民共和國國家糧食局，2008。
中華經濟研究院 (台灣 WTO 中心)。《美國、歐盟及日本農業改革政策與WTO農業談判互動關係之研究》。台北：外交部與經濟部國際貿易局，2008。
尹成傑。《糧安天下》。北京：中國知識出版社，2009。
李少軍。《國際關係學研究方法》。北京：中國社會科學出版社，2008。
周子欽。《APEC簡明參考手冊》。台北：中華台北APEC研究中心/台灣經濟研究院，2013。
徐劍英。《馬爾薩斯幽靈的回歸》。北京：中國致公出版社，2009。
柴田明夫(柴田明夫氏は)。《糧食爭奪戰》(迫リ來る「食糧小國」の危機)，孫玉珍譯。台北：商周出版社，2009。
顧堯譯著。《世界糧食生產流通和消費》。北京：中國財政經出版社，2009。
龔臣。《資源戰爭之謎》。北京：光明日報，2009。
二、期刊論文
丁慧、姚國章。〈韓國移動農業信息服務系統〉。《電子政務》，第12期(2010)，頁55-57。
中華台北APEC研究中心。〈APEC和世界銀行簽署強化糧食安全協議〉。《APEC通訊》，第140期(2011)，頁1-2。
中華台北APEC研究中心。〈APEC與促進區域性連結〉。《APEC通訊》，第160期(2013)，頁4-5。
王淑珍、于天祥、奚奇輝。〈俄羅斯食品安全法規體系研究〉。《檢驗檢疫學刊》，第2期(2011)，頁96-62，39。
丘奕宏。〈2013年APEC糧食安全政策夥伴全體會議與我國多年期倡議〉。《APEC通訊》，第162期(2013)，頁4-7。
包宗順。〈世界糧食生產、貿易、價格波動與糧食安全應對策略〉。《世界經濟與政治論壇》，第1期(2011)，頁134-146。
石雅如。〈墨西哥的新自由主義政策：加入北美自由貿易協定之觀察〉。《台灣國際研究季刊》，第8卷第3期(2012)，頁77-98。
宇野一雄。〈日本農業從事策略聯盟的經驗〉。《農政與農情》，第118期(2002)，頁53-56。
曲春紅、龔婭萍、母鎖淼。〈秘魯農牧業發展概況〉。《世界農業》，第9期(2012)，頁107-109，114。
宋強、耿弘。〈整體性治理：中國食品安全監管體制的新走向〉。《貴州社會科學》，第9期(2012)，頁86-90。
李舟生。〈美國農業政策新思維簡介〉。《農政與農情》，第172期(2006)，頁73-78。
李純慧、廖春梅。〈100年我國農產貿易概況〉。《農政與農情》，第237期(2012)，頁102-107。
李瑾、秦富。〈泰國食物消費升級對應的糧食安全水平測度與分析〉。《中國食物與營養》，第8期(2007)，頁37-40。
沈紅芳。〈菲律賓農業開發展戰略淺析〉。《東南亞》，第2期(2002)，頁17-21。
周妙芳、林永嚴、陳依文。〈日本新糧食安全政策及其對我國施政之啟示〉。《農政與農情》，第213期(2010)，頁61-73。
定光平、韓斌華。〈快速工業化城鎮化時期我國農業政策演進的路徑分析〉。《咸寧學院學報》，第3期(2009)，頁111-115。
林傳琦。〈韓國稻米政策簡介〉。《農政與農情》，第159期(2005)，頁67-72。
林麗芳。〈美國食品安全管理機制分析〉。《農政與農情》，第212期(2010)，頁76-80。
徐世澄。〈墨西哥的農業改革〉。《紅旗文稿》，第12期(2007)，頁34-36。
張忠根、方志偉。〈市場開放中的南韓農業結構調整及其對我國的啟示〉。《農業經濟問題》，第5期(2002)，頁60-63。
張明生。〈馬來西亞面向2020年農業發展趨勢〉。《世界農業》，第4期(1997)頁16-17。
張勇。〈墨西哥在貿易自由化進程中的農業改革：兼論農業補貼問題〉。《拉丁美洲研究》，第1期(2004)，頁46-64。
張偉令。〈印尼、菲律賓糧食流通政策的啟示〉。《中國糧食經濟》，第10期(1997)，頁40-42。
張靜文。〈加拿大有機食品和農業國家級策略計畫之簡述〉。《農政與農情》，第163期(2006)，頁67-70。
陳良彪。〈中國農業政策概要〉。《經濟研究參考》，第11期(1997)，頁 4-9。
陳帥如。〈當前我國糧食安全政策規畫方向〉。行政院農委會，第226期(2011)，頁75-81。
陳建宏。〈日本50年代之後農業政策之演進〉。《農政與農情》，第154期(2004)， 頁83-90。
陳昱安。〈日本保障糧食安全性原則與海外農業投資〉。《農政與農情》，第232期(2011)，頁76-81。
童福來。〈加拿大實施農業所得保險制度之探討與啟示〉。《農政與農情》，第88期(1999)，頁92-100。
黃富娟。〈APEC糧食安全論壇會議〉。《APEC通訊》，第132期(2010)，頁9-10。
黃富娟。〈APEC糧食安全議題之回顧與展望〉。《APEC通訊》，第136期(2011)，頁7-8。
黃瓊瑤、遊勝鋒。〈台灣糧食供需狀況與確保台灣糧食安全之政策措施〉。《農政與農情》，第196期(2008)，頁38-44。
楊玉婷。〈泰國農業發展現況與相關政策探析〉。《台灣經濟研究月刊》，第35卷第3期(2012)，頁99-100。
楊奕農。〈美國農地保育政策與執行成果簡介〉。《農政與農情》，第191期(2008)，頁77-83。
廖舜右。〈APEC食物安全議題之進展〉。《APEC通訊》，第102期(2008)，頁11-12。
趙洪。〈馬來西亞農業發展的成就與問題〉。《東南亞縱橫》，第3期(1998)，頁47-49。
劉玉文。〈100年我國糧食供需統計結果〉。《農政與農情》，第244期(2012)，頁97-102。
劉昭華。〈巴布亞紐幾內亞農業發展現狀與展望〉。《熱帶農業工程》，第34卷第1期(2010)，頁73-75。
劉常喜、張朵朵。〈越南農業改革評析〉。《延安大學學報》，第4期(2009)，頁1-5。
