Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/64374
|
| Title: | 俄羅斯與喬治亞貪腐之比較研究
A Comparative Study on Corruption in Russia and Georgia |
| Authors: | 藍逸丞 |
| Contributors: | 林永芳
藍逸丞 |
| Keywords: | 貪腐
肅貪
廉政
後共轉型
警察機關
corruption
anticorruption
integrity
post communist transition
police institution |
| Date: | 2013 |
| Issue Date: | 2014-03-03 15:39:09 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 法治國原則作為當代政府治理所不可或缺之憲法規範，其之精義涵括了課予政府依法行政、恪守現行法律規範及法律原則等義務；承上所述，倘一國公部門行政為諸多貪腐情事所囿，其不僅意謂著違法行政與牴觸法治國原則之狀態，其猶與國家制度發展的健全性與否相涉。
再者，學界為求分析前開指涉的不利情狀，業已有繁多的相關文獻證實貪腐對經濟及社會環境造成的損害；於此，本研究對貪腐所進行之研究的動機，蓋可歸因於國際透明組織所釋出的貪腐印象指數報告；詳言之，除探索部分後共國家為何特別易於為貪腐所囿乃係本研究之所由外，此等國家的公部門於千囍年後的發展亦為所欲考查之部分。
總此，有鑑於對前述的後共貪腐情形為審慎評估之必要性，本研究應用了文獻分析、個案分析及法律分析方法進行諸多探討；又本研究作為和政府廉政與否具關聯性之議題，不僅政府與社會關係乃係觀察重點，公部門貪腐現象、警察制度發展、抑或是政府肅貪辭令及現實，亦為本研究就後共俄羅斯與喬治亞於斯範疇所欲分析之課題。
The principle of rule of law acts as a crucial constitutional element in contemporary governance, it requires the government to exercise its power in accordance with well-established and clearly written rules, regulations, and legal principles, hence if a state`s public sector has been affected by entrenched corruption, it not only means equally to the illegal status of administration, the breach of rule of law, but also correlates with the quality of a state`s institutional development.
In view of those aforementioned detrimental conditions, since lots of research effort had already verified the disastrous economic and social consequences of corruption, this study’s research motive was inspired by corruption perceptions index released by transparency international; in other words, why some post-communist states had been bothered with various corruptions after dissolution of the Soviet Union, and how do their public sectors evolve after Millennium.
In order to make proper assessment on those illegal phenomena above, this study was constructed by document Analysis, case study analysis and legal analysis. As a study relates with government’s integrity issues, this case study surveys on the relationship between government and society. And by means of exploring corruption phenomena in public sector, the development of police institutions, as well as anti-corruption rhetoric and its realities in Russia and Georgia during the post-communist period.
Keywords: Corruption; Anti-corruption; Integrity; Post-communist transition; police institution |
| Reference: | 參考文獻
中文文獻
王承宗，《俄羅斯經濟概況與發展前景》，問題與研究，第37 卷第 2 期（1998）
郭棨堯，「傳統制度主義、新制度主義與Douglas North制度變遷觀點之比較研究」，國立中山大學政治學研究所碩士論文（2011）
David Marsh, Gerry Stoker等著，陳義彥、陳景堯、林妤虹、吳宜璇、和景容、仁雲楠譯，《政治學方法論與途徑》，（台北：韋伯文化，2007），
Huntington, Samuel P.著，劉軍寧譯，《第三波：二十世紀末的民主化浪潮》（台北：五南，2008）
Judt, Tony 著，黃中憲譯，《戰後歐洲六十年．卷四，新歐洲、舊歐洲1989-2005》（台北：左岸，2012）
Lon L. Fuller 著，鄭戈譯，《法律的道德性》（台北：五南，2010）
Madison, James, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay著，謝淑斐譯，《聯邦論》（台北：左岸，2012）
Scruton, Roger著，王皖強 譯，《保守主義》(台北：立緒，2006)
英文專著
Amir, M. and S. Einstein eds., Policing, Security and Democracy: Theory and Practice (Huntsville:Office of International Criminal Justice,2001)
Aslund, Anders, How Capitalism Was Built: The Transformation of Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, and Central Asia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007)
Barry, Donald, D. ed., Toward the Rule of Law in Russia,(London: M. E. Sharpe,1992)
Cheloukhine, Serguei and M.R. Haberfeld, Russian Organized Corruption Networks and their International Trajectories (London:Springer,2011)
Cole, Eden & Philipp H Fluri eds.,From Revolution to Reform:Georgia`s Struggle with Democratic Institution Building and Security Sector Reform (Geneva:DCAF, 2005)
Fluri, Philipp H. and Eden Cole eds., From Revolution to Reform:Georgia`s Struggle with Democratic Institution Building and Security Sector Reform (Vienna:National Defence Academy,2005)
Gilinsky, Yakov,‘‘ The Contemporary Russian Corruption,’’ In: S. Nevala and K. Aromaa Eds., Organized Crime, Trafficking, Drugs,(Helsinki: HEUNI,2004)
Haller, Dieter and Cris Shore eds., Corruption:Anthropological Perspectives,(London:Pluto Press,2005)
Huntington, Samuel P., Political Order in Changing Societies, (CT: Yale University Press, 1968)
