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    题名: 美國專利市場新興中介者之研究 －以美國高智為案例探討－
    A Study on the Emerging Intermediates in the United States Patent Market –A Case Study on Intellectual Ventures–
    作者: 林芝宇
    Lin, Chih Yu
    贡献者: 李治安
    Lee, Jyh An
    林芝宇
    Lin, Chih Yu
    关键词: 高智
    專利市場中介者
    Intellectual Ventures
    patent market intermediate
    日期: 2012
    上传时间: 2013-10-01 15:41:12 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 知識經濟時代，企業為了維持競爭地位，重視技術與專利，原是為防止特定企業技術被複製或模仿。可是因為科技創新研發產品生命週期縮短、產品所涵蓋的專利權量多而複雜、與專利法規制度設計等因素，專利市場也因此而活絡，專利中介者的價值就此產生。專利中介者的存在使企業得以開放式之創新模式，進行組織內外部技術交流，為節省交易成本的種種問題，以及避免侵權爭議，專利中介經營型態開始多樣化，並隨著時間演進，不同型態的營運效益也開始呈現差異。過去中介者偏重於攻擊訴訟、防禦功能、移轉買賣，然而現今最大的專利中介者美國高智公司，其營運模式角色演化類型、價值創造，都與舊有的中介者營運模式不同。

    本研究以個案研究與文獻整理方式大略了解高智實際運作方式為何。高智已經擁有自己的實驗室，並且積極與研究單位合作提供研發預算，不同於其他專利事業體被動防禦、積極主張的角色，高智創造出與客戶發展長期的合作關係價值，高智發揮一般中介者降低交易成本之功能，更是主動引進學術研發使其專利商業化。另外，高智近年來也有主動發起專利訴訟，企圖維護該公司的專利資產價值，高智的營運模式在實際運作上雖未有明確的法律爭議，或許未來可能還是會有相關專利法與競爭法的問題。
    In the era of knowledge economy, entrepreneurs gradually take technologies and patents seriously. Patents have been traditionally used to prevent others from copying or imitating valuable technologies. During the past decade, the market for patent application, licensing and transaction began to grow rapidly. Because of shorter production of life cycle, overlapping set of patent rights, and complicated patent systems, many managers adopt the concept of open innovation. There are many obstacles while trading patents; therefore, patent intermediates are arising. As time goes on, these business models changed a lot. Intellectual Ventures, the brand new largest intermediate company, is regarded as a successful intermediary model with a unique business model attempting to bring more performances to the patent market.

    The major purpose of this study is to explore Intellectual Ventures real operation in the patent market. Intellectual Ventures has its own research lab, monetizes new inventions and cooperates with scholar research units. Intellectual Ventures creates a long term relationship with its clients and develops a different role from other traditional patent entities. Intellectual Ventures not only functions as a traditional intermediate to reduce the transaction costs, but also focuses on the commercialization of new patents and scholar ideas. But recently Intellectual Ventures has been involved in some civil legal activities to assure its own patent asset values, revealing that in the future the practice of Intellectual Ventures business can possibly cause some legal disputes about civil patent activities and antitrust conducts respectively.
    參考文獻: 文獻資料
    壹、中文文獻

    一、專書

    1.汪渡村，公平交易法，五南出版社，2007年增訂三版
    2.劉尚志、王敏銓，Patent Wars 美台專利訴訟實戰暨判決解析，元照出版公司，2005年4月

    二、報章雜誌

    1.DIGITIMES Inc.，宏達電高智共組專利防線 力抗蘋果大軍，2011年7月1日
    2.DIGITIMES Inc.，RPX網路：有效解決日益嚴重的專利風險問題，2012年10月11日
    3.DIGITIMES Inc.，專利聯盟已成大恐龍競爭法應行制約，2011年4月7日
    4.工商時報，借專利告蘋果，宏達電碰壁，2012年7月12日
    5.遠見雜誌，專利戰挨打到還擊，鞏固北美市場，第307期，2012年1月
    6.自由時報，對抗飛利浦 四大碟片廠聯合，A10版，2006年1月23日
    7.經濟日報，宏達電兩款新機 銷美被扣，A1版，2012年5月17日
    8.經濟日報，善用專利授權 創造價值，A13版，2007年6月7日