蔡海龍、韓一軍、倪洪興。〈美國2012年農業法案的主要變化及特點〉。《世界農業》，第2期(2013)，頁48-50，60。
蔡靜怡。〈印尼農業政策與糧食安全〉。《APEC通訊》，第158期(2012)，頁 4-5。
闕雅文。〈加拿大實施農場食品安全計畫之概述〉。《農政與農情》，第152期(2005)，頁85-89。
三、網路官方資料
〈中華人民共和國食品安全法〉。http://big5.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/flfg/2009-02/28/content_1246367.htm. (accessed May 18, 2013).
〈中華人民共和國食品衛生管理條例〉。http://law.lawtime.cn/d552536557630.html. (accessed May 18, 2013).
中華人民共和國國家糧食局。http://www.chinagrain.gov.cn/n16/index.html. (accessed May 15, 2013).
〈中華人民共和國農產品質量安全法〉。http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2006-04/29/content_271165.htm. (accessed May 18, 2013).
中華台北APEC研究中心。〈2009年領袖及部長會議議題分析〉。中華台北APEC研究中心，2009，頁24。www.ctasc.org.tw/02publication/2009chief/2009chief.pdf. (accessed October 8, 2013).
中華經濟研究院(WTO及RTA中心)。〈新回合談判：農業談判議題〉。http://taiwan.wtocenter.org.tw/issue/issuenego_AG.asp?id=30. (accessed December 8, 2013).
日本農林水產省。http://www.maff.go.jp/j/zyukyu/fbs/index.html. (accessed July 12, 2013).
行政院農委會。〈主要國家農業政策與發展趨勢之研究: 八月份要點摘要〉。http://coa.imita.org/htmlarea_file/web_articles/8789/0801.pdf. (accessed May 25, 2013).
〈行政院農委會2011年年報〉。http://www.coa.gov.tw/view.php?catid=209. (accessed June 2, 2013).
行政院農委會綜合統計官網。http://agrstat.coa.gov.tw/sdweb/public/common/ CommonStatistics.aspx. (accessed June 2, 2013)).
行政院農委會。〈標章掛保障〉。http:// theme.coa.gov.tw/suggest.php?issue=2445801&id=2445805. (accessed February 25, 2014).
周妙芳、黃昭興。〈參加「APEC經濟體糧食安全及糧食生產力研討會」出國報告〉。行政院農委會，2010，頁1-18。http://report.nat.gov.tw/ReportFront/report_download.jspx?sysId=C09903245&fileNo=001. (accessed June 18, 2013).
林文傑。〈日本食品安全委員會介紹〉。《農政與農情》，第136期(2003)。http://www.coa.gov.tw/view.php?catid=5097. (accessed June 18, 2013).
林美華。〈考察日本稻田多元化利用措施〉。行政院農委會農糧署，2009，頁10。http://report.nat.gov.tw/ReportFront/report_download.jspx?sysId=C09803913&fileNo=001. (accessed June 20, 2013).
邱錫欣、劉矜辰。〈澳洲農產品安全用藥及農藥殘留管制〉。行政院農委會，(2002)，頁9。http://report.nat.gov.tw/ReportFront/report_detail.jspx?sysId= C09200689. (accessed June 2, 2013).
〈食品安全衛生管理法〉。http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawContent.aspx? PCODE=L0040001. (accessed February 25, 2014).
香港特別行政區政府漁農自然護理署。http://www.afcd.gov.hk/tc_chi/agriculture/agr_hk/agr_hk.html. (accessed June 5, 2013).
香港特別行政區政府漁農自然護理署。〈有機耕作在香港〉。https://www.afcd.gov.hk/tc_chi/agriculture/agr_orgfarm/agr_orgfarm.html. (accessed March 14, 2013).
香港特別行政區政府漁農自然護理署，〈簡介信譽農場計畫〉，http://www.afcd.gov.hk/tc_chi/agriculture/agr_accfarm/agr_accfarm_intro/agr_accfarm_intro.html. (accessed March 14, 2013).
