Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/60457
|
| Title: | 大學生自我分化、壓力感受與身心健康之關係
The relationships among self-differentiation, stress, and health of college students in Taiwan |
| Authors: | 馬承逸
Ma, Cheng Yi |
| Contributors: | 修慧蘭
馬承逸
Ma, Cheng Yi |
| Keywords: | 自我分化
壓力感受
身心健康
self-differentiation
stress
health |
| Date: | 2010 |
| Issue Date: | 2013-09-05 15:28:07 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本研究目的為瞭解大學生自我分化、壓力感受與身心健康之間的關係。主要想探討一、大學生自我分化、壓力感受與身心健康之狀態；二、大學生自我分化與身心健康的關係；三、壓力感受在自我分化與身心健康關係中的角色。
本研究為問卷調查法，採用「大學生自我分化量表」、「日常瑣事量表」與「一般健康量表」為研究工具，以立意抽樣的方式選取北部地區大學生為研究對象，有效樣本為584名。調查所得資料以描述統計、積差相關與階層迴歸進行統計分析。
本研究主要發現如下：
一、大學生自我分化量表是一具有信效度，可測量個人觀自我分化程度之工具
本研究使用的大學生自我分化量表，是參考Chabot情緒分化量表與自我分化量表修訂版中有關個人觀點自我分化的題目，運用極端組檢定、相關分析法、α係數與因素分析，進行選題與信效度考驗。本量表共有四個因素：「我位置」、「情緒為主」「受他人影響」、「理智為主」，共計27題，具有良好的信、效度。
二、大學生自我分化、壓力感受與身心健康之現況
整體而言，大學生具有中等程度之自我分化、較低之壓力感受與較佳之身心健康。
三、大學生自我分化與身心健康具有顯著負相關
大學生自我分化程度越高，擁有較佳的身心健康。此外，「情緒為主」、「受他人影響」較「我位置」、「理智為主」與身心健康有較高的相關性。
四、大學生壓力感受在自我分化與身心健康的關係上具有有條件的調節作用
本研究以全體樣本探討壓力感受在自我分化與身心健康的關係中的調節效果時發現，壓力感受不具有調節效果。在刪除較低壓力感受50％之樣本再次進行分析，發現壓力感受之調節效果達顯著，而且在不同壓力組中，自我分化對身心健康的解釋力有所不同。
最後，研究者依據研究結果加以討論，並對未來研究及實務工作提出具體建議。
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among self-differentiation, stress, and health of college students in Taiwan. The questionnaire survey was adopted in this study. The research instruments included:“Differentiation of Self Inventory”, “Hassles Scale”, and “General Health scale”. There were 584 college students participants from north district in Taiwan. Data obtained in this study were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation, and Hierarchical regression analysis. The main results were as follows:
1.The Differentiation of Self Inventory is designed to measure Bowen`s intrapsychic aspect of differentiation consisting of “I-Position”, “emotion-based”, “affected by others”, and “intellectuality-based”were of high reliability and validity..
2.In the average, the college students in Taiwan have medium self-differentiation, lower stress, and better health.
3.In support of Bowen family systems theory greater differentiation of self among college students have better psychological and physiological health.
4.After removing the participants with scores of the Hassles Scales less than 50%,the daily hassles stress was the moderator between self-differentiation and health. In addition, the R square of self-differentiation predicting health was higher in high-stress group than in low-stress group.
