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    題名: 從橡皮圖章到專業立法？中國大陸全國人大專門委員會的制度化評估
    From Rubber Stamp to a Specialized Legislature?Institutionalization of the Permanent Committees in China`s National People`s Congress
    作者: 張鈞智
    Chang, Chun-Chih
    貢獻者: 趙建民
    Chao, Chien-min
    張鈞智
    Chang, Chun-Chih
    關鍵詞: 全國人民代表大會
    制度化
    專門委員會
    韌性威權
    橡皮圖章
    日期: 2012
    上傳時間: 2013-10-01 13:34:11 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 中國大陸全國人民代表大會制度向來被詬病為橡皮圖章（Rubber Stamp），僅具有合法化威權政體之功能，但隨著政治體制的理性化和法制化趨勢，人大制度可能扮演不同的角色。

    本文借鑑議會委員會理論，探討九至十一屆全國人大專門委員會的制度化（institutionalization）發展及其成效，研究發現有四：
    一、在三個制度化的指標當中，專委會以繁複性發展最為顯著，周界和普遍原則的建立仍面臨許多障礙。
    二、專委會領導階層的任免以部門利益而非專業為優先考量，但相較於無專業背景者，擁有專業背景者續任專委會職務的機率顯著較高。
    三、不同委員會在甄補成員時會考量不同因素，但相較於其他委員會，最具影響力的法律委員會未能以專業背景作為成員甄補的重要標準，不利於專委會的專業化。
    四、專委會制度化的成效展現在立法審議功能的強化，但立法起草的功能有所限縮，證明專委會的作用仍受到限制，另外，各個委員會之間面臨工作份量輕重不一的問題。

    研究結果指出，中國大陸全國人大專委會的制度化以專業立法的功能發展最為顯著，但仍面臨若干問題，制度化發展其實是依循黨國（party-state）邏輯，其目標是建構專業的議會制度，以更有效維持黨國利益，本研究為韌性威權（resilient authoritarianism）理論提出明確的例證。
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