Johnston, Michael, Syndromes of Corruption: Wealth, Power, and Democracy, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006)
Karklins, Rasma, The System Made Me Do It: Corruption in Post-Communist Societies (NY: M.E. Sharpe,2005)
Kangaspunta, Kristiina, Matti Joutsen and Natalia Ollus eds.,Crime and Criminal Justice in Europe and North America:1990–1994(HEUNI:HEUNI, 1996)
Klitgaar, Robert, Controlling Corruption ( CA: University of California Press, 1991)
Kotkin, S. and S. Sajo eds., Political Corruption in Transition: A Skeptic’s Handbook, (Budapest: Central European University, 2002)
Kupatadze, A., Organized Crime, Political Transitions and State Formation in Post-Soviet Eurasia (UK:Palgrave Macmillan,2012)
Lambsdorff, Johann Graf, The Institutional Economics of Corruption and Reform Theory, Evidence, and Policy, (UK:Cambridge University Press,2007)
Miller, William L., Åse B. Grødeland.& Tatyana Y. Koshechkin, A Culture of Corruption? Coping with Government in Post-Communist Europe (Budapest:Central European University Press,2001)
Palmier, L., The control of bureaucratic corruption: Case studies in Asia, (New Delhi: Allied Publishers,1985)
Quah, Jon S.T., Curbing Corruption in Asian Countries: An Impossible Dream (UK: Emerald Group, 2011)
Rose-Ackerman, Susan,Corruption: A study in political economy, (New York:Academic Press,1978)
Rose-Ackerman, Susan,Corruption and Government, (UK: Cambridge University Press,1999)
Rowney,Don. K. and Eugene Huskey eds., Russian Bureacracy and the State:Officialdom From Alexander III to Vladimir Putin(US:palgrave macmillan,2009 )
Sajo, Andras, ‘‘ Introduction,’’ in Stephen Kotkin and Andras Sajo eds., Political Corruption in Transition: A Sceptic`s Handbook, (NY:Central European University Press,2002)
Shelley, Louise, Erik R. Scott & Anthony Latta eds., Organized Crime and Corruption in Georgia,( NY: Routledge,2007)
Shlapentokh, V.,Contemporary Russia as a Feudal Society:A New Perspective on the Post-Soviet Era,(UK:Palgrave Macmillan,2007)
Taylor, Brian D., State Building in Putin’s Russia: Policing and Coercion After Communism,(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2011)
Wheatley, J., Georgia from National Awakening to Rose Revolution: Delayed Transition in the Former Soviet Union (London: Ashgate, 2005)
英文期刊
Alt, James E. & David Dreyer Lassen, ‘‘ The Political Economy of Institutions and Corruption in American States,’’ Journal of Theoretical Politics, Vol. 15, No. 3(2003), pp. 341-365.
Andrews, Josephine T. & Gabriella R. Montinola, ‘‘Veto Players and the Rule of Law in Emerging Democracies,’’ Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 37, No. 55 (2004), pp. 55-87.
Bardhan, Pranab,‘‘ Corruption and Development:A Review of Issues,’’ Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 35, No. 3 (1997), pp. 1320-1346.
Barsukova, Svetlana Iu, ‘‘Corruption: Academic Debates and Russian Reality,’’ Russian Politics and Law, Vol. 47, No. 4(2009), pp. 8-27.
Beck, Adrian & Annette Robertson, ‘‘ The challenges to developing democratic policing in post‐Soviet societies:the Russian experience,’’ Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, Vol. 10, No. 4(2009), pp. 285-293.
Beck, Adrian & Lee, Ruth, ‘‘Attitudes to corruption among Russian police officers and trainees,’’ Crime, Law and Social Change, Vol, 38, No.4, pp. 357-372.
Black, Bernard S. & Anna Tarassova, ‘‘Institutional Reform in Transition: A Case Study of Russia, ’’ Supreme Court Economic Review, Vol. 10(2003), pp. 1-70.
Bivens, M. & J. Bernstein, ‘‘ The Russia You Never Met,’’ The Journal of Post-Soviet Demokratization, Vol. 6, No. 4(1998) ,pp. 613-647.
Boylan, S. P., ‘‘Organized Crime and Corruption in Russia:Implications for U.S. and International Law, ’’ Fordham International Law Journal, Vol. 19, No. 5(1995), pp. 40-41.
Brovkin, Vladimir N.,‘‘Corruption in the 20th Century Russia,’’ Crime, Law & Social Change, No. 40(2003), pp. 195-230.
Brym, Robert J. and Vladimir Gimpelson, , ‘‘ The Size, Composition, and Dynamics of the Russian State Bureaucracy in the 1990s, ’’ Slavic Review, Vol.1 No. 1 (2004), pp. 90-112.
Carothers, Thomas, ‘‘The Rule of Law Revival,’’ Foreign Affairs, Vol. 77, No. 2 (1998), pp. 1-13.