According to above findings, implications for guidance and parenting were discussed, and suggestions for further research were proposed. |
| Reference: | 中文部分
王大維（1997）。家庭系統分化與大學生的心理社會發展之關係研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立彰化師範大學，彰化縣。
王春展、潘婉瑜（2006）。大學生的生活壓力與其因應策略。嘉南學報，32，469-483。
王韋婷（2008）。社會問題解決模式在台灣的適用性及其與壓力、憂鬱的關係（未出版之碩士論文）。國立政治大學，台北市。
王淑蓉（2009）。臺北縣市國小教師生活壓力、復原力與身心健康之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。臺北市立教育大學，台北市。
王琳雅（2006）。四技大學生生活壓力、自我效能與因應策略之探討（未出版之碩士論文）。中國醫藥大學，台中市。
王嚮蕾（1994）。原生家庭父母自我分化與青少年自我分化、焦慮之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立台灣師範大學，台北市。
石芳萌（2007）。高中職學生親職化、自我分化與身心健康之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。
江穎盈（2009）。大學生的生活壓力、社會支持與生命意義之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立政治大學，台北市。
余民寧（2006）。潛在變項模式：simplis的應用。臺北市：高等教育。
吳佳霓（2002）。青少年家庭系統分化、自我發展與生活適應之相關性的研究---以台中縣國中生為例（未出版之碩士論文）。南華大學，嘉義縣。
吳明隆（2007）。Spss操作與應用 : 問卷統計分析實務。台北市：五南。
吳麗娟（1998）。父母自我分化、教養態度對青少年子女自我分化、因應策略及適應影響之研究。教育心理學報，30（1），91-132。
呂碧鴻、陳秀蓉（1998）。日常生活事件與症狀歸因組型對高血壓疾病患者因應行為之影響（行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告，報告編號：NSC 86-2413-H-002-009-G7），未出版。
呂麗雪（1997）。青少年心理分離意義之探討（未出版之碩士論文）。國立政治大學，台北市。
李金治（2003）。國立臺灣師範大學四年級學生生活壓力、因應方式、社會支持與其身心健康之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。
周盈秀（2009）。職業婦女家庭壓力與非理性信念之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立嘉義大學，嘉義市。
林淑惠、黃韞臻（2009）。大學生的獨處能力與其生活壓力、相關變項之關係研究－以台灣中部大學生爲例。彰化師大教育學報（16），75-102。
邱皓政（2010）。量化研究與統計分析：spss/pasw 的操作原理與應用範例。台北：五南圖書公司。
姚雅云（2006）。家庭功能、自我分化與國中生非理性信念關係之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立高雄師範大學，高雄市。
胡雅婷（2005）。高職女生自我分化、人際互動與憂鬱傾向之相關研究～以台北市某高職為例（未出版之碩士論文）。中國文化大學，台北市。
修慧蘭（2009）。自我分化測量方式之研究--負向父親/母親字詞聯想測驗之發展（行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告，報告編號：NSC 98-2410-H-004-022），未出版。
修慧蘭、林筱婷（2010）。國立政治大學學生心理健康篩檢量表之編制。國立政治大學。
徐君楓（2004）。大學生知覺之家庭界限與其自我分化之關係（未出版之碩士論文）。國立政治大學，台北市。
栗珍鳳（1998）。大學生自我分化和心理社會發展之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。
翁素月（2003）。憂鬱症患者性別、非理性信念、生活壓力與其憂鬱程度之關係探討（未出版之碩士論文）。國防醫學院，台北市。
高明薇（1996）。高中、職學生自我分化與因應方式、心理健康關係之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。
張貝萍（2000）。單親家庭青少年自我分化、情緒穩定與偏差行為相關之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。中國文化大學，台北市。
張玨（1987）。大專聯考壓力症候群的探討。中華民國公共衛生學會雜誌，6（3），43-55。
郭美岑（1997）。自我分化與婚姻品質之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立彰化師範大學，彰化縣。
陳怡樺（2007）。大學生自我分化、親子衝突與生涯決定狀態關係之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺中教育大學，台中市。
陳姱蓁（2008）。高社交焦慮者對於情緒性刺激的注意力偏誤--驗證「認知內容特定性假設」（未出版之碩士論文）。國立政治大學，台北市。
陳姵瑱（2005）。偏頭痛與緊張型頭痛患者在人格傾向、生活瑣事、認知評估、因應策略與情緒的特徵（未出版之碩士論文）。輔仁大學，台北縣。
陳慧珊（2009）。大學生親職化現象、個體化程度與身心健康指標之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。
陳靜怡（2005）。大專生獨處狀態及其與身心健康之關係（未出版之碩士論文）。國立政治大學，台北市。
陸洛（2003）。人我關係之界定－“折衷自我”的現身。本土心理學研究，20，139-207。
黃于芬（2008）。大學生人際壓力、自我壓力、獨處偏好、獨處經驗與憂鬱傾向關係之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立新竹教育大學，新竹市。
黃慧雯（2002）。大學生的自我分化、社會活動經驗與自我認定狀態之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。
