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    題名: 行動寬頻技術標準及授權法律分析
    Standard setting and license issues in the wireless industry
    作者: 沈佩霖
    貢獻者: 馮震宇
    沈佩霖
    關鍵詞: 標準
    行動寬頻
    授權
    LTE
    WiMAX
    通訊
    日期: 2010
    上傳時間: 2013-09-03 17:12:53 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 行動寬頻技術在21世紀這個人手一機的今日,為一非常重要且背後蘊藏龐大商業利益的產業。正因此等商機,使得行動寬頻技術標準,自2G、3G直到今日即將進入4G以來,始終存在複雜的授權糾紛,包括關鍵技術的認定、合理權利金費率的訂定,以至可能引發之競爭法規範問題,在在都顯示出此產業對人類社會的影響,以及業者、國家對此領域所投注之高度關注。

    本論文以2G以來,各個通訊世代所生之授權紛爭為例,分析通訊標準制訂過程將會面臨的問題。並在最後檢視我國通訊產業之結構,就此特性來分析我國通訊業者之優勢與列勢。在行動通訊產業這種具有高度「贏者全拿(Winner takes all)」的領域中,我國業者究竟應如何在此種高度競爭的領域中生存,進而與國際接軌,當為我國政府與通訊業者須認真思考之議題。
    參考文獻: 一、中文文獻(依作者姓名筆畫排序)
    (一)教課書與專書
    1. 林洲富,《專利法》,五南出版社,2009年9月初版2刷。
    2. 吳善同、黃怡娟、鍾曉君、李建勳、蔡華展、陳釧瑤,《3G/WiFi/WiMAX之創新應用服務研究》,經濟部出版,2008年。
    3. 東名,《行動通訊發展》,松崗文魁出版社,2001年5月。
    4. 財訊出版社編輯部,《IT零組件關鍵報告》,2006年4月。
    5. 財信出版社編輯部,《行動通訊大商機》,2008年6月。
    6. 財信出版社編輯部,《IC設計投資地圖》,初版,2009年7月。
    7. 張維志、黃培雯、謝明穎,《行動電話用之電子零組件趨勢》,2000年12月。
    8. 張士江、朱士均、張雲勇、劉韵傑等編著,《3G第三代行動通信網路技術》,2006年3月。
    9. 蔡明介口述/林宏文、李書齊採訪整理,《競爭力的探求》,財訊出版社,2008年3月。
    (二)學位論文
    1. 林英杰,《台灣與全球WiMAX及LTE發展策略分析,逢甲大學國際經營管理碩士學程之碩士論文》,2010。
    2. 何家怡,《台灣下一代行動通訊產業發展策略暨專利技術探討》,台灣大學碩士論文,2007年。
    3. 林學廷,《產業標準化過程之研究—以無線通訊系統為例》,台灣大學國際企業研究所碩士論文,2000年。
    4. 涂旭志,《3G的技術標準與專利聯盟》,政治大學智慧財產研究所碩士論文,2006年。
    5. 張淑貞,《手機產業併購活動中之智財整併-以明基整併西門子手機事業為例》,政治大學智慧財產研究所碩士論文,2005年。
    (三)期刊論文
    1. 陳世杰,〈智財法院審理特色對專利品質的衝擊及其對策〉,玉山科技月刊第96期,2009年11月號。
    2. 葉鼎煜,〈新興IP市場初探〉,科技法律透析,2008年6月。
    3. 楊長峰,〈國際技術標準與相關專利授權實務〉,全國律師1月號。
    (四)資策會研究報告
    1. 吳善同,〈匍匐前進-評MediaTek併購ADI通訊部門〉,2010年。
    2. 參見林柏齊 朱南勳 鐘曉君 湯少華 曾瀚葦 張奇,〈2010年下半年台灣通訊產業發展前瞻〉,2010年。
    3. 施雅茹,〈全球可攜式產品市場與關鍵IC分析〉,2010年。
    4. 陳冠名,〈台灣行動通訊晶片廠商發展動態〉,2010年。
    5. 湯少華 林柏齊 朱南勳 鐘曉君 曾瀚葦 李建勳 張奇,〈2010台灣通訊產業回顧與前瞻〉,2010年。
    6. 陳釧瑤,〈技術世代交替下中國大陸行動電話產業變遷〉,2009年。
    7. 陳釧瑤、林柏齊、張家維,〈評高通與聯發科技之3G協議對行動電話產業之影響〉,2009年。
    8. 張家維,〈2009年第四季中國大陸行動電話產業產銷暨重要趨勢分析〉,2009年。
    9. 張家維,〈囂煙再起-評MTK經營應用軟體平台之策略思維〉,2010年。
    10. 陳釧瑤,〈2009年第四季全球行動電話產業產銷暨重要趨勢分析〉,2009年12月。
    11. 黃淑芬,〈2010年台灣行動電話市場關鍵議題分析〉,2010年。
    12. 蘇永生,〈Inside Out-從Nokia晶片策略評析全球行動電話晶片產業新競局〉,2010年。
    13. 行動通訊中國大陸研究團隊,〈大唐電信集團之TD-SCDMA事業發展現況分析〉,2005年10月。
    (五)網路文章
    1. 技術在線,〈TD-LTE不僅在中國,還將擴展至全世界〉,2010/8/19 http://big5.nikkeibp.com.cn/news/mobi/52807-20100816.html。
    2. 技術在線,〈英特爾的LTE晶片配備於iphone之日〉,2010/9/7,http://big5.nikkeibp.com.cn/news/mobi/53068-20100906.html。
    3. 郭文興,〈LTE與WiMAX鹿死誰手〉,ZDNet網站資料,2009/07/06,http://www.zdnet.com.tw/enterprise/technology/0,2000085680,20139349-1,00.htm。
    4. 陳清文,〈上肥下瘦的手機零組件產業〉,拓樸產業研究所焦點報告,2004/1/12, http://203.66.161.5/document/mic_digi/Topology/report_topology/Investment/040612mb.pdf。