Celikpala, Mithat, ‘‘From A Failed State to a Weak One:Georgia and Turkish-Georgian Relations,’’ The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations,Vol. 36(2005), pp. 159-199.
Duvanova, Dinissa, ‘‘Bureaucratic Discretion and the Regulatory Burden: Business Environments under Alternative Regulatory Regimes,’’ British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 42(2012), pp.1-43.
Ehrlich, Isaac & Francis T. Lui, , ‘‘ Bureaucratic Corruption and Endogenous Economic Growth,’’ Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 107, No. 6(1999), pp. 270-293.
Endicott, Timothy A. O., ‘‘ The Impossibility of the Rule of Law,’’ Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 19, No. 1 (1999), pp. 1-18.
Fukuyama, Francis, ‘‘Transitions to the Rule of Law, ’’ Journal of Democracy, Vol. 21, No. 1(2010), pp. 33-44.
Gerber, T.P. and S.E. Mendelson, ‘‘Public Experiences of Police Violence and Corruption in Contemporary Russia: A Case of Predatory Policing,’’ Law and Society Review, Vol.42, No.1 (2008), pp. 1-44.
Godson, Roy, Kenney, Dennis Jay, Margaret Litvin & Gigi Tevzadze, ‘‘Building Societal Support for the Rule of Law in Georgia,’’ Trends in Organized Crime,Vol. 20, pp.1-15.
Gladarev, Boris, ‘‘Russian Police before the 2010-2011 Reform: A Police Officer’s Perspective, ’’ The Journal of Power Institutions in Post-Soviet Societies, Vol. 13 (2012)
Gimpelson, Vladimir and Daniel Treisman, ‘‘ Fiscal Games and Public Employment: a Theory with Evidence From Russia,’’ World Politics,Vol. 54, No.2(2002), pp. 145-183.
Hendley, Kathryn, ‘‘Telephone Law and the Rule of Law:The Russian Case,’’ Hague Journal on the Rule of Law,Vol. 1,No. 2(2009), pp. 241-262.
Holmes, Leslie, ‘‘ Corruption and the crisis of the post-communist state,’’ Crime, Law & Social Change, Vol. 27(1997), pp. 275-297.
Kingston, Christopher & Gonzalo Caballero, ‘‘ Comparing Theories of Institutional Change,’’ Journal of Institutional Economics, vol. 5, No. 2(2008), pp. 1-22.
Kneen, Peter, ‘‘Political Corruption in Russia and the Soviet Legacy, ’’ Crime, Law and Social Change, Vol. 34, No. 4(2000), pp. 349-367.
Kofanova, E. N. and V. V. Petukhov, ‘‘Public Opinion of Corruption in Russia,’’ Sociological Research, Vol. 45, No. 5(2006), pp. 23-45.
Kramer, J. M., ‘‘ Political Corruption in the U. S. S. R.,’’ The Western Political Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 2 (1977), pp. 213-224.
Kukhianidze, Alexandre,‘‘Corruption and Organized Crime in Georgia Before and After the `Rose Revolution, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 2(2009), pp. 215-234.
Kupatadze, Alexander, ‘‘Similar events, Different Outcomes Accounting for Diverging Corruption Patterns in Post-revolution Georgia and Ukraine,’’ Caucasus Analytical Digest, No. 26(2011), pp. 2-4.
Lapalombara, Joseph, ‘‘ Structural and Institutional Aspects of Corruption,’’ Social Research, Vol. 61, No. 2(1994), pp. 325-350.
Levina, Mark & Georgy Satarov, ‘‘Corruption and Institutions in Russia,’’ European Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 16 (2000), pp. 113-132.
Lui, Francis T., ‘‘ An Equilibrium Queuing Model of Bribery,’’Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 93(1985), pp. 760-781.
Man, Michelle, ‘‘Political Corruption in Russia: An Evaluation of Russia’s Anti-Corruption Strategies 1991-2009, ’’ POLIS Journal, Vol. 2(2010), pp. 1-53.
Mauro, Paolo, ‘‘Corruption and Growth,’’ The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 110, No. 3(1995), pp. 681-712.
Méon, Pierre-Guillaume & Laurent Weill, ‘‘Is Corruption an Efficient Grease,’’ World Development, Vol. 38, No. 3(2010), pp. 244-259.
Montinola, Gabriella R. & Robert Jackman, W., ‘‘ Sources of Corruption: A Cross-Country Study,’’ British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 32(2002), pp. 147-170.
Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina, ‘‘ Corruption: Diagnosis and Treatment,’’ Journal of Democracy ,Vol. 17, No. 3(2006), pp. 86-99.
Nye, J. S., ‘‘ Corruption and Political Development: A Cost-Benefit Analysis,’’ The American Political Science Review, Vol. 61, No. 2,(1967), pp. 417-427.
O`Donnell, Guillermo A., ‘‘Why the Rule of Law Matters,’’ Journal of Democracy ,Vol. 15, No. 4(2004), pp. 32-46.
Orlova, Alexandra V., ‘‘Organized Crime and the Rule of Law in the Russian Federation,’’ Essex Human Rights Review ,Vol. 2, No. 1(2005), pp. 23-37.
