政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/59934
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  全文笔数/总笔数 : 113325/144300 (79%)
造访人次 : 51160981      在线人数 : 907
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
搜寻范围 查询小技巧:
  • 您可在西文检索词汇前后加上"双引号",以获取较精准的检索结果
  • 若欲以作者姓名搜寻,建议至进阶搜寻限定作者字段,可获得较完整数据
  • 进阶搜寻


    请使用永久网址来引用或连结此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/59934


    题名: 家長處理青少女未婚生子事件之探討
    A study of parents dealing with premarital birth to adolescent girls
    作者: 陳美磬
    Chen, Mei Ching
    贡献者: 謝美娥
    Hsieh, Mei O
    陳美磬
    Chen, Mei Ching
    关键词: 青少年
    青少年懷孕
    決策
    家長
    家庭壓力
    Adolescent
    Teenage pregnancy
    Decision-making
    Parents
    Family stress
    日期: 2011
    上传时间: 2013-09-04 09:46:57 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 青少女未婚懷孕的現象引起國內許多研究者的關注,有鑑於家長為懷孕青少女的重要他人,對於生育決策具有一定程度的影響力,本研究以家長的角度出發,採取質性研究方法針對家長如何處理青少女的未婚生子事件進行探討,透過本研究可瞭解:一、懷孕青少女的原生家庭樣貌以及親子關係;二、家長處理青少女未婚生子事件之考量、態度與方法;三、家長處理青少女未婚生子事件所發揮的功能和扮演的角色;四、青少女未婚生子事件對於家庭的影響。本研究使用立意抽樣,選取符合條件的家長進行訪問,樣本來源包含機構引薦以及透過友人介紹。
    依據研究目的,研究者與八位家長一對一進行深度訪談,研究結果如下:
    一、家長處理青少女未婚生子是做全面性的思考以及整合性的考量,主要考量含括四個層面:(一)青少女:發現時懷孕的週數、重視青少女的學業、衡量青少女撫養小孩的能力、受到青少女意願之影響;(二)家長:家長想終止懷孕的事實、家庭支持的有無和多寡;(三)男方:男方處理事件的態度、男方對於婚姻的看法;(四)社會:顧及社會觀感及眼光、順應社會期待。
    二、家長於事件主要扮演五個角色:協助決策者、法定代理者、資訊蒐集者、教育者、照顧者,每個角色執行該角色所應該發揮之功能。
    三、本研究主要從「懷孕階段」以及「留養階段」來瞭解事件對於家庭的影響,在「懷孕階段」家長因為一時無法接受而產生「情緒上的衝擊」,隨著孫子即將到來,也需面臨「角色的轉變」,未婚生子事件會牽動整個家庭,使得「家庭系統改變」,在「留養階段」,多數家庭面臨「經濟負擔沉重」、「家庭成員需協助承擔照顧責任」的議題。
    四、青少女的未婚生子事件可能造成家庭的壓力,本研究採用家庭壓力理論,並結合社會環境的觀點,瞭解家庭目前擁有的資源多寡以及對於事件的解讀,相互影響形成壓力程度,連結相關資源並裝備家庭能力以渡過壓力和危機。
    五、針對未婚生子青少女之家庭與家長的需求對實務工作、服務體系以及未來研究此三方面提出相關建議,做為未來實務工作、政策制定以及研究之參考。
    The phenomenon of premarital birth to adolescent girls has drawn a great attention from many researchers in Taiwan. Due to the parents play an important role for pregnant adolescent girls in terms of possessing a certain degree of influence over reproductive decision making, the study takes stance of parents’ perspective and employs qualitative research method to discuss how parents deal with the premarital birth to adolescent girls. We can understand the followings through this study: 1.The original family and the parent-child relationship of pregnant adolescent girls. 2. The concerns, attitudes and methods taken by parents when dealing with premarital birth to adolescent girls. 3. The function and role played by parents when dealing with premarital birth to adolescent girls. 4. The influence of premarital birth to adolescent girls on the family. The study employs purposive sampling to select eligible parents for interview. The source of samples comprises agency referrals and through introduction by friends.
    According to the research purpose, the researcher conducted one-to-one in-depth interview with eight parents. The study results are described in the follows:

    1. Parents deal with premarital birth to adolescent girls through a comprehensive thinking and integrated consideration, mainly taking into consideration of the following four dimensions: (1) Adolescent girls: number of pregnant weeks upon discovery, emphasis on the academics of adolescent girls, evaluation on the ability of adolescent girls raising the child, influence by the intention of adolescent girls. (2) Parents: parents wishing to terminate fact of pregnancy, availability and amount of family support. (3) Male: how male handle this incident, male views on marriage. (4) Society: taking into account the social perception and opinions, conforming to social expectations.