楊秀宜（1998）。犯罪青少年的家庭分化系統與其人格特質之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立高雄師範大學，高雄市。
楊晴如（2009）。大學生生活壓力、解釋風格與情緒幸福感之關係研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立政治大學，台北市。
葉光輝、黃宗堅、邱雅沂（2006）。現代華人的家庭文化特徵：以台灣北部地區若干家庭的探討為例。本土心理學研究，25，141-195。
賈紅鶯（1991）。父母自我分化、子女自我分化與子女適應水準之相關研究--bowen家庭系統理論之驗證（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。
劉姿君（1993）。大學生自我認定狀態與其生涯決定程度及自我分化水準之關係研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。
劉紀谷（2007）。大學生自我分化與社交焦慮之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立政治大學，台北市。
劉美娜（2004）。國小高年級學童之自我分化與其父母之自我分化及共依附之探討（未出版之碩士論文）。長庚大學，桃園縣。
歐陽儀（2009）。父母自我分化,親子三角關係,青少年子女自我分化對青少年子女身心健康影響之研究（未出版之博士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。
蔡惠君（2006）。高雄市國小高年級學童家庭功能、自我分化與幸福感之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。高雄師範大學，高雄市。
賴建志（2005）。大學生生活壓力、幽默風格與幸福感之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺北教育大學，台北市。
貳、西文部分
Adler, C. M., & Hillhouse, J. J. (1996). Stress, health, and immunity: A review of the literature. In T. W. Miller (Ed.), Theory and assessment of stressful life events (pp. 109-138). Madison, Conn.: International Universities Press.
Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469-480.
Asberg, K. K., Bowers, C., Renk, K., & McKinney, C. (2008). A structural equation modeling approach to the study of stress and psychological adjustment in emerging adults. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 39(4), 481-501.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
Bartle-Haring, S., Rosen, K. H., & Stith, S. M. (2002). Emotional reactivity and psychological distress. Journal of Adolescent Research, 17(6), 568-585.
Bartle, S. E., & Sabatelli, R. M. (1995). The behavioral and emotional reactivity index: Preliminary evidence for construct validity from three studies. Family Relations, 44(3), 267-277.
Bebbington, P., Bowen, J., & Ramana, R. (1997). Life events and psychotic disorders. In T. W. Miller (Ed.), Clinical disorders and stressful life events (pp. 89-119). Madison, Conn.: International Universities Pres.
Beebe, R., & Frisch, N. (2009). Development of the differentiation of self and role Inventory for Nurses (DSRI-RN): A tool to measure internal dimensions of workplace stress. Nursing Outlook, 57(5), 240-245.
Bowen, M. (1978). Family therpy in clinical practice. Northvale,NJ: Jason Aronson.
Bray, J. H., Harvey, D. M., & Williamson, D. S. (1987). Intergenerational family relationships: An evaluation of theory and measurement. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 24, 516-528.
Bray, J. H., Williamson, D. S., & Harvey, D. M. (1984). Personal authority in the family system: Development of a questionnaire to measure personal authority in intergenerational family processes. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 10(2), 167-168.
Burks, N., & Martin, B. (1983). Everyday problems and life-change events: Ongoing versus acute sources of stress. J Human Stress, 11, 27-35.
