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    題名: 德國社會主義的興起
    German Socalism`s Blossom
    作者: 黃如慧
    貢獻者: 周惠民
    黃如慧
    關鍵詞: 工業化
    社會問題
    社會主義
    德國社會民主黨
    日期: 2012
    上傳時間: 2014-04-01 11:15:36 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 德意志人馬克思及恩格思是社會主義的代表性人物，德國社會主義者在巴黎公社失敗後掌握歐洲社會主義運動的領導權，德國工會運動的發展及至今仍十分有力的狀況，讓德國社會主義的研究成為社會主義研究最好的切入點；誠然，德國歷史發展的問題同樣影響了社會主義的發展，這使德國的社會主義具有其特殊性，但這種特殊並不妨礙對整體的理解，甚至有助於對歐洲社會主義及其文化脈絡的認識。
    本文《德國社會主義的興起》從德意志的中古時期論至20世紀初，從如此漫長的歷史中探求社會主義出現的可能因素，無疑是較為適當的；因為正是這一段足夠長的時間，可以在表面上清楚辨識出政治、經濟和社會的轉變，並在其下發現到思想及文化上的變化，這些因素湊在一起，主要的政治意識型態脈絡便梳理了出來。這中間包括了被視為不中不西的社會主義思想，其實也是人文主義的一種產物，甚至可以與希臘時期的人文主義加以對照(至於這點，本文難以論及)，在此一對照中，又看到了社會主義畢竟是時空歷史的產物，受到過真正宗教精神的洗禮，在謀求掙脫這種「精神桎梏」的同時，社會主義又落入了一種難以擺脫的尷尬處境──是一種「一切皆為可知」的樂觀主義與政治充分結合的結果，造成了平庸的現狀。
    本文以較為簡短的篇幅解釋馬克思以前的社會主義，是為指出社會主義是一個「現代化社會」(在本句中意指工業化社會)在發展時，面對新的社會問題而出現的政治主張，因此社會主義的精神源頭必須從社會問題的生成說起，社會問題也成為貫穿本文的主線。較長的討論馬克思與恩格思，他們總結了在他們以前的社會主義，其「反對舊秩序」的政治思想至此具有代表性與重要性，各種複雜因素所形成的看似簡單的社會問題，他們明確地指出根源正在於──社會問題是統治者在政治上以法律壓迫一般人民，在精神上以宗教麻痺一般人民，處理這樣的狀況便成為社會主義的基本主張。社會主義是一種意識型態，意識型態乃以其政治觀點涵蓋對真理、道德及美感的解釋，具有尋求認同及政治侵略的性質，於是一些本無中心思想及散漫的準工匠團體逐漸在社會主義的號召下聚集起來，他們所代表的是社會在開放過程中蒙受不利益的人們欲於政治上找到活路，以其數量上的愈形龐大成為不可小覷的政治力量，這些發展過程使歷史朝著政治民主化、文化大眾化的發展方向仿佛可以預見，而在今日成為「不容置疑」的真相。
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    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    歷史研究所
    96153006
    101
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096153006
    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[歷史學系] 學位論文

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