    2. Parents mainly play five roles in this incident: Assisting decision makers, statutory agent, information collector, educator, and caregivers. Each role should execute the supposed functions to be played by the role.

    3. The study mainly gets an insight on the influence of the incident on family through the “pregnancy stage” and the “baby raising stage.” At the “pregnancy stage, parents will face with “emotional impacts”, because they are temporarily unable to accept the fact. However, following the coming of their grandchildren, they also face with “changing roles.” The incident of premarital birth will affect the whole family, causing “family system to change” and most families face with issues such as “heavy economic burden” and “family members needing to assist with care-taking responsibilities” during the “baby raising stage.”

    4. The incidence of premarital birth to adolescent girls could cause pressure to family. The study adopts family pressure theory and combines with the views of social environment in order to understand the amount of resources owned by families and the interpretation to the incidents, affecting each other to form the degree of pressure and connecting relevant resources in order to equip the family with ability to get through the stress and crisis.

    5. The study has proposed relevant recommendations on the practical work, service system and future research in accordance with the requirements from families of adolescent girls with premarital birth and the parents. Such recommendations can be used as reference for future practice, policy making and research.
    參考文獻: 壹、中文部分
    內政部(2008)。《中華民國台閩地區人口統計》,台北。
    牛憶先(1999)。〈影響未成年懷孕母親生育後復學之家庭、經濟與社會規範因 素〉,《國立成功大學行為醫學研究所碩士論文》。
    王淑芬(2006)。〈從女性主義觀點看未成年懷孕女性性別角色發展歷程之研究〉,《東吳大學社會工作研究所碩士論文》。
    王強(2003)。《遮蔽的文明:性觀念與古中國文化》。台北:文津。
    史倩玲(2010)。〈未婚懷孕 東西部態度大不同〉,立報,02月08日。立報網頁 (http://www.lihpao.com/?action-viewnews-itemid-8125)。
    行政院青少年輔導委員會(2005)。《青少年政策白皮書》,台北。
    任麗華(2003)。〈未成年未婚媽媽問題與福利服務之探討〉,《社區發展季刊》,第101期,頁135-146。
    任麗華、傅凱祺(2006)。〈未婚懷孕少女生育之福利需求與政策內涵︰人文區位 的分析〉,《台大社工學刊》,第13期,頁41-108。
    江千代(1988)。〈二十歲以下生母社經特徵及其家庭計畫知識、態度及行為之研
    究〉,《人口學刊》,第11期,頁163-196。
    沈滿華(1997)。〈青少年未婚媽媽孕期生活經驗之探討〉,《國防醫學院護理學研究所碩士論文》。
    呂育凱(1998)。〈低齡孕婦不良生育結果之研究-配合懷孕週數,探討低出生體 重與妊娠低出生體重〉,《國立陽明大學公共衛生學系》。
    余琴芬(2004)。〈社會經濟指標與未成年生育率關係之生態研究〉,《國立成功大學公共衛生研究所碩士論文》。
    李佳佳(2001)。〈未成年母親的小孩在國小一、二年級智力、行為與學習成就表 現〉,《國立成功大學公共衛生研究所碩士論文》。