Raiklin, Ernest, ‘‘Continuity in Russian Corruption through Changing Societal Forms, ’’ The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies, Vol. 34, No. 4(2009), pp. 399-464.
Robinson, Neil, ‘‘The Political is Personal: Corruption, Clientelism, Patronage, Informal Practices and the Dynamics of Post-Communism,’’ Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 59, No. 7(2007), pp. 1217-1224.
Rose–Ackerman, Susan, ‘‘ Corruption and Government, ’’International Peacekeeping, Vol.15, No.3(2008), pp. 328-343.
Rothstein, Bo & Jan Teorell, ‘‘What Is Quality of Government? A Theory of Impartial Government Institutions,Governance,’’ Governance,Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 165-190.
Sajo, Andras, ‘‘From corruption to extortion: Conceptualization of post-communist corruption,’’ Crime, Law & Social Change, Vol. 40(2003), pp. 171-194.
Sandholtz, Wayne and Rein Taagepera, ‘‘ Corruption, Culture, and Communism,’’ International Review of Sociology, Vol. 15, No. 1(2005), pp. 109-131.
Schneider, Friedrich,‘‘Shadow Economies and Corruption all over the World: Empirical Results for 1999 to 2003 ,’’International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 35 No. 9(2008), pp. 1-59.
Seidman, Robert B., ‘‘Why Do People Obey the Law? The Case of Corruption in Developing Countries,’’ British Journal of Law and Society, Vol. 5, No. 1(1978),
Serguei, Cheloukhine and King Joseph, ‘‘Corruption networks as a Sphere of Investment Activities in Modern Russia,’’ Communist and Post-Communist Studies, Vol. 40 (2007), pp. 107-122.
Shleifer, Andrei and Robert W. Vishny,‘‘Corruption,’’ The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 108, No. 3 (1993), pp. 599-617.
Skaaning, Svend-Erik, ‘‘Measuring the Rule of Law, ’’ Political Research Quarterly, Vol. 63, No. 2(2010), pp. 449-460
Solomon, Peter H., ‘‘The Reform of Policing in the Russian Federation,’’ The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology,Vol. 38 No. 2(2005), pp. 230-240.
Svensson, Jakob, ‘‘ Eight Questions about Corruption,’’ Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 19, No. 3(2005), pp. 19-42.
Sweet, Kathleen M., ‘‘Russian Law Enforcement Under President Putin, ’’ Human Rights Review, Vol. 3, No. 4 (2002), pp. 20-33.
Treisman,Daniel, ‘‘Blaming Russia First: Three Books Examine Russia`s Woes,’’ Foreign Affairs, Vol. 79, No. 6 (2000), pp. 146-155.
Treisman, Daniel, ‘‘ The causes of corruption: a cross-national study,’’ Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 76 (2000), pp. 399-457.
Treisman, Daniel, ‘‘ What Have We Learned About the Causes of Corruption from Ten Years of Cross-National Empirical Research,’’ Annual Review of Political Science,Vol. 10(2007), pp. 211-244.
Werner, Simcha B., ‘‘ New Directions in the Study of Administrative Corruption,’’ Public Administration Review, Vol. 43, No. 2 (1983), pp. 146-154.
Wilson, Deborah G., Kolennikova, Olga,Kosals, Leonid, Ryvkina, Rozalina&Simagin, Yu n, ‘‘The economic activities of Russian police, ’’ International Journal of Police Science & Management, Vol. 10, No. 1(2008), pp. 65-75.
英文網路資料
‘‘Anticorruption in Transition:A Contribution to the Policy Debate,’’ The World Bank
<http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWBIGOVANTCOR/Resources/contribution.pdf>
‘‘An Investigative Report Tracking Corruption, Openness and Accountability in 25 Countries: Russia,’’Global Integrity- The Center for Public Integrity, <http://www.globalintegrity.org/reports/2004/docs/2004/2004Russia.pdf >
‘‘Average Bribe Grows to About $10,000 in Russia – Police,’’ JRL Home,<http://www.russialist.org/russia-average-bribe-grows-340.php>
‘‘BEEPS-at-a-Glance 2011: Russia,’’ The World Bank<http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/
WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/07/26/000356161_20130726123811/Rendered/PDF/755680REVISED00cleaned0June0020130.pdf>
‘‘Bribe Payers Index,’’ Transparency International<http://www.transparency
.org/research/bpi/>
‘‘BTI 2008:Russia Country Report,’’ Bertelsmann Stiftung,<http://www.bti-
project.org/countryreports/pse/rus/2008/>
‘‘Chapter 1:Rule of Law,’’ In National Human Development Report: The Reforms and Beyond, United Nations Development Programme <http://www.undp.org/content/georgia/en/home/library/
democratic_governance/nhdr2008/>
‘‘Chapter 1:Anti-corruptiontrends in Eastern Europe and Central Asia,’’ in Anti-corruption Reforms in Eastern Europe and Central Asia:Progress and Challenges: 2009-2013, OECD<http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content
/book/9789264201903-en>
‘‘Chapter 4: National Integrity System,’’ in Georgia National Integrity System Assessment 2011,Transparency International-Georgia<Georgia National Integrity System Assessment 2011>
‘‘Corruption in Russia Reached the Highest Level for the Past Eight Years,’’ NEWSru,<http://www.newsru.com/russia/24oct2008/corrupt.html>
‘‘Corruption in Russia as a Business,’’ The Institute of Modern Russia (IMR) ,
< http://imrussia.org/en/society/376-corruption-in-russia-as-a-business>
‘‘Corruption process in Russia: level, structure ,trends,’’ INDEM < http://www.