張靜文。〈加拿大食品安全暨品質計畫制度建立資助要點〉。行政院農委會，(2004)，頁1-6。http://ebooks.lib.ntu.edu.tw/1_file/COAEY/011878/1878.pdf.(accessed May 22, 2013).
張靜文。〈加拿大農業政策架構〉。行政院農委會，(2006)，頁4-9。http://ebooks.lib.ntu.edu.tw/1_file/COAEY/031035/1035.pdf. (accessed May 20, 2013).
陳郁卉、張淑賢。〈參加2013 APEC糧食安全政策夥伴 (PPFS)第1次會議〉。行政院農委會，(2013)，頁4-17。http://report.nat.gov.tw/ReportFront/report_detail.jspx?sysId=C10200211. (accessed July 5, 2013).
陳雅琴。〈美國有機農的認證標準與市場概況〉。行政院農委會，(2005)，頁1-6。http://ebooks.lib.ntu.edu.tw/1_file/COAEY/030245/0245.pdf. (accessed October 5, 2013).
黃琮琪、Yun-Shik Kim。〈南韓中長期糧食供給穩定政策〉。行政院農委會，(2011)，頁10。http://www.coa.gov.tw/view.php?catid=22945. (accessed June 21, 2013).
楊奕農。〈紐西蘭當前農業經營環境議題與未來成長之策略方向〉。行政院農委會，(2004)，頁 2-5。http://ebooks.lib.ntu.edu.tw/1_file/COAEY/030216/0216.pdf.(accessed May 10, 2013).
溫祖康。〈出席馬來西亞吉隆坡「利用創新技術推動APEC各開發中經濟體之糧食安全行動計畫研討會」報告〉。行政院農委會，(2012)，頁6-8。http:// report.nat.gov.tw/ReportFront/report_detail.jspx?sysId=C10102029. (accessed July 12, 2013).
蔡瑤玉、陳子瑋。〈APEC Food System技術報告〉。中華台北APEC研究中心，(1999)，頁3-7。www.ctasc.org.tw/02publication/newsletter_199910.pdf. (accessed October 10, 2013).
蘇宗振、陳啟榮、李允中。〈2012年APEC糧食安全保障研討會〉。行政院農委會，(2012)，頁9-10。http://report.nat.gov.tw/ReportFront/report_detail.jspx?sysId=C10100218. (accessed October 12, 2013).
四、網路資料
吳巨盟。〈非洲新夥伴發展計畫〉。http://www.wtocenter.org.tw/SmartKMS/do/www/readDoc?documentid=86615. (accessed April 28, 2013).
林燕如。〈全球有機農業出口第五大國，多元小農合作經濟─HOLA祕魯！〉。公視：我們的島。http://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/19358/. (accessed May 29, 2013).
〈南美南部農業部長會議達成共識〉。信使報，2012年7月30日。http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/i/jyjl/l/201207/20120708259635.html. (accessed April 29, 2013).
〈秘魯農業投資和發展潛力分析〉。http://www.visaun.com/miluqianzheng/touzi/1622.html. (accessed May 26, 2013).
〈彭明輝部落格〉。http://mhperng.blogspot.tw/2011/04/blog-post_4430.html. (accessed June 5, 2013).
曼谷台貿中心。〈汶萊擬與泰國合作開發交流清真食品〉。《國際商情雙週刊》，第292期(2010)。http://www.trademag.org.tw/catalog.asp?no=292. (accessed June 28, 2013).
經濟部。〈泰國：經濟環境〉。http://twbusiness.nat.gov.tw/countryPage.do?id=10&country=TH. (accessed November 10, 2013).
駐歐盟兼駐比利時代表處經濟組。〈歐盟動植物檢驗檢疫暨食品衛生法規簡介〉，2006，頁2-4。http://trade.coa.gov.tw/fileDownload.do?upfile=20100402072534690-774.doc. (accessed January 10, 2013).
環境資訊中心。〈稻米瀕絕，泰國建立「大米基因銀行」保存2.4萬稻種〉。http://e-info.org.tw/node/19562. (accessed November 10, 2013).
貳、英文部分
一、專書
Aggarwal, P. K. and A. K. Singh. "Implications of Global Climatic Change on Water and Food Security." In Global Change: Impacts on Water and Food Security ed. Claudia Ringler, Asit K. Biswas and Sarah A. Cline, 49-62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 2010.
Beauregard, Sadie. Food Policy for People: Incorporating Food Sovereignty Principles into State Governance: Case Studies of Venezuela, Mali, Ecuador, and Bolivia. n.p. : 2009.
Chern, Wen S. "Assesment of Demand-Side Factors Affecting Global Food Security." In Food Security in Asia: Economics and Policies, ed. Colin A. Carter, Wen S. Chern and Shun-Yi Shei, 83-118. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2000.
CJ Cavanagh, John and Jerry Mander, eds. Alternatives to Economic Globalization: A Better World Is Possible. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2004.
Collingwood, R.G. The Idea of History. New York: Oxford University Press, 1956.
Conway, Gordon. The Doubly Green Revolution: Food for All in the Twenty-First Century. Ithaca, NY. : Comstock, 1998.
De Olivier, Schutter. Human Rights Council: Report Submitted by the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food. New York: General Assembly of the United Nations, 2010.