    李孟智(1998)。《青少女懷孕及其相關因素之研究》,台北:行政院衛生署。
    李愫平(1990)。〈青少年自尊與懷孕危機關係之研究─以台北縣市家事職業學校 學生為例〉,《中國文化大學生活應用科學研究所碩士論文》。
    李逢堅 、陳彥聿(2006)。〈青少女墮胎經驗之研究〉,《台灣性學學看》,第12 期第1卷,頁25-39。
    李德芬(2001)。《探討中學階段未婚懷孕少女之學校因應措施》。台北:教育部。
    李德芬、周才忠、林美珍、陳嘉鳳(2004)。〈青少女懷孕對其生理、心理社會之衝擊〉,《台灣性學學刊》,第10期第2卷,頁93-110。
    李德芬、林美珍(2008)。〈探討懷孕青少女對懷孕事件之經驗感受〉,《家庭教育與諮商學刊》,第5期,頁31-59。
    周月清譯,Boss P.原著(1994)。《家庭壓力管理》。台北:桂冠。
    周月清(2001)。《家庭社會工作 : 理論與方法》。台北:五南。
    周培萱(2001)。〈台北未婚媽媽之家青少女決定生育的經驗歷程〉,《國立陽明大學臨床護理研究所碩士論文》。
    吳欣玫(1997)。〈青少女對發生低出生體重及早產之危險性探討〉,《國立陽明大學公共衛生學系》。
    林惠生(2000)。〈未成年生育的趨勢、影響及對策〉,發表於「新世紀之婚姻、 生育與家庭問題與政策」研討會,台北:國立台灣大學。
    林惠生(2002)。《台灣地區高中、高職及五專在校學生性知識、性態度與危害健 康行為與網路之使用》,台中:行政院衛生署國民健康局人口與健康調查研究中心。
    林雅雯(2004)。〈懷孕少女生育決定歷程之探討〉,《台北大學社會工作研究所碩士論文》。
    林慧萍(2004)。〈未婚青少女出養子女的經驗歷程〉,《暨南國際大學社會政策與社會工作學系碩士論文》。
    胡幼慧(2008)。《質性硏究 : 理論.方法及本土女性硏究實例》。台北:巨流。
    晏涵文(2004)。《性、兩性關係與性教育》。台北:心理。
    莊慧秋(1996)。《中國人的婚戀觀—允諾與嫁娶》。台北:張老師。
    莊淑靜(2007)。〈中學教師處理青少年懷孕事件之探討〉,《高雄師範大學性別教育研究所碩士論文》。
    張乃千(2006)。〈高雄地區非預期懷孕少女生育中求助經驗之探討〉,《國立高雄師範大學性別教育研究所碩士論文》。
    張四明(1999)。〈美國社會福利改革的發展經驗與啟示〉,《社區建設季刊》,100期,頁39-55。
    張宏哲、林哲立譯,Ashford, J. B., C. W., Lecroy and K. L., Lortie 原著(2007)。《人類行為與社會環境(二版)》。台北:雙葉。
    張慈桂、李燕鳴(2005)。〈花蓮地區青少女懷孕之家庭因素探討〉,《台灣衛誌》,第24期第5卷,頁411-419。
    孫惠玲(1999)。〈一位未婚懷孕少女於懷孕至產後初期的生活經驗〉,《國立台灣大學護理學研究所碩士論文》。
    黃子慧(2008)。〈未成年青少女生育後對結婚、出養、就學之決策歷程─以充權 觀點探討〉,《長榮大學社會工作研究所碩士論文》。
    黃迺毓(1998)。《家庭概論》。台北:國立空中大學。
    陳玉梅(1998)。〈台灣省早婚生育婦女生活壓力與學習需求相關因素之研究〉,《中正大學成人及繼續教育研究所碩士論文》。
    陳向明(2004)。《社會科學質的研究》。台北:五南。
    陳莉莉、陳信昭(2006)。〈青少女懷孕生育問題之探討〉,《諮商與輔導》,第 243期,頁38-44。
    陳淑音、葉莉莉(2001)。〈青少年懷孕問題及相關影響因素〉,《護理雜誌》,第48期第2卷,頁75—80。
    陳慧女(2001)。〈青少年未婚懷孕問題及輔導策略〉,《諮商與輔導》,第182期,頁11-15。
    郭靜晃(2004)。《兒童少年社會工作》。台北:揚智。
    馮容莊(1991)。〈正視青少年懷孕問題〉,《榮總護理》,第8期,頁291-297。
    彭淑華(2002)。《建構單親家庭支持系統》。內政部委託研究報告。
    彭懷真(1996)。《婚姻與家庭》。台北:巨流。
    楊美惠(1998)。〈未婚青少年作人工流產的生活經驗之探討〉,《國防醫學院護理研究所碩士論文》。
    潘淑滿(2009)。《質性硏究 : 理論與應用》。台北:心理。
    蔡梓鑫(1999)。〈青少女之生育結果及育兒狀況研究〉,《中山醫學院醫學研究所碩士論文》。
    鄭思禮(1996)。《中國性文化:一個千年不解之結》。台北:書林。
    鄭惠娟(2002)。〈未婚懷孕青少年進入婚姻的生活經驗〉,《國立台灣大學社會學研究所》。
    鄭雅云(2010)。〈成年未婚媽媽婚姻與生育之抉擇〉,《國立政治大學社會工作研究所》。
    廖格培(2004)。〈彰化地區未成年母親婚姻品質與教養行為之相關研究〉,《國立嘉義大學家庭教育研究所碩士論文》。
    劉玉玲(2005)。《青少年發展—危機與轉機》。台北:揚智。
    劉秀娟(1999)。《兩性教育》。台北:揚智。
    薛承泰(2000)。〈遲婚的趨勢、影響與因應對策〉,發表於「新世紀之婚姻、生 育與家庭問題與政策」研討會,台北:國立台灣大學。
    謝秀芬(2005)。《家庭社會工作 : 理論與實務》。台北:雙葉。
    簡春安、鄒平儀(2004)。《社會工作硏究法》。台北:巨流。
    闕漢中譯,Allen-Meares, P.原著(1999)。《兒童青少年社會工作》。台北:洪葉。
    勵馨基金會社工部(2002)。〈青少年未婚懷孕家長態度調查結果報告〉,《兩性平等教育季刊》,第20期,頁45-47。