Chabot, D. (1993). Preliminary psychometric properties of the Chabot Emotional Differentiation Scale.Unpublished manuscript.
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385-396.
Cohen, S., Tyrrell, D. A. J., & Smith, A. P. (1991). Psychological stress in humans and susceptibility to the common cold. New England Journal of Medicine, 325, 606-612.
Dohrenwend, B. S., Dohrenwend, B. P., Dodson, M., & Shrout, P. E. (1984). Symptoms, hassles, social supports and life events: The problem of confounded measures. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 93, 222-230.
Doublet, S. (2000). The stress myth. Chesterfield, MO: Science & Humanities Press.
Erickson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton.
Faravelli, C., & Paterniti, S. (1997). Stressful life events and panic disorder. In T. W. Miller (Ed.), Clinical disorders and stressful life events (pp. 143-170). Madison, Conn.: International Universities Pres.
Flett, R. A., Kazantzis, N., Long, N. R., MacDonald, C., & Millar, M. (2002). Traumatic events and physical health in a New Zealand community sample. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15(4), 303-312.
Flores, E., Tschann, J. M., Dimas, J. M., Bachen, E. A., Pasch, L. A., & de Groat, C. L. (2008). Perceived discrimination, perceived stress, and mental and physical health among Mexican-origin adults. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 30(4), 401-424.
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(1), 150-170.
Freeman, H., & Almond, T. (2009). Predicting adolescent self differentiation from relationships with parents and romantic partners. International Journal of Adolescence & Youth, 15(1/2), 121-143.
Frey, L. L., Beesley, D., & Miller, M. R. (2006). Relational health, attachment, and psychological distress in college women and men. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30(3), 303-311.
Friedman, E. H. (1991). Bowen theory and therapy. In A. S. Gurman & D. PKniskern (Eds.), Handbook of family therapy (Vol. 2, pp. 134-170). New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Gavazzi, S. M. (1993). The relation between family differentiation levels in families with adolescents and the severity of presenting problems. Family Relations, 42(4), 463-468.
Gavazzi, S. M., Anderson, S. A., & Sabatelli, R. M. (1993). Family differentiation, peer differentiation, and adolescent adjustment in a clinical sample. Journal of Adolescent Research, 8(2), 205-225.
Gavazzi, S. M., Goettler, D., Solomon, S., & McKenry, P. (1994). The impact of family and peer differentiation levels on adolescent psychosocial development and problematic behaviors. Contemporary Family Therapy, 16(5), 431-448.
Grant, K. E., Behling, S., Gipson, P. Y., & Ford, R. E. (2005). Adolescent stress: The relationship between stress and mental health problems. Prevention Researcher, 12(3), 3-6.
Grant, K. E., Compas, B. E., Stuhlmacher, A. F., Thurm, A. E., McMahon, S. D., & Halpert, J. A. (2003). Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: Moving from markers to mechanisms of risk. Psychological Bulletin, 129(3), 447-466.
Gross, J. J. (1998). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 224-237.
Haber, J. (1984). An investigation of the relationship between differentiation of self, complementary psychological need patterns, and marital conflict. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, New York University, NY.
Haber, J. (1993). A construct validity study of a differentiation of self scale. Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice, 7(3), 165-178.
Hampel, P., & Petermann, F. (2006). Perceived stress, coping, and adjustment in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(4), 409-415.
Hiester, M., Nordstrom, A., & Swenson, L. M. (2009). Stability and change in parental attachment and adjustment outcomes during the first semester transition to college life. Journal of College Student Development, 50(5), 521-538.
Hoffman, J. A., & Weiss, B. (1987). Family dynamics and presenting problems in college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34(2), 157-163.
Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967). The social readjustment rating scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11(2), 213-218.