indem.ru/en/publicat/2005diag_engV.htm>
‘‘Corruption Perceptions Index,’’ Transparency International
<http://archive.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/previous_cpi>
‘‘Corruption in Georgia: Survey Evidence,’’ The World Bank <http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pcaab166.pdf>
‘‘Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation (English version) ,’’ OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights,<http://legislationline
.org/documents/section/criminal-codes/country/7>
‘‘Critics Say Draft on Financial Amnesty Hinders Anti-Corruption Drive,’’Civil Georgia<http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=8241>
‘‘Data Collection: Corruption in Georgia,’’ Caucasus Resource Research Centers,
<http://crrccenters.org/store/files/Reports/Data%20Collection_Corruption%20in%20Georgia.pdf>
‘‘Decree of the President of Georgia No.376:On approval of Georgian National Anticorruption Strategy,’’ Transparecny International:Georgia
<http://transparency.ge/sites/default/files/post_attachments/Decree%20of%20the%20President%20on%20Approval%20of%20National%20Anticorruption%20Strategy_ENG.pdf>
‘‘Doing Business in Russia: 2012 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies,’’ US Commercial Service<http://photos.state.gov/libraries/
russia/231771/PDFs/2012-ccg-russia.pdf>
‘‘Expensive Law Enforcement. Police Business And The Case Of Major Yevsyukov,’’ The New Times<http://www.redtape.ru/forum/showthread.php
?t=31617&highlight=Ilya+Barabanov%2C>
‘‘Economic Freedom: Freedom from Corruption,’’ The Heritage Foundation< http://www.heritage.org/index/explore>
‘‘Effective and Transparent Governance in Georgia:2009-2010,’’ Civil Service Bureau <http://www.csb.gov.ge/en/publications/annual-report>
‘‘Ex-Soccer Chief Released, as Plea Bargaining Applied,’’ Civil Georgia<http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=10543>
‘‘Fight Against Corruption is a Fight Against Society: Irina Khakamada, ’’ The Russia Journal<http://russiajournal.com/node/1275>
‘‘Fighting Corruption, Russian Style, ’’ CBSNEWS,
<http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-202_162-5179949.html>
‘‘First Evaluation Round:Evaluation Report on Georgia, ’’ Group of States against corruption,<http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/greco/evaluations/round1/GrecoEval1(2001)5_Georgia_EN.pdf>
‘‘First Evaluation Round:Compliance Report on Georgia,’’ Group of States against corruption ,<http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/greco/evaluations/round1/GrecoRC1(2003)12_Georgia_EN.pdf>
‘‘Follow The Money,’’ Newsweek, <http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/ 1999/03/28/follow-the-money.html>
‘‘From Opinion Toward Understanding:Russian Public Opinion 2010-2011,’’ Levada Center<http://en.d7154.agava.net/sites/en.d7154.agava.net/files/Levada2011Eng.pdf>
‘‘Georgia: Recent Economic Developments and Selected Issues,’’International Monetary Fund, <http://www.imf.org/external/pubs
/ft/scr/1998/cr9899.pdf>
‘‘Georgia: Integrity Indicators Scorecard,’’ Global Integrity< http://www.globalintegrity.org/>
‘‘Global Corruption Report 2004, ’’ Transparency International<http://archive.
transparency.org/publications/gcr/gcr_2004>
‘‘Global Corruption Report 2005,’’ Transparency International< http://www.
transparency.org/whoweare/organisation>
‘‘Global Corruption Report 2009: Corruption and the private sector,’’ Transparency International< http://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/pub/global_
corruption_report_2009 >
‘‘Global Corruption Barometer,’’ Transparecny International<http://www.
transparency.org/research/gcb/overview>
‘‘Government Moves to Cut Red Tape in Licensing,’’ Civil Georgia <http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=9589>
‘‘Government Ordinance #377:on the approval of Georgia’s National Anti-Corruption Strategy Implementation Action Plan, TI Georgia,<http://transparency.