Dowling, N. G. , S. M. Greenfield and K. S. Fischer, eds. Sustainability of Rice in the Global Food System. Davis, CA: Pacific Basin Study Center, 1998.
Eide, Wenche Barth. "From Food Security to the Right to Food." In Food and Human Rights in Development, ed. Wenche Barth Eide and Uwe Kracht. Antwerpen, Belgium: Intersentia, 2005.
El Obeid, Amani E. , Stanley R.Johnson, Lisa C.Smith and Helen H.Jensen. "Commodity Supply and Use Balances and Food Availability." In Food Security: New Solutions for the Twenty-first Century, ed. Amani E. El Obeid, Stanley R.Johnson, Lisa C.Smith and Helen H.Jensen, 35-72. Ames, IA. : Iowa State University Press, 1999.
Engdahl, William. A Century of War: Anglo-American Oil Politics and the New World Order. London: Pluto Press, 1992.
Fairbairn, Madeleine. "Framing Resistance: International Food Regimes & the Roots of Food Sovereignty," in Food Sovereignty: Reconnecting Food, Nature & Community, ed. Hannah Wittman, Annette Desmarais and Nettie Wiebe, 15-32. Oakland: Food First, 2010.
Fine, Ben. The Political Economy of Diet, Health and Food Policy. London: Routledge, 1998.
Fletcher, Lehman B. World Food in the 1990s: Production, Trade, and Aid. Boulder: Westview Press, 1992.
Gerardo, Otero, ed. Food for the Few: Neoliberal Globalism and Biotechnology in Latin America. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2008.
Hayam, Yujiro. "Food Security: Fallacy or Reality?" In Food Security in Asia: Economics and Policies, ed. Colin A. Carter, Wen S. Chern and Shun-Yi Shei, 11-17. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2000.
Hopkins, Raymond F. Food in the Global Arena: Actors, Values, Policies, and Futures. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1982.
Johnson, D. Gale. World Food Problems and Prospects. Washington, D.C. : American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1975.
Karácsony, Peter, Anzelm Kiss, and József Orbán. "The Role of Biofuels." In Global Food Insecurity: Rethinking Agricultural and Rural Development Paradigm and Policy, eds. Mohamed Behnassi, Sidney Draggan and Sanni Yaya, 245-256. Dordrecht: Springer Science, 2011.
Lang, Tim. "Food Security: Does it Conflict with Globalization?" In Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security: The Impact of Globalisation, eds. Vandana Shiva and Gitanjali Bedi, 259-273. New Delhi, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2002.
Madeley, John. Hungry for Trade: How the Poor Pay for Free Trade. New York: St. Martin`s Press, 2000.
Marsden, Terry and Jo Little. Political, Social, and Economic Perspectives on the International Food System. Aldershot, Hants, England: Avebury, 1990.
Mankiw, N. Gregory. Principles of Economics. Mason, OH. : South-Western Cengage Learning, 2012.
Mccalla, Alex F. and Alberto Valdés. "Diversification and International Trade." In Food Security, Diversification and Resource Management: Refocusing the Role of Agriculture? ed. G.H. Peters and Joachim von Braun, 113-125. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 1999.
Norberg-Hodge, Helena. "From Global Dependence to Local Interdependence." In Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security: The Impact of Globalisation, eds. Vandana Shiva and Gitanjali Bedi, 430-436. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2002.
Patel, Raj. Stuffed and Starved: The Hidden Battle for the World Food System. Brooklyn, NY. : Melville House 2012.
Radovanovic, Radomir. "Food Safety- the Global Problem as a Challenge for Future Initiatives and Activities." In Advances in Food Protection: Focus on Food Safety and Defense, ed. Magdy Hefnawy. Dordrecht: Springer Science, 2011.
Resosudarmo, Budy and Satoshi Yamazaki. Training and Visit (T&V) Extension vs. Farmer Field School: The Indonesian Experience. Canberra: Australian National University, 2011.
Robbin, S. Johnson. "Food Policy in APEC." In Whither APEC? The Progress to Date and Agenda, ed. C. Fred Bergsten, 109-128. Washington, D.C. : Institute for International Economics, 1997.
Sally-Anne, Way. "The Role of the UN Human Rights Bodies in Promoting and Protecting the Right to Food." In Food and Human Rights in Development, ed. Wenche Barth Eide and Uwe Kracht. Antwerpen, Belgium: Intersentia, 2005.
Schanbacher,William D. The Politics of Food: The Global Conflict between Food Security and Food Sovereignty. Santa Barbara, CA:Praeger Security International, 2010.
Sinha, Radha. Food and Poverty: The Political Economy of Confrontation. New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1976.
Sombilla, Mercedita A. and Mahabub Hossain. "Rice and Food Security in Asia: A Long-Term Outlook." In Food Security in Asia: Economics and Policies, ed. Wen S. Chern, Colin A. Carter and Shun-Yi Shei, 35-59. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2000.
Stédile, João Pedro and Horácio Martins de Carvalho. "People Need Food Sovereignty." In Food Movements Unite!: Strategies to Transform Our Food Systems. ed. Eric Holt-Giménez, 10-34. Oakland, CA. : Food First Books, 2011.