Jacques, F. J., & Kline, T. J. B. (2006). The role of self-differentiation in predicting Emotional Intelligence and leadership. International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion 1(4), 379-398.
Johnson, P., Buboltz, W. C., Jr., & Seemann, E. (2003). Ego identity status: A step in the differentiation process. Journal of Counseling & Development, 81(2), 191-195.
Kanner, A. D., Coyne, J. C., Schaefer, C., & Lazarus, R. S. (1981). Comparison of two modes of stress measurement: Daily hassles and uplifts versus major life events. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1), 1-39.
Karasick, S. (2004). Individuation, differentiation, and psychological adjustment in Orthodox Jewish college students. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, Fordham University, New York.
Kerr, M. E., & Bowen, M. (1988). Family evaluation: An approach based on Bowen theory. New York: Norton.
Klever, P. (2009). Goal direction and effectiveness, emotional maturity, and nuclear family functioning. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 35(3), 308-324.
Kohn, P. M., Lafreniere, K., & Gurevich, M. (1990). The inventory of college students` recent life experiences: A decontaminated hassles scale for a special population. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 13(6), 619-630.
Lazarus, R. S. (2007). Stress and emotion : a new synthesis. In A. Monat, R. S. Lazarus & G. Reevy (Eds.), The Praeger handbook on stress and coping. Westport, Conn.: Praeger.
Lazarus, R. S., & Cohen, J. B. (1990). Environment and behavior studies : emergence of intellectual traditions. In I. Altman & K. Christensen (Eds.). New York: Plenum Press.
Lazarus, R. S., DeLongis, A., Folkman, S., & Gruen, R. (1985). Stress and adaptational outcomes: The problem of confounded measures. Am. Psychol., 40(7), 770-785.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer Pub. Co.
Licht, C., & Chabot, D. (2006). The Chabot emotional differentiation scale: A theoretically and psychometrically sound instrument for measuring Bowen`s intrapsychic aspect of differentiation. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 32(2), 167-180.
Lohman, B. J., Kaura, S. A., & Newman, B. M. (2007). Matched or mismatched environments? The relationship of family and school differentiation to adolescents` psychosocial adjustment. Youth & Society, 39(1), 3-32.
Manzi, C., Vignoles, V. L., Regalia, C., & Scabini, E. (2006). Cohesion and enmeshment revisited: Differentiation, identity, and well-being in two European cultures. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68(3), 673-689.
Marcia, J. E. (1980). Identity in adolescence. In J.Andelson (Ed.), Handbook of adolescent psychology. New York: Wiley.
Monat, A., Lazarus, R. S., & Reevy, G. (2007). The Praeger handbook on stress and coping. Westport, Conn.: Praeger.
Murdock, N. L., & Gore, P. A. (2004). Stress, coping, and differentiation of self: A test of Bowen theory. Contemporary Family Therapy, 26(3), 319-335.
Naser, Y., Ozera, E., Fateme, B., Maryam, A.-S. F., Seyyed, A. A., & Kaumars, B. (2009). Structural relationships between self-differentiation and subjective wellbeing, mental health and marital quality "fitting Bowen`s theory". Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 3(2), 4-14.
Nichols, M. P. (2008). Family therapy: Concepts and methods (8th ed.). Boston: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.
O`Leary, A., Brown, S., & Suarez-Al-Adam, M. (1997). Stress and immune function. In T. W. Miller (Ed.), Clinical disorders and stressful life events (pp. 181-215). Madison, Conn.: International Universities Press.
Olver, R. R., Aries, E., & Batgos, J. (1989). Self-other differentiation and the mother-child relationship: The effects of sex and birth order. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 150(3), 311.
Peleg-Popko, O. (2002). Bowen theory: A study of differentiation of self, social anxiety, and physiological symptoms. Contemporary Family Therapy, 24(2), 355-369.
Peleg-Popko, O., & Dar, R. (2001). Marital quality, family patterns, and children`s fears and social anxiety. Contemporary Family Therapy, 23(4), 465-487.