    貳、英文部分
    Adamczyk, A. and J. Felson (2008) .‘Fetal Positions: Unraveling the Influence of Religion on Premarital Pregnancy Resolution’, Social Science Quarterly, 89(1): 17-38.
    Apfel, N.C. and V. Seitz (1991). ‘Four Model of Adolescent Mother-GrandmotherRelationship in Black Inner-City Families’, Family Relations, 40 : 421-429.
    Arai, L. (2009). Teenage Pregancy : The Making and Unmaking of a Problem. UK : University of Bristol.
    Barnett, J. K. , D.R. Papini, & E. Gbur (1991).‘Familial Correlates of Sexually Active Pregnant and Nonpregnant Adolescents’, Adolescence, 26(102) : 457-472.
    Barnett, M.A. (2008). ‘Mother and Grandmother Parenting in Low-Income Three-Generation Rural Households’, Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(5) : 1241-1257.
    Brazzell,J.A. and A.C. ,Acock (1988). ‘Influence of Attitudes, Significant Others, and Aspirations on How Adolescents Intend to Resolve a Premarital Pregnancy’, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50 : 413-425.
    Baydar, N. and J. Brooks-Gunn (1991).‘Effects of Maternal Employment and Child-Care Arrangements on Preschoolers Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes: Evidence from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth’, Developmental Psychology, 27(6): 932-945.
    Bear, J.(1999). ‘The Effects of Family Structure and SES on Family Processes in Early Adolescence’, Journal of Adolescence, 22 : 341-354.
    Benson, M. J. (2004). ‘After the Adolescent Pregnancy: Parents, Teens and Families’, Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 21(5) : 435-455.
    Boss, P. (2002). Family Stress Management : A Contextual Approach(2nd ed),Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage Publications.
    Burton, L. & V. Bengtson (1985).‘Black Grandmothers︰Issues of Timing and Continuity of Roles’, in V. L. Bengtson and J. F. Robertson (eds) , Grandparenthood, pp. 61-78. Newbuy Park, CA︰Sage.
    Burton, L.M. (1996). ‘Age Norms, the Timing of Family Role Transitions, and Intergenerational Care giving Among Aging African American Women’, The Gerontologist, 36(2):199-208.
    Byers, A.(2000). Teens and Pregnancy : A Hot Issue. U.S.A.: Enslow Publishers.
    Cevera, N.(1994).’Family Change During an Unwed Teenage Pregnancy’, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 23(1) : 119-140.
    Chase-Lansdale, P.L., J., Brooks-Gunn and R.L., Paikoff (1991).‘Research and Programs for Adolescent Mothers︰Missing Links and Future Promises’, Family Relations, 40 : 396-430.
    Christopher, F.S.(1995).‘Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention’, Family Relations, 44(4) : 384-391.
    Coley,R.L. and P.L. Chase-Lansdal (1998).‘Adolescent Pregnancy and Parenthood’, American Psychologist, 53 : 152-166.
    Cooksey, E.C. (1990). ‘Factors in the Resolution of Adolescent Premarital Pregnancies’, Demography, 27(2): 207-218.
    Corcoran, J., C. Franklin and P. Bennett (2000), ‘Ecological Factors Associated with Adolescent Pregnancy and Parenting’, Social Work Research, 24(1) : 29-39.
    Corcoran, J. (2001). ‘Multi-Systemic Influences on the Family Functioning of Teens Attending Pregnancy Prevention Programs’, Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal, 18(1) : 37-49.
    Crossen-Tower, C.(2007). Exploring Child Welfare: A Practice Perspective (4thed).Boston : Allyn and Bacon.
    Custer, M.(1993). ‘Adoption as an Option for Unmarried Pregnant Teens’, Adolescence, 28(112) : 891-902.
    Dallas, C.(2004). ‘Family Matters: How Mothers of Adolescent Parents Experience Adolescent Pregnancy and Parenting’, Public Health Nursing, 21(4) : 347-353.