Thompson, Robert L. "Technology, Policy and Trade: The Keys to Food Security and Environmental Protection." In Food Security, Diversification and Resource Management: Refocusing the Role of Agriculture? ed. G.H. Peters and Joachim von Braun, 3-17. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 1999.
Westhoff, Patrick. The Economics of Food: How Feeding and Fueling the Planet Affects Food Prices. Upper Saddle River, NJ: FT Press, 2010.
Wittman, Hannah , Annette Desmarais and Nettie Wiebe. "The Origins & Potential of Food Sovereignty." In Food Sovereignty: Reconnecting Food, Nature & Community. ed. Hannah Wittman, Annette Desmarais and Nettie Wiebe, 1-14. Oakland: Food First, 2010.
Zerbe, Noah. "Setting the Global Dinner Table." In The Global Food Crisis: Governance Challenges and Opportunities, ed. Jennifer Clapp and Marc J. Cohen, 161-175. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2009.
二、期刊論文
Anonymous. "Food Prices: The End of Cheap Food." The Economist 385, no. 8558 (2007): 11-12.
Anonymous. "Food Safety Remains Top Priority for USDA." Quality Progress 44, no. 9 (2011): 12.
Carlson, Andrea, Mark Lino, Shirley Gerrior, and P. Peter Basioti, eds. "Revision of USDA`s Low-Cost, Moderate-Cost, and Liberal." Food Plans Family Economics and Nutrition Review 15, no. 2 (2003): 43-51.
Cathie, John and Roland Herrmann. "The Southern African Customs Union, Cereal Price Policy in South Africa, and Food Security in Botswana." Journal of Development Studies 24, no. 3 (1988): 394-414.
DeSchutter, Olivier. "The Right to Food: Fighting for Adequate Food in a Global Crisis." Harvard International Review 31, no. 2 (2009): 39-42.
Gilbert, John, Robert Scollay and Thomas Wahl. "The APEC Food System: Implications for Agricultural and Rural Development Policy." The Developing Economies 38, no. 3 (2000): 308-329.
Hagenmeyer, Moritz and Andreas Hahn. "Surprisingly ‘Cheap’ Health Claims for Food Supplements: By Courtesy of EFSA." European Food and Feed Law Review 5, no. 6 (2010): 325-340.
Hardin, Garrett. "The Tragedy of the Commons." Science 162, no. 3859 (1968): 1243-1248.
Johnson, Robbin S. and Ernest Micek. "The APEC Food System." The China Business Review 28, no. 5 (2001): 32-36 & 84.
Johnston, Bruce F. "Food, Health, and Population in Development." Journal of Economic Literature 15, no. 3 (1977): 879-907.
Magdoff, Fred. "The World Food Crisis: Sources and Solutions." Monthly Review 60, no. 1 (2008): 1-15.
Mathews, Jessica Tuchman. "Redefining Security." Foreign Affairs 68, no. 2 (1989): 162-177.
Mowbray, Jacqueline. "The Right to Food and the International Economic System: An Assessment of the Rights-Based Approach to the Problem of World Hunger." Leiden Journal of International Law 20, no. 3 (2007): 559-569.
Nicholson, Norman K. and John D. Esseks. "The Politics of Food Scarcities in Developing Countries." International Organization 32, no. 3 (1978): 679-719.
Pfeiffer, Reinhard and Jutta Werner Rolf Kappel. "What Became of the Food Crisis in 2008?" Aussenwirtschaft 65, no. 1 (2010): 21-45.
Rosset, Peter. "Food Sovereignty in Latin America: Confronting the `New` Crisis." NACLA Report on the Americas 42, no. 3 (2009): 16-21.
Smith, Anthony, Simon Terry and Dirk Detken. "10 Years of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the EU Food Safety System." European Food and Feed Law Review 7, no. 3 (2012): 111-116.
Sun, Juanjuan. "The Evolving Appreciation of Food Safety." European Food and Feed Law Review 7, no. 2 (2012): 87-88.
Thambipillai, Pushpa. "Brunei: Making Progress Slowly." Southeast Asian Affairs (2012): 89-100.
三、官方出版品
African Union. Soaring Global Food Prices and its Implications for Africa`s Development. n.p. : African Union, 2011.
APEC Policy Support Unit. Challenges to Achieving Food Security in APEC. Singapore: APEC, 2012.
APEC Policy Support Unit. Food Security Policies in APEC. Singapore: APEC, 2012.
APEC Secretariat. 2006 APEC Food System Report to the Ministers. n.p. : APEC, 2006.
APEC. APEC Food Safety Cooperation Forum: Operating Principles. n.p. : FSCF, 2011.
Chinese Taipei. Outcome of APEC Food Security Forum. Niigata, Japan: APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security, 2010.
Commission of the European Communities. White Paper on Food Safety. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities, 2000.
Economic and Social Council. Substantive Issues Arising in the Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: General Comment 12: The Right to Adequate Food (Art.11:1999/05/12). Geneva: Economic and Social Council, 1999.