ge/sites/default/files/post_attachments/Ordinance%20377%20-%20National%20Anti-Corruption%20Strategy%20Implementation%20Action%20Plan-September-E.pdf>
‘‘Is it possible to fight corruption in Russia, ’’ The Russia Journal, <http://russiajournal.com/node/1430>
‘‘Joint First and Second Evaluation Rounds:Evaluation Report on the Russian Federation,’’ Council of Europe:GRECO,<http://www.coe.int/t/
dghl/monitoring/greco/evaluations/round2/GrecoEval1-2(2008)2_RussianFederation_EN.pdf>
‘‘Joint First and Second Round Evaluation:Compliance Report on the Russian Federation,’’ Council of Europe:GRECO,<http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/
monitoring/greco/evaluations/round2/GrecoRC1&2(2010)2_RussianFederation_EN.pdf>(2010)
‘‘Joint First and Second Evaluation Round:Addendum to the Compliance Report on the Russian Federation,’’ Council of Europe:GRECO, <http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/greco/evaluations/round2/GrecoRC1&2(2010)2_Add_RussianFederation_EN.pdf>
‘‘Law on Civil Service,’’ Civil Service Bureau,<http://csb.gov.ge/uploads/
Law-of-Georgia-on-Civil_Service.pdf>
‘‘Life in Transition Survey, II,’’ European Bank for Reconstruction and Development<http://www.ebrd.com/pages/research/publications/special/transitionII.shtml>
‘‘Medvedev launches major police reform, ’’ TV-Novosti<http://rt.com/
politics/medvedev-law-enforcement-reform/>
‘‘Medvedev Admits Fight Against Corruption so far Unsuccessful, ’’ RIA Novosti <http://en.rian.ru/russia/20100714/159811331.html>
‘‘Medvedev Sets Up Independent Investigative Committee,’’ RIA Novosti
<http://en.rian.ru/russia/20101228/161972047.html>
‘‘Monitoring of National Actions to Implement Recommendations Endorsed During the Reviews of Legal and Institutional Frameworks for the Fight against Corruption: Georgia-Update on National Implementation Measures,’’ Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia<http://www.oecd.org/countries/georgia/
38009260.pdf>
‘‘Monitoring of National Actions to Implement Recommendations Endorsed During the Reviews of Legal and Institutional Frameworks for the Fight against Corruption:GEORGIA MONITORING REPORT,’’ OECD Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia <http://www.oecd.org/countries/georgia/38011474.pdf>
‘‘Nation in Transit 2011: Russia,’’ Freedom House<http://www.freedomhouse.
org/sites/default/files/inline_images/NIT-2011-Russia.pdf>
‘‘National Anti-Corruption Plan, ’’ Administration of the President of the Russian Federation
< http://archive.kremlin.ru/eng/text/docs/2008/07/
206715.shtml>
‘‘National Anti-Corruption Strategy, N 460,’’ Russian Presidential Executive Office
< http://eng.news.kremlin.ru/ref_notes/8>
‘‘New frontiers in diagnosing and combating corruption,’’ The World Bank,
<http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWBIGOVANTCOR/Resources/premnote07.pdf>
‘‘OECD Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan,Second Round of Monitoring:Georgia,’’ Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia
<http://www.oecd.org/countries/georgia/44997416.pdf>
‘‘Online Data Analysis,’’ World Value Survey <http://www.wvsevsdb.com/wvs/WVSAnalizeQuestion.jsp>
‘‘Parliamentary Committee Concerned Over Corruption in Customs Department,’’ Civil Georgia<http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=4215>
‘‘Phase 1 Report on Implememtimg the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in the Russian Federation,’’ OECD< http://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/
anti-briberyconvention/49937838.pdf>
‘‘Plea Bargaining in Georgia: Negotiated Justice,’’ Transparency International Georgia<http://transparency.ge/en/activity/monitoring-plea-bargaining-georgia>
‘‘Presidential Decree N 550: on the Approval of Georgia’s National Anti-Corruption Strategy,’’ Transparency International:Georgia,<http://transparency.ge/
sites/default/files/post_attachments/Presidential%20Decree%20-%20Georgian%20National%20Anti-corruption%20Strategy-E.pdf>
‘‘Putin urges police to avoid business wars, ’’ The Russa Journal <http://www.russiajournal.com/node/6003>
‘‘Putin Sets Up Council to Deal with Corruption,’’ Governance World Watch
<http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan014271.
htm#GSIEU02>
‘‘Putin Vows To Fight Corruption With ‘Inner Circle’ Of Aides,’’ Governance World Watch,
< http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un
/unpan000139.pdf >
‘‘Recent Corruption Cases Mark Beginning of Difficult Work to Root out Corruption in Russia :Medvedev, ’’ Russia Beyond The Headlines
<http://rbth.ru/articles/2012/12/07/recent_corruption_cases_mark_beginning_of_difficult_work_to_root_out_20914.html>
‘‘Regional Anti-Corruption Action Plan for Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan and Ukraine:Georgia,Summary assessment and recommendations,’’OECD Anti-Corruption Network for Transition Economies
<http://www.oecd.org/countries/georgia/37223582.pdf>
‘‘Russia：Yeltsin, The Family and the Bureaucratic Mafia,’’ The Spark-Class Struggle Magazine,No. 26<http://the-spark.net/csart264.html>
‘‘Russia Corruption Brief 2012, ’’ International Bar Association,
<http://www.ibanet.org/Document/Default.aspx?DocumentUid=5008B247-3757-44B0-8103-A826AFA31791>
‘‘Russia:Ministry of Internal Affairs,’’ Country Studies Series by Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress,<http://www.country-data.com/
cgi-bin/query/r-11541.html>
‘‘Russia: Integrity Scorecard Report 2006,’’ Global Integrity<http://back.