    East, P.L. (1999).‘The First Teenage Pregnancy in the Family: Does it Affect Mothers` Parenting, Attitudes, or Mother-Adolescent Communication?’, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61(2) : 306-319.
    East, P.L. and L.J. Jacobson (2001).‘The Younger Siblings of Teen Mother︰A Follow-up of Pregnancy Risk’, Developmental Psychology, 37(2) : 254-264.
    East, P.L., B.T. Reyes and E.J. Horn (2007). ‘Association Between Adolescent Pregnancy and a Family History of Teenage Births’, Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 39(2) : 108-115.
    Farber, N.B.(1991).‘The Process of Pregnancy Resolution among Adolescent Mothers’, Adolescence, 26(103) : 697-716.
    Feldman, S.S. and D.A. Rosenthal (2000).‘The Effect of Communication Characteristics on Family Members’ Perceptions of Parents as Sex Educators’, Journal of Research on Adolescence, 10(2) : 119-150.
    Furstenberg, F.F. (1980).‘Burdens and Benefits : The Impact of Early Childbearing on Family’, Journal of Social Issues, 36(1) : 64-87.
    Geber, G. and M.D. Resnick (1988). ‘Family Function of Adolescents Who Parent and Place for Adoption’, Adolescence, 23(90) : 417-429.
    Gillham, B. (1997). The facts about teenage pregnancies. London: Cassell.
    Guijarro, S., J. Naranjo , M. Padilla , R. Gutierez , C. Lammers & R. Blum (1999). Family Risk Factors Associated with Adolescent Pregnancy: Study of a Group of Adolescent Girls and Their Families in Ecuador’, Journal of Adolescent Health, 25: 166-172.
    Jaccard, J., T. Dodge & P. Dittus (2002).‘Parent-Adolescent Communication about Sex and Birth Control: A Conceptual Framework’, New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 97 : 9-42.
    Klein, J.D.(2005).‘Adolescent Pregnancy : Current Trends and Issues’, Pediatrics, 116(1) : 281-286.
    Landy, S., J. Schubert, J. F. Cleland, C. Clark and J.S. Montgomery(1983).‘Teenage Pregnancy : Family Syndrome?’, Adolescence, 18(71) : 679-694.
    Landy, S. and R. Menna, (2006). ‘An Integrative Theoretical Framework for Early Intervention with Multi-Risk Families’, Early intervention with multi-risk families: An integrative approach, Chap 3, Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
    Meade, C.S. and T.C. Kershaw(2008). ‘The Intergenerational Cycle of Teenage Motherhood : An Ecological Approach’, Health Psychology, 27(4) : 419–429.
    Miller, B.C. (2002). ‘Family Influences on Adolescent Sexual and Contraceptive Behavior’, The Journal of Sex Research, 39(1) : 22-26.
    Miller, B.C., B. Benson and K.A. Galbraith(2001). ‘Family Relationships and Adolescent Pregnancy Risk: A Research Synthesis’, Developmental Review , 21 :1–38.
    Moore, N.B. and J.K. Davidson (2002) ‘A Profile of Adoption Placers: Perceptions of Pregnant Teens During the Decision-Making Process’, Adoption Quarterly, 6(2): 29-42.
    Namerow, P.B., D.S. ,Kalmuss and L.F., Cushman (1993). ‘The Determinants of Young Women’s Pregnancy-Resolution Choices’, Journal of Research on Adolescence, 3(2) : 193-215.
    Oberlander, S.E., F. M. Shebl, L. S. Madger and M. M. Black (2009). ‘Adolescent Mothers Leaving Multigenerational Households’, Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 38(1): 62-74.
    Oz, S. and M. Fine (1988). ‘A Comparison of Childhood Backgrounds of Teenage Mothers and Their Non-Mother Peers : A New Formulation’, Journal of Adolescence, 11(3) : 251-261.
    Oz, S. and M. Fine, (1991). ‘Family Relationship Patterns: Perceptions of Teenage Mothers and Their Non-Mother Peers’, Journal of Adolescence, 14(3) : 293-304.