    三、期刊論文、研究報告、研討會論文

    1.王文宇、鄭中人，從經濟觀點論智慧財產權的定位與保障方式，月旦法學教室，頁167-200，2007年8月。
    2.張乃文，由產業化觀點淺析智慧財產權加值流通運用之平台，財團法人資訊工業策進會科技法律透析，第22卷，頁11-15。
    3.馮震宇，技術授權發展趨勢與新興授權模式，全國律師，10卷12期，頁40-49。
    4.陳志清，企業與未實施專利實體之互動關係及因應策略，專利師，2期，2010年7月。
    5.傅松青，論美國專利授權契約之搭售與專利權濫用，智慧財產評論，第10卷，頁69-109。
    6.熊誦梅，不當行使專利權之法律效果及救濟途徑－從美國法上之專利地痞、專利濫用及智慧財產授權準則談起，全國律師，第12卷第10期。
    7.劉江彬，美國法專利權濫用原則晚近發展之啟示，磐安智慧財產教育基金會，2011年7月。
    8.馮震宇，專利世界大戰，蘋果PK宏達電，管理顧問知識平台，2012年12月。
    9.葉雲卿，美國專利訴訟系列介紹，陪審團在專利訴訟的角色，智權報，2012年12月。
    10.謝銘洋，智慧財產權之概念與意義，月旦法學教室，2002年9月，頁110-117
    11.馮震宇，論實施專利權的相關問題與其限制，智慧財產權月刊第21期，2000年9月。
    12.何建志，生物技術專利之最適範圍－產業政策與法律分析，臺灣大學法學論叢，第33卷第5期。
    13.馮震宇，強化智財產業鏈中下游投資，掌控創新價值網絡，能力雜誌，2013年1月。
    14.孫遠釗，評臺灣面對國外專利侵權訴訟的對應策略─兼論政府參與「智慧財產基金」的可行性，智慧財產評論，9卷2期，頁138-170，2011年。

    四、網路資源

    1.天下雜誌，專利權之爭 宏達電輸了面子，2011年12月21日
    http://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5028961
    2.中華民國行政院經建會新聞稿
    http://www.cepd.gov.tw/m1.aspx?sNo=0015508


    貳、英文文獻

    一、專書
    1.James Boyle, The Public Domain: Enclosing The Commons of the Mind (2008)

    二、報章雜誌
    1.Alex Blumberg & Laura Sydell, This American Life：When Patents Attack, http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2011/07/26/138576167/when-patents-attack
    2.Amol Sharma, Myhrvold of Intellectual Ventures, WALL ST. J, Sep. 2008
    3.Aoife White, Samsung Faces EU Antitrust Complaint Over Apple Patent Clash, BLOOMBERG NEWS, Dec. 2012
    4.Ashby Jones, In Fight against ‘Patent Trolls’ a New Arrow in the Quiver? , WALL ST. J, Nov 2008
    5.Andrei Hagiu & David Yoffie, Intermediaries for the IP market, HARV. BUS. REV., Oct.2011
    6.BBC News, Bankrupt Kodak sells off Patents to Investors for $525m, Dec.19, 2012
    7.Charles Duhigg & Steve Lohr, The Patent, Used as a Sword, N.Y. TIMES, Oct. 7, 2012
    8.Coleen V. Chien & Mark A. Lemley, Patents and the Public Interest, N.Y. TIMES, Dec. 13, 2011
    9.Dan Slater, Invention Capitalism & the Law: Checking in on Nathan Myhrvold, WALL ST. J, Sep.17, 2008
    10.Eric Engleman, Verizon wields Myhrvold patent in dispute with TiVo over DVR tech, Bus Week, Feb 25, 2010
    11.Eric Savitz, He’s No Patent Troll,WALL ST. J, May 2008
    12.IAM, Interview with Donald Chisum - on patents, Jul./Aug., 2011
    13.Jeffrey Chang, Harbingers of Change: Intellectual Ventures, Allied Security Trust and RPX, NAIP PATENT BLOG, Nov.12, 2008
    14.Joe Mullin, Obama administration comes out swinging against patent trolls, ARS TECHNICA, Jun. 2013
    15.Joff Wild, IV Revenues Hit $2 Billion As Recent Deals Show Firm`s Links With Other Major Market Players, IAM BLOG, Mar. 11, 2011
    16.Matt Rosoff, REVEALED: How Giant Patent Troll Intellectual Ventures Does Business, BUSINESS INSIDER, Mar. 2012
    17.Matt Rosoff, Who Does Patent-Trading Firm Intellectual Ventures Work For, Anyway? , BUSINESS INSIDER, Jul 2011
    18.Matthew Lasa, Rollover image on your website? That will be $80,000, ARS TECHNICA, Oct 2010
    19.Max Stendahl, Facebook Taken To Court Over Message, Post Patents, Law360 LexisNexis News, Oct 26, 2011
    20.Nathan Myhrvold, the Big Idea: Funding Eureka!, HARV. BUS. REV., Mar. 2010
    21.Rachael King, Acacia: The Company Tech Loves to Hate, BUS WEEK, Feb. 2010
    22.Rebecca J. Rosen, Study: Patent Trolls Cost Companies $29 Billion Last Year, THE ATLANTIC, Jun. 29, 2012
    23.Rodney H. Brown, Vlingo buries the hatchet, OKs purchase by Nuance, BBJ, Dec. 20, 2011
    24.Round Rock Research LLC Covenant Not to Sue Sells for $38.5 Million at ICAP Ocean Tomo Spring 2011 Live IP Auction in New York City, PRNEWSWIRE, Apr. 1, 2011
    25.Scott Flaherty, Facebook Must Face Messaging Patent Suit in NY, Judge Says, LAW360 LEXISNEXIS NEWS, Sep. 4, 2012
    26.Steve Lohr, Turning Patents into ‘Invention Capital’, N.Y. TIMES, Feb. 18, 2010
    27.The White House Office of the Press Secretary, Fact Sheet: White House Task Force on High-Tech Patent Issues, Jun. 4, 2013.