globalintegrity.org/reports/2006/RUSSIA/scorecard.cfm?subcategoryID=102&countryID=30>
‘‘Russia to spend around $7 billion on police reform in 2012-2013,’’ RIA Novosti,<http://en.rian.ru/russia/20100909/160525031.html>
‘‘Russia: Anti-Corruption Mechanisms and Rule of Law,’’ Global Integrity <http://back.globalintegrity.org/reports/2004/2004/scoresf15d.html?cc=ru&intQuestionID=272&catID1=6&catID2=1>
‘‘Second Evaluation Round:Evaluation Report of Georgia,’’ Council of Europe:GRECO
<http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/greco/evaluations/round2/GrecoEval2(2006)2_Georgia_EN.pdf>
‘‘Second Evaluation Round:Compliance Report on Georgia,Group of States against corruption,’’ Council of Europe:GRECO,<http://www.coe.int/t/
dghl/monitoring/greco/evaluations/round2/GrecoRC2(2008)9_Georgia_EN.pdf>
‘‘Strengthening Tax Collection,’’ in Fighting Corruption in Public Services:Chronicling Georgia’s Reforms, The World Bank,< http://www-wds. worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/01/20/000356161_20120120010932/Rendered/PDF/664490PUB0EPI0065774B09780821394755.pdf>
‘‘The Constitution of Georgia,’’ parliament.ge<http://www.parliament.ge/files/
68_1944_951190_CONSTIT_27_12.06.pdf>
‘‘The Constitutional Law of Rusia Federation, ’’ the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, <http://en.sledcom.ru/legal-information/>
‘‘The Global Corruption Report 2001, ’’ Transparency International
<http://archive.transparency.org/publications/gcr/gcr_2001>
‘‘The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post Conflict Societies, ’’ United Nations:Rule of Law
< http://www.unrol.org/doc.aspx?d=3096>
‘‘The Rule of Law Index 2012-2013 report,’’ The World Justice Project,
< http://worldjusticeproject.org/rule-of-law-index>
‘‘The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) and Georgian Legislation,’’American Bar Association Central European and Eurasian Law Initiative(ABA/CEELI) <http://apps.americanbar.org/rol/publications/
georgia-un-anticorruption-2006-exe-summary-eng.pdf>
‘‘Third Evaluation Round:Evaluation Report on Georgia on Incriminations,’’ Group of States against corruption,<http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/
greco/evaluations/round3/GrecoEval3(2010)12_Georgia_One_EN.pdf>
‘‘Third Evaluation Round Evaluation Report on the Russian Federation Incriminations (ETS 173 and 191, GPC 2),’’ Council of Europe:GRECO
<http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/greco/evaluations/round3/GrecoEval3(2011)6_RussianFed_One_EN.pdf>
‘‘TI Georgia NIS Report 2011, ’’ Transparency International<http://transparency.ge/nis/>
‘‘Top Officials of Tax Department Arrested for Suspected Bribery,’’Civil Georgia<http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=10236>
‘‘USD 30 mln Confiscated in Anti-Corruption Drive,’’ Civil Georgia <http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=8713>
‘‘What We Do,’’ Transparency International,
<http://www.transparency.org/whatwedo>
俄文網路資料
Демченко, Владимир, ‘‘ В России на каждого жителя втрое больше полицейских, чем в США,’’ Комсомольская правда,< http://www.kp.ru/daily/25929/2879080/>
Куликов, А., ‘‘Коррупция как угроза национальной безопасности России, ’’ Обозреватель Observer,<http://www.rau.su/observer/N04_99/4_03.HTM>
Нургалиев, Рашид, ‘‘Ставка на человека: МВД создало новую систему обучения и воспитания профессионалов,’’ Российской газеты,<http://www.rg.ru/2009/08/21/nurgaliev.html>
Чуклинова, А. и Демидова, Б., ‘‘Значительные даты в борьбе с коррупцией,’’obkom< http://obkom.org.ru/cor/dat/>
Фалалеев, Михаил, ‘‘Проверка на лживость,’’ Российская газета<http://www.rg.ru/2012/12/21/politsiya.html>
Шкель, Тамара, ‘‘Охотный ряд Полиция придет весной, ’’ Российская газета,<http://www.rg.ru/2010/10/29/duma.html>
Юрьевич, М. and Прудник, А.,‘‘Краткая история борьбы с коррупцией в Российской Федерации 1991 – 2010,’’ Независимое Аналитическое Обозрение
< http://www.polit.nnov.ru/2010/04/18/rosHistoryKorr/>
‘‘всероссийском опросе,’’ ВЦИОМ <http://wciom.ru/zh/print_q.php?s_id=520&
q_id=37411&date=28.02.1999>
‘‘Вспоминая первого президента России: какой была борьба с Коррупцией при Ельцине?,’’Коррупции.нет,
<http://www.corrupcia.net/articles/fact-4049.html>
‘‘ведев подписал закон О полиции: с 1 марта в России появятся образцовые полицейские,’’ NEWSru.com,
< http://www.newsru.com/russia/07feb2011/
mvd.html>
‘‘Диагностика Российской Коррупции Социологический Анализ: Российская Коррупция глазами Экспертов, ’’ ИНДЕМ<http://www.anti-corr.ru/awbreport/rutxt/1210.htm>
‘‘Дмитрий Медведев: Приоритетов не должно быть много. ’’ Известия
< http://izvestia.ru/news/309843>
‘‘Закон РФ О милиции, ’’ КонсультантПлюс,
< http://www.consultant.ru/popular/militia/>
‘‘Известия: Колокольцев продолжит реформу МВД, начатую Нургалиевым, ’’ Газета.Ру , <http://www.gazeta.ru/social/news/2012/05/24/n_2356317.