Peleg, O. (2008). The relation between differentiation of self and marital satisfaction: What can be learned from married people over the course of life? American Journal of Family Therapy, 36(5), 388-401.
Peleg, O. R. A. (2005). The relation between differentiation and social anxiety: What can be learned from students and their parents? American Journal of Family Therapy, 33(2), 167-183.
Preacher, K. J., Curran, P. J., & Bauer, D. J. (2010). Simple intercepts, simple slopes, and regions of significance in MLR 2-way interactions. Retrieved from http://www.people.ku.edu/~preacher/interact/mlr2.htm
Rabkin, J. G. (1993). Stress and psychiatric disorders. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects (pp. 477-495). New York: Maxwell Macmillan Internationa.
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. magination, Cognition, and Personality, 9(3), 185-211.
Sapolsky, R. M. (1998). Why zebras don`t get ulcers. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co.
Sarason, I. G., Johnson, J. H., & Siegel, J. M. (1978). Assessing the impact of life changes: Development of the life experiences survey. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46(5), 932-946.
Selye, H. (1983). The stress concept: Past, present, and fucture. In C. L. Cooper (Ed.), Stress research : Issues for the eighties (pp. 1-20). New York: Wiley.
Selye, H. (1993). History of the stress concept. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects. New York: Maxwell Macmillan International.
Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2003). Adolescents` Emotion Regulation in Daily Life: Links to Depressive Symptoms and Problem Behavior. Child Development, 74(6), 1869-1880.
Skowron, E. A. (2000). The role of differentiation of self in marital adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(2), 229-237.
Skowron, E. A. (2004). Differentiation of self, personal adjustment, problem solving, and ethnic group belonging among persons of color. Journal of Counseling and Development, 82(4), 447.
Skowron, E. A., & Dendy, A. K. (2004). Differentiation of self and attachment in adulthood: Relational correlates of effortful control. Contemporary Family Therapy, 26(3), 337-357.
Skowron, E. A., & Platt, L. F. (2005). Differentiation of self and child abuse potential in young adulthood. Family Journal Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 13(3), 281-290.
Skowron, E. A., & Schmitt, T. A. (2003). Assessing interpersonal fusion: reliability and validity of a new DSI fusion with others subscale. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29(2), 209-222.
Skowron, E. A., Stanley, K., & Shapiro, M. (2009). A longitudinal perspective on differentiation of self, interpersonal and psychological well-being in young adulthood. Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 31(1), 3-18.
Skowron, E. A., Wester, S. R., & Azen, R. (2004). Differentiation of self mediates college stress and adjustment. Journal of Counseling and Development, 82(1), 69-78.
Suldo, S. M., Shaunessy, E., & Hardesty, R. (2008). Relationships among stress, coping, and mental health in high-achieving high school students. Psychology in the Schools, 45(4), 273-290.
Tuason, M. T., & Friedlander, M. L. (2000). Do Parents` Differentiation Levels Predict Those of Their Adult Children? And Other Tests of Bowen Theory in a Philippine Sample. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(1), 27-35.
Wei, M., Vogel, D. L., Ku, T., & Zakalik, R. A. (2005). Adult attachment, affect regulation, psychological distress, and interpersonal problems: The mediating role of emotional reactivity and emotional cutoff. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 14-24.
Young-Ju, C., & MacDermid, S. M. (1997). Perceptions of family differentiation, individuation, and self-esteem among Korean adolescents. Journal of Marriage & Family, 59(2), 451-462.
Zubin, J., & Spring, B. (1977). Vulnerability — A new view of schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 86, 103-126.
Zuckerman, D. M. (1989). Stress, self-esteem, and mental health: How does gender make a difference? Sex Roles, 20(7), 429-444. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
教育研究所
97152001
99 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097152001 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [教育學系] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 200101.pdf | 555Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 3563 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