FAO and WHO Expert Committee on Food Safety and World Health Organization. The Role of Food Safety in Health and Development, Expert Committee on Food Safety. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1984.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2003-2004: Agricultural Biotechnology Meeting the Needs of the Poor? Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2004.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2008: High Food Prices and Food Security: Threats and Opportunities. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2008.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2009: Economic Crises: Impacts and Lessons Learned. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2009.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2010: Addressing Food Insecurity in Protracted Crises. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2011: How Does International Price Volatility Affect Domestic Economies and Food Security? Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2011.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2012: Economic Growth is Necessary but Not Sufficient to Accelerate Reduction of Hunger and Malnutrition. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2012.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2013: The Multiple Dimensions of Food Security. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2013.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of Food and Agriculture 2007: Paying Farmers for Environmental Services. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2007.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of Food and Agriculture 2008: Biofuels: Prospects, Risks and Opportunities. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2008.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of Food and Agriculture 2009: Livestock in the Balance. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2009.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011: Women in Agriculture Closing the Gender Gap for Development. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2011.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of Food and Agriculture 2012: Investing in Agriculture for a Better Future. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2012.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of Food and Agriculture 2013: Food Systems for Better Nutrition. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2013.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAO Voluntary Guidelines to Support the Progressive Realization of the Right to Adequate Food in the Context of National Food Security. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2005.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Food Security Indicators. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2013.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Policy Brief: Food Security. Rome: FAO`s Agriculture and Development Economics Division, 2006.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Special Edition of the Right to Food Forum Newsletter. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2009.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Right to Food Newsletter. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2009.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets: High Food Prices and the Food Crisis-Experiences and Lessons Learned. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2009.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. World Food Security: International Undertaking on World Food Security (November 18-29, 1974). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, n.d.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. World Food Summit: Rome Declaration on World Food Security. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1996.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The State of the World’s Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture: Managing Systems at Risk. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2011.
International Food Policy Research Institute. Global Hunger Index: The Challenge of Hunger: Building Resilience to Achieve Food and Nutrition Security. Washington, D.C. : International Food Policy Research Institute, 2013.
Organization of American States. Declaration of Cochabamba on Food Security with Sovereignty in the Americas. Cochabamba: Organization of American States, 2012.
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Global Food Assessment: Situation and Outlook Report. Washington, D.C. : Economic Research Service, 1992.
United Nations Development Programm. Human Development Report 1994. New York: United Nations Development Programme, 1994.
United Nations Environment Programme. Global Environment Outlook 3. London: United Nations Environment Programme, 2002.
United Nations. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966). New York: United Nations, 1966.
United Nations.The Universal Declaration of Human Right. New York: United Nations, 1948.
World Bank. Poverty and Hunger: Issues and Options for Food Security in Developing Countries. Washington, D.C. : The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and World Bank, 1986.
World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Codex Alimentarius Commission: Procedural Manual (Twenty-First Edition). Rome: FAO and WHO Food Standards Programme, 2013.
World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations, Assuring Food Safety and Quality: Guidelines for Strengthening National Food Control Systems. Rome: FAO and WHO Food Standards Programme, n.d.
四、官方網路資料
"1st Annual Global Food Safety Partnership (GFSP) Conference: Coming Together for a Global Public Good." http://fscf-ptin.apec.org/docs/events/world-bank-global-food-safety-partnership-first-annualmeeting/FINAL%20Conference%20Statement_21Dec12.pdf.(accessed July 15, 2013).
"2012 APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security: Kazan Declaration on APEC Food Security." http://www.apec.org/meeting-papers/ministerial-statements/food-security/2012_food.aspx. (accessed July 8, 2013).
African Union. "Steering Committee of African-Arab Joint Action Plan on Agricultural Development and Food Security Held." http://allafrica.com/stories/201105031075.html. (accessed April 28, 2013).
"Agricultural Technical Cooperation Working Group." http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2.000/2000_aelm.aspx. (accessed November 10, 2012).
"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canda." http://www.agr.gc.ca/index_e.php. (accessed May 19, 2013).
Agriculture and Agri-Food. "Canada Business Risk Management (BRM) Programs for Farmers." http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/?id=1298489722164. (accessed June 5, 2013).
"Agriculture in Papua New Guinea." http://www.agriculture.org.pg/. (accessed June 25, 2013).
"Agriculture Reform. Food, and Jobs Act of 2013." http://www.ag.senate.gov/issues/farm-bill. (accessed October 1, 2013).
"Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority." http://www.ava.gov.sg/. (accessed June 20, 2013).
Anderson, Kym. "Towards an APEC Food System." http://www.apec.org/Groups/ Other-Groups/~/media/Files/Groups/AFS/99_afs_rpt.ashx (accessed October 5, 2012).
APEC. "2012 Leaders` Declaration: Integrate to Grow, Innovate to Prosper." http:// www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations/2012/2012_aelm.aspx. (accessed November 17, 2012).
"APEC Biosafety Policy Options Conference Underway in the Philippines." http://www.apec.org/Press/News-Releases/2006/0117_hlab.aspx. (accessed January 8, 2013).
"APEC Food System." http://www.apec.org/Groups/Other-Groups/APEC-Food-Syste m.aspx. (accessed November 2, 2012).
"APEC FSCF PTIN." http://fscf-ptin.apec.org/. (accessed July 6, 2013).
"APEC Leaders Declarations." http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Leaders-Declarations.aspx. (accessed July 2, 2013).