shtml>
‘‘Индекс доверия полиции,’’Levada Center
<http://www.levada.ru/04-03-2013/indeks-doveriya-politsii>
‘‘История борьбы с коррупцией в современной России. Справка, ’’ РАПСИ, <http://rapsinews.ru/anticorruption_publication/20120404/262678403.html>
‘‘Кого защищает закон,’’ Levada Center <http://www.levada.ru/press/2011012000.html>
‘‘Можно ли победить коррупцию,’’ ВЦИОМ
<http://wciom.ru/index.php?id=459&uid=113434>
МВД России< http://mvd.ru/>
‘‘Проблема коррупции в системе власти в современной России,’’ Учебные материалы,
< http://works.doklad.ru/view/oaao4ASHGks/2.html >
‘‘Россияне о бытовой коррупции, ’’ Levada Center,
<http://www.levada.ru/16-08-2013/rossiyane-o-bytovoi-korruptsii>
‘‘О государственной гражданской службе Российской Федерации,’’ Российская газета<http://www.rg.ru/2004/07/31/gossluzhba-dok.html>
‘‘О противодействии коррупции,N 273-ФЗ,’’ КонсультантПлюс <http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=146206 >
‘‘О защите прав юридических лиц и индивидуальных предпринимателей при осуществлении государственного контроля (надзора) и муниципального контроля,’’ Российская газета
< http://www.rg.ru/2008/12/30/prava-kontrol-dok.html >
‘‘О статусе члена Совета Федерации и статусе депутата Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации ,’’ НПП ГАРАНТ –СЕРВИС
<http://base.garant.ru/10118919/2/>
‘Об основах государ ственной службы Российской Федерации, ’’ Российская газета,
<http://www.rg.ru/1995/07/31/Federalnyjzakonot31iulya1995.html >
‘‘Об утверждении общих принципов служебного поведения государственных служащих,’’ The official internet-portal of legal information
<http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102077149>
‘‘Состояние бытовой коррупции в Российской Федерации,’’ Министерство экономического развития Российской Федерации,
< http://fom.ru/uploads/files/doklad.pdf>
‘‘Состояние преступности,’’ МВД,России
<http://mvd.ru/presscenter/statistics/reports>
‘‘Указ Президента Российской Советской Федеративной Социалистической Республики Об утверждении Положения о Главном Г осударственном Инспекторе РСФСР и Контрольном Управлении,’’ LEXPRO: Поиск по Реквизитам
< http://open.lexpro.ru/document/2489#1 >
‘‘Указ Президента РФ ОТ 28.06.2005 N 736 Президент Российской Федерации Указ,’’ lawrussia
< http://www.lawrussia.ru/texts/legal_178/
doc17a332x924.htm>
‘‘Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 24 декабря 2009 г. N 1468, ’’ Российская газета
< http://www.rg.ru/2009/12/28/mvd-dok.html>
‘‘Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 18 февраля 2010 г. N 208, ’’ Российская газета <http://www.rg.ru/2010/02/19/reforma-dok.html>
‘‘Устав патрульно-постовой службы милиции общественной безопасности Российской Федерации, ’’ IRIS,
<http://www.democracy.ru/library/laws/ministry/ustav_pps/>
‘‘Федеральный закон Российской Федерации от 27 июля 2004 г. N 79-ФЗ,’’ Российская газета <http://www.rg.ru/2004/07/31/gossluzhba-dok.html>
‘‘Федеральный закон Российской Федерации от 8 ноября 2011 г. N 309-ФЗ,’’ Российская газета
< http://www.rg.ru/2011/11/11/dovolstvie-dok.html >
‘‘Федеральный закон Российской Федерации от 19 июля 2011 г. N 247-ФЗ, ’’ Российская газета,
< http://www.rg.ru/2011/07/21/police-garantii-dok.html>
‘‘Число сотрудников вневедомственной охраны сократится на 22% - МВД РФ, ’’ РИА Новости
< http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20110504/370832508.html> |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
俄羅斯研究所
100263006
102 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100263006 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [俄羅斯研究所] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 300601.pdf | 4032Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 629 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