    三、期刊論文、研討會報告、研究報告

    1.Allen Wang, Rise of the Patent Intermediary, 25 BERKELEY TECH. L.J. 159 (2010)
    2.Amy L. Landers, Liquid Patents, 84 DENV. U. L. REV. 199-266 (2006)
    3.Anne Layne Farrar & Klaus M. Schmidt, Licensing Complementary Patents: "Patent Trolls," Market Structure, and "Excessive" Royalties, 25 BERKELEY TECH. L.J. 1128 (2009)
    4.Ashley Chuang, Fixing The Failures of Software Patent Protection: Deterring Patent Trolling by Applying Industry-Specific Patentability Standards, 16 S. CAL. INTERDIS. L. J. 215 (2006)
    5.Carl Shapiro, Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard-Setting, 1 IPE 119 (2001)
    6.Colleen V. Chien, From Arms Race to Marketplace: The Complex Patent Ecosystem and Its Implications for the Patent System, 62 HASTINGS L.J. 297 (2010)
    7.Colleen V. Chien & Mark A. Lemley, Patent Holdup, the ITC, and the Public Interest, 98 CORNELL L. REV. 1 (2012)
    8.Donald S. Chisum, The Supreme Court and Patent Law: Does Shallow Reasoning Lead to Thin Law, 3 INTELL. PROP. L. REV. 1 (1999)
    9.FTC, To Promote Innovation: The Proper Balance of Competition and Patent Law and Policy (2003)
    10.Garrett Hardin, The Tragedy of the Commons, 162 SCIENCE 1243-1248 (1968)
    11.James Boyle, The second enclosure movement and the construction of the public domain, 66 LAW & CONTEMP. PROBS., 33-74 (2003)
    12.Jennifer Kahaulelio Gregory, The Troll Next Door, 6 J. MARSHALL. REV. INTELL. PROP. L. 292 (2007)
    13.Nick Mccann, Antitrust Battle Against `Patent Trolls`, CourthouseNewsService, (2012)
    14.Peter N. Detkin, Leveling the Patent Playing Field, 6 J. MARSHALL. REV. INTELL. PROP. L. 636 (2007)
    15.PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 2012 Patent Litigation Study (2012)
    16.Raymond Niro, Who is Really Undermining the Patent System – "Patent Trolls" or Congress?, 6 J. MARSHALL. REV. INTELL. PROP. L. 185 (2007)
    17.Reiko Aoki & Aaron Schiff, Promoting access to intellectual property: patent pools, copyright collectives, and clearinghouses, 38 R&D MANAGE 189 (2008)
    18.Thomas L. Ewing, Practical Considerations in the Indirect Deployment of Intellectual Property Rights by Corporations and Investors, 4 HASTINGS SCI. & TECH. L. J. 109 (2011)
    19.Tietze Frank & Herstatt Cornelius, Intermediaries and Innovation: Why they emerge and how they facilitate IP transactions on the markets for technology, 59 TECHNOLOGIE UND INNOVATIONS MANAGEMENT 1 (2009)
    20.Tom Ewing & Robin Feldman, The Giants Among Us, 2012 STAN.TECH.L.REV. 1 (2012)
    21.Wagner R. Polk & Parchomovsky Gideon, Patent Portfolios, 154 U. PA. L. REV.1, (2005)