"APEC Meeting Documents." http://mddb.apec.org/Pages/default.aspx. (accessed November 8, 2013).
"APEC Ministerial Statements." http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Ministerial-Statements.aspx. (accessed July 2, 2013).
"APEC Officials to Share Views on Cartagena Protocol." http://www.apec.org/Press/News-Releases/2006/0225_vn_hldpab.aspx. (accessed January 8, 2013).
"APEC Policy Support Unit." http://www.apec.org/About-us/Policy-Support-Unit.aspx. (accessed July 18, 2013).
"APEC Project Database." http://aimp2.apec.org/sites/PDB/FormServerTemplates/BasicSearch.aspx. (accessed November 8, 2013).
"APEC Structure." http://www.apec.org/About-Us/How-APEC-Operates/Structure.aspx. (accessed March 17, 2014).
"ASEAN Food Safety Network." http://www.aseanfoodsafetynetwork.net. (accessed May 2, 2013)
"ASEAN Food Security Information System." http://www.afsisnc.org/. (accessed May 2, 2013).
"Australian Government: Department of Agriculture." http://www.daff.gov.au/about/contactus. (accessed October 1, 2013).
"China-ASEAN Inspection and Quarantine Information Web, Laws & Regulations: On Food Safety." http://caexpo.gxciq.gov.cn/html/c123/index.htm. (accessed October 1, 2013).
Codex Alimentarius. "Codex timeline from 1945 to the present." http://www.codexalimentarius.org/about-codex/codex-timeline/en/. (accessed January 12, 2013).
"Committee on World Food Security." http://www.fao.org/cfs/en/. (accessed January 30, 2013).
"European Food Safety Authority." http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/aboutefsa.htm. (accessed November 17, 2012).
Fardiaz, Dedi. "Integrated Food Safety System in Indonesia." http://caexpo.gxciq.gov.cn/upload/2011_01/11011316093618.pdf. (accessed October 1, 2013).
"FAOSTAT." http://faostat.fao.org/. (accessed May 2 , 2013).
"FAO Hunger Map." http://www.fao.org/filead min/ templates/hunger_portal/docs/poster_web_001_WFS.pdf. (accessed February 12, 2013).
"Feeding Hong Kong." http://feedinghk.org/. (accessed July 12, 2013).
"Final APEC Workshop Scheduled to Develop Fruit Fly Control Network: Intended to Curb Multi-Million Dollar Loss by Tropical Fruit Industry." http://www.apec. org/Press/News-Releases/2005/0316_sin_fruitflynetwork.aspx. (accessed January 8, 2013).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. "2050: A Third More Mouths to Feed. "http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/35571/icode/. (accessed February 18, 2013).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. "Food Security and the Financial Crisis." ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/meeting/018/k6360e.pdf. (accessed April 6, 2013).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, "What We Do." http://www.fao.org/about/what-we-do/en/. (accessed September 25, 2013).
Food and Drug Administration. "FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA)." http://www.fda.gov/food/guidanceregulation/fsma/default.htm. (accessed January 12, 2013).
"Food Safety Information System of Malaysia." http://fsis2.moh.gov.my/fosimv2/HOM/frmHOMPage.aspx. (accessed June 23, 2013).
"Food Security Portal." http://www.foodsecurityportal.org/. (accessed April 28, 2013).
Food Standards Australia New Zealand. "Australia`s safe food system." http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/about/safefoodsystem/Documents/Safe_Food_System_WEB.pdf. (accessed October 1, 2013).
Food Standards Australia New Zealand. "Media update: APEC Food Safety Cooperati on Forum Singapore 30 July 2009." http://archive.foodstandards.gov.au/scienceandeducation/mediacentre/mediareleases/mediareleases2009/apecfoodsafetycooper4393.cfm. (accessed July 12, 2013).
"Global Agriculture and Food Security Program." http://www.gafspfund.org/. (accessed April 8, 2013).
Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture. "Central America and the Caribbean to Update Their Agricultural R&D Indicators." April 2013.http://www.iica.int/Eng/prensa/IICAConexion/IICAConexion2/2013/N03/secundaria6.aspx. (accessed April 29, 2013).
Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture. "IICA strengthens ties with the European Union by signing an agreement in the Caribbean." http://www.iica. int/Eng/prensa/pages/comunicadoprensav1.aspx?cp=850. (accessed April 29, 2013).
"International Food Policy Research Institute." http://www.ifpri.org/. (accessed April 28, 2013).
"International Fund f or Agricultural Development." http://www.ifad.org/. (accessed April 28, 2013).
"International Planning Committee on Food Sovereignty." http://www.foodsovereignt y.org/Home.aspx. (accessed January 5, 2013).
" “L’Aquila” Joint Statement on Global Food Security. L’Aquila Food Security Initiative (AFSI)." http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2009/statement3-2.pdf. (accessed July 15, 2013).
"La Via Campesina." http://viacampesina.org/en/. (accessed January 5, 2013).
"Latin Aamerican Economic System."http://www.sela.org/view/index.asp?ms=258&pageMs=26461. (accessed November 17, 2012).