    Padgett, D. K.(1998). Qualitative Methods in Social Work Research : Challenges and Rewards. Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage Publications.
    Ralph,N., T. Lochman and T. Thomas(1984).‘ Psychosocial Characteristics of Pregnant and Nulliparous Adolescents’, Adolescence, 19(74): 283-294.
    Rapp-Paglicci, L.A., C.N. Dulmus and J.S. Wodarski (2004). Handbook of Preventive Interventions for Children and Adolescents. New Jersey : John Wiley.
    Resnick, M.D. (1992). ‘Adolescent Pregnancy Options’, Journal of School Health, 62(7):298-303
    Robbins, C., H.B. Kaplan and S.S. Martin (1985).‘Antecedents of Pregnancy among Unmarried Adolescents’, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47(3) : 567-583.
    Rodriquez, C. Jr. , N. B. Moore (1995).‘Perceptions of Pregnant/Parenting Teens:Reframing Issues for an Integrated Approach to Pregnancy Problems’, Adolescence, 30(119) : 685-704.
    Rosen, R.H. (1980). ‘Adolescent pregnancy decision making:Are parents Important?’, Adolescence, 15(57) : 43-54.
    Rosen, R. H., T. Benson and J.M. Stack (1982).‘Help or Hindrance :Parental Impact on Pregnant Teenagers Resolution Decisions’, Family Relations, 31 : 271-280.
    Schofield, G. (1994). The Youngest Mothers. Egland : Avebury.
    Santelli, J.S, J. Amba, S. Ventura, L. Lindberg, B. Morrow, J.E. Anderson, S. Lyss, B.E. Hamilton (2004). ‘Can Changes in Sexual Behaviorsamong High School Students Explain the Decline in Teen PregnancyRates in the 1900s?’Journal of Adolescent Health, 35:80–90.
    SmithBattle, L. (1996). ‘Intergenerational Ethics of Caring for Adolescent Mothers and Their Children’, Family Relations, 45 : 56–64.
    Theodore, J. (1988) ‘The Social and Economic Correlates of Pregnancy Resolution among Adolescents in New York City, by Race and Ethnicity: A Multivariate Analysis’, American Journal of Public Health, 78(6):626-631.
    Unger, D.G. and L.P.Wandersman (1988).’The Relation of Family and Partner Support to the Adjustment of Adolescent Mothers’, Child Development, 59: 1056-1060.
    Warren, K.C. and R.W. Johnson(1989). ‘Family Environment, Affect,Ambivalence and Decisions about Unplanned Adolescent Pregnancy’, Adolescence, 24(95) : 505-522.
    Wei-Que,L.V. and I. Chi (2008).‘Measuring Grandparenthood Stress and Reward︰Developing a Scale Based on Perceptions by Grandparents with Adolescent Grandchildren in Hong Kong’, Japan Geriatrics Society, 8 : 291-299.
    Young, A.T., B. Berkman and H.Rehr (1975) ‘Parental Influence on Pregnant Adolescents’, Social Work, 20(5): 387-391.
    Young, T., J. Turner , G. Denny and M. Young (2004). ‘Examining External and Internal Poverty as Antecedents of Teen Pregnancy’, American Journal of Health Behavior, 28(4) : 361-373.
    Zimmerman,S.L.(1995).‘Symbolic Interaction, Family Stress Theory, ConflictTheory, Feminist and Cultural Theories’, Understanding family policy︰Theoretical approaches, Chap 10. Beverly Hills︰Sage Pub.
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    社會工作研究所
    97264011
    100
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097264011
    数据类型: thesis
    显示于类别:[社會工作研究所] 學位論文

    文件中的档案:

    档案 大小格式浏览次数
    401101.pdf999KbAdobe PDF25379检视/开启


    在政大典藏中所有的数据项都受到原著作权保护.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏,無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用,惟仍請適度,合理使用本網站之內容,以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用,則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作,已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益,如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者,請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw),維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - 回馈