    四、網路資源

    1.Alex Blumberg & Laura Sydell, This American Life：When Patents Attack, http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2011/07/26/138576167/when-patents-attack
    2.BTG, About BTG, http://www.btgplc.com/about-us/history
    3.BTG, About BTG, http://www.btgplc.com/about-us/strategy
    4.BTG, Media, BTG Sues Amazon http://www.btgplc.com/page/4782/btg-sues-amazon.com-barnesandnoble.com-netflix-and-overstock.com-for-infringement-of-patents-for-online-navigation-tracking-technologies
    5.Bruce M. Wexler, When Does a Licensee Have Standing to Sue for Patent Infringement? , mondaq advisory practice company
    http://www.mondaq.com/article.asp?articleid=16135
    6.IV, IV Lab, Malaria
    http://intellectualventureslab.com/?page_id=563
    7.IV, About Us, Funds
    http://www.intellectualventures.com/index.php/about/funds
    8.IV, IV Press Release, HTC and Intellectual Ventures Announce Licensing Agreement and Strategic Alliance, 2010/11/23, http://www.intellectualventures.com/index.php/news/press-releases/htc-and-intellectual-ventures-announce-licensing-agreement-and-strategic-al
    9.IV, Press Releases, Intellectual Ventures Takes Action to Enforce its Invention Rights
    http://www.intellectualventures.com/index.php/news/press-releases/intellectual-ventures-takes-action-to-enforce-its-invention-rights
    10.IV, Press Releases, Intellectual Ventures Takes Action to Enforce its Invention Rights, http://www.intellectualventures.com/index.php/news/press-releases/intellectual-ventures-takes-action-to-enforce-its-invention-rights
    11.IV, Press Releases, Intellectual Ventures and Olympus Settle Patent Dispute, Reach License Agreement http://www.intellectualventures.com/index.php/news/press-releases/intellectual-ventures-and-olympus-settle-patent-dispute-reach-license-agree
    12.IV, Press Releases, Intellectual Ventures Resolves Patent Dispute with Microsemi http://www.intellectualventures.com/index.php/news/press-releases/intellectual-ventures-resolves-patent-dispute-with-microsemi
    13.IV, Press Releases, IV Settles Three Patent Infringement Actions with SK hynix and Elpida
    http://www.intellectualventures.com/index.php/insights/archives/iv-settles-three-patent-infringement-actions-with-sk-hynix-and-elpida
    14.IV, Inventions & Patents, Our Patent Portfolio
    http://www.intellectualventures.com/index.php/inventions-patents/patent-portfolio
    15.IV, IV Lab, Intellectual Ventures Laboratory
    http://www.intellectualventures.com/index.php/inventions-patents/iv-lab
    16.PatentFreedom, All about NPEs, Litigations over Time
    https://www.patentfreedom.com/about-npes/litigations/
    17.Renesas, News Release, Renesas Electronics and Acacia Research Enter into Strategic Patent Licensing Alliance, Aug. 2010
    http://www.renesas.com/press/news/2010/news20100824.jsp
    18.RPX, Defensive Patent Acquisitions, 2012
    http://www.rpxcorp.com/index.cfm?pageid=19
    19.TerraPower, News, TerraPower, Conducts Information-Gathering Meetings to Advance its Traveling Wave Reactor Design
    http://terrapower.com/news/terrapower-conducts-information-gathering-meetings-to-advance-its-traveling
    20.USPTO, Patent Query
    http://assignments.uspto.gov/assignments/q?db=pat&pub=20090254972
    21.USPTO, Intellectual Property and the U.S. Economy http://www.uspto.gov/about/ipm/industries_in_focus.jsp
    22.WIPO, About WIPO, Treaties and Contracting Parties Treaties and Contracting Parties
    http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/registration/pct/
    23.WIPO, Press Room, Strong Growth in Demand for Intellectual Property Rights in 2012
    http://www.wipo.int/pressroom/en/articles/2013/article_0025.html
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法律科際整合研究所
    98652006
    101
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    数据类型: thesis
    显示于类别:[法律科際整合研究所] 學位論文

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