Law on Food Safety of Vietnam. "China-ASEAN Inspection and Quarantine Information Web." http://caexpo.gxciq.gov.cn/html/2010-11/96.htm. (accessed October 2, 2013).
"Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, National Agriculture Development Plan 2007-2016." http://aciar.gov.au/files/node/2406/Volume2-Implementation%20Plan%20part1.pdf. (accessed June 25, 2013).
"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan." http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/apec /ap_fs_1010.pdf. (accessed October 2, 2013).
"New Agricultural Initiatives to Assist Farmers in Developing Economies Trade Facilitation and Agricultural Sector Promotion Measures Agreed." http://www.apec.org/Press/News-Releases/2005/0620_atcwg_farmers.aspx. (accessed January 8, 2013).
"Niigata Declaration: 2010 APEC Ministerial Meeting on Food Security: Niigata Declaration-APEC Food Security." http://www.apec.org/Meeting-Papers/Ministerial-Statements/Food-Security/2010_food.aspx. (accessed July 8, 2013).
"Organization of American States." http://www.oas.org/. (accessed November 15, 2012).
"People’s Food Bank." http://foodbank.sjs.org.hk/. (accessed July 12, 2013).
"Policy Partnership on Food Security." http://www.apec.org/Groups/Other-Groups/Policy-Partnership-on-Food-Security.aspx. (accessed July 8, 2013).
"Public-private sector cooperation in APEC to reduce food losses." http://www.apec.org/Press/News-Releases/2013/0813_food.aspx. (accessed January 8, 2013).
"Rapid Response Forum." http://www.foodsecurityportal.org/rapid-response-forum?print. (accessed April 28, 2013).
"Rome Principles for Sustainable Global Food Security." http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/wsfs/Summit/Docs/Final_Declaration/WSFS09_Declaration.pdf. (accessed July 18, 2013).
"SAARC: Area of Cooperation Agriculture and Rural." http://www.saarc-sec.org/areaofcooperation/cat-detail.php?cat_id=44. (accessed May 2, 2013).
"Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agrariadel Perú." http://www.senasa.gob.pe/. (accessed May 15, 2013).
"The Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers." http://www.cgiar.org/. (accessed April 28, 2013).
"The International Food Safety Authorities Network." http://www.who.int/foodsafety/fs _management/infosan/en/. (accessed January 18, 2013).
"The Principles for Responsible Agricultural Investment (PRAI)." http:// unctad.org/en/Pages/DIAE/G-20/PRAI.aspx. (accessed April 28, 2013).
"The State of Food and Agriculture," http://www.fao.org/publications/sofa/en/. (accessed October 1, 2012)
"The State of Food Insecurity in the World." http://www.fao.org/publications/sofi/en/. (accessed October 1, 2012).
"U.S Food and Drug Administration: International Programs." http://www.fda. gov/InternationalPrograms/Agreements/MemorandaofUnderstanding/ucm107611.htm. (accessed May 25, 2013).
"United Nations Development Program." http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home.html. (accessed April 28, 2013).
"United Nations Environment Programme." http://www.unep.org/. (accessed April 6, 2013).
"Viet Nam Food Association." http://vfa.gov.vn/. (accessed October 1, 2013).
Vivas, Esther. "Nyeleni 2007-Forum for Food Sovereignty About to Get Underway." February 21, 2007, http://www.nyeleni.org/spip.php?article228. (accessed January 8, 2013).
"World Bank Data." http://data.worldbank.org/. (accessed April 15, 2013).
"World Bank Group." http://www.worldbank.org/. (accessed April 28, 2013).
"World Food Programme." http://www.wfp.org/. (accessed April 6, 2013).
五、新聞
AIB International. "Global Food Safety Fund Managed by World Bank." Quality Assurance & Food Safety, February 17, 2012.
Anonymous. "African Union and Red Cross Red Crescent Agree on Options for a Food Secure Africa." Targeted News Service, April 26, 2012.
Anonymous. " `Food Security with Sovereignty in the Americas` Will Be the Central Theme of the 42 OAS General Assembly in Bolivia." Targeted News Service, March 7, 2012.
Anonymous. "Globally Almost 870 Million Chronically Undernourished: New Hunger Report." Targeted News Service, October 9, 2012.
Anonymous. "IICA and European Union Sign Cooperation Agreement." The Gleaner (Jamaica), April 2, 2013.
Mac Kenzie C. Babb. "U.S. , International Partners Launch Food Safety Fund," IIP Digital U.S. Department of State, November 14, 2011.
六、網路資料
Amelia Rhodes. "APEC and Food Security." (2011), 11-13. http://www.globalvoices.org.au/wp-content/uploads/Amelia-Rhodes-Final-APEC-Research-Report.pdf (accessed November 17, 2012).
Carole Inkster. "New Zealand Food Safety Authority: Recent Developments in Food Regulation." http://www.worldfoodscience.org/cms/?pid=1004349. (accessed May 25, 2013).
"Comprehensive Africa Agricultural Development Program." http://www.nepad-caadp.net/. (accessed April 28, 2013).
Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero. "Food Safety System: Chile." http://www.slideshare. net/worldtap/food-safety-chile. (accessed May 15, 2013). |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
外交研究所
99253010
102 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0099253010 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [外交學系] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 301001.pdf | 5352Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 1651 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