    5. 陳逸萍,〈LTE發展現狀〉,經濟部通訊產業發展推動小組網站資料,http://www.communications.org.tw/upfiles/LTE發展現況.pdf。
    6. 電子工程專輯,〈兩大標準邁向整合 LTE-WiMAX多模方案指日可待〉,2008/08/06,http://www.eettaiwan.com/ART_8800538064_617723_NT_6c498b21.HTM。
    7. 工業技術研究院,〈軟體為王?談手機軟體開發在價值鏈中的五種變化模式與趨勢〉 ,2009/11/20, http://www.itri.org.tw/chi/news/detail.asp?RootNodeId=060&NodeId=061&NewsID=379。
    8. 劉麗惠,行動通訊系統的技術演進史,台灣電機電子工業同業公會,http://www.teema.org.tw/publish/moreinfo.asp?autono=2563。
    9. 魏伊伶,WiMAX關鍵零組件分析,工研院IEK產業報告,2010年1月4日,http://www.itis.org.tw/rptDetailFreeEPaper.screen?loginState=1&industry=1&ctgy=5&rptidno=65618483。
    10.政治大學智慧財產權研究所網站,http://iip.nccu.edu.tw/iip/NEW-iip/page/review/review4-2.htm。
    (六)其他
    1. TD-SCDMA官方網站,http://www.tdscdma-alliance.org/。
    2. 全球一動官方網站,http://www.g1.com.tw/Globalmobile/about.html。
    3. 聯發科網站,2010/7/27,http://www.mediatek.com/tw/news/info.php?sn=45。
    4. 2009資訊工業年鑑編纂小組,《2009資訊工業年鑑》,經濟部出版,2009年。
    5. 李蕭然,<CDMA領域高通不再獨大 威盛崛起讓霸主膽寒>,通信世界週刊,綜合版,2009/06/15。
    6. 林宏文,<英特爾表態不玩 台灣自謀生路 網通業在回教世界找到新出海口>,今週刊,2010/11/8。
    7. 徐仁全,<WiMAX元年 目標瞄準設備輸出大國>,遠見雜誌,第76期,2010/02/01。
    8. 謝富旭、林宏文,<2010年智慧型手機成長大爆發 股王爭霸 蔡明介、王雪紅的關鍵戰役>,今週刊,第693期。
    9. 藍浩益,無線通訊IP權利金與日俱增 專利布局攸關企業存亡,新通訊 ,趨勢眺望雜誌,2006 年 9 月號 67 期。
    10. 經濟部投資業務處研究報告,<WiMAX產業分析及投資機會>,97年2月。
    二、英文文獻(依作者姓名之英文字母順序排序)
    (一)專書
    1. Bruce Berman, Turning a Patent Portfolio into a Profit Center, in Making Innovation Pay- People Who turn IP into Shareholder Value, John Wiley & Sons Inc (2006).
    2. Carl Shapiro & Hal R. Varian, Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy, Harvard Business Press 1st Edition (1999).
    3. DAVE MOCK, The Qualcomm Equation: How a Fledgling Telecom Company Forged a New Path to Big Profits and Market, American Management Association (2005).
    4. Goldstein, Larry M. & Kearsey, Brian N., Technology Patent Licensing: An International Reference on 21st Centry Patent Licensing, Patent Pools and Patent Platforms (Aspatore Books) (2004).
    5. Ikka Rahnasto, Intellectual Property, External Effects and Anti-trust Law: Leveraging IPRs in the Communication Industry, Oxford University Press, USA (April 10, 2003).
    6. Ove Grandstrand, The economics and management of intellectual property: towards intellectual capitalism, Edwar Edgar, Cheltenham, UK, Northhampton, MA, USA (1999).
    (二)期刊論文
    7. Adam D. Kline, ANY GIVEN FORUM: A PROPOSED SOLUTION TO THE INEQUITABLE ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE THAT ARISES WHEN NON-PRACTICING PATENT HOLDING ORGANIZATIONS PREDETERMINE FORUM, 48 IDEA 247 (2008).
    8. Amy L. Landers, Working Together in a Digital World: An Introduction: Article: Liquid Patents, 84 Denv. U.L. Rev. 199 (2006).
    9. Adam Hemlock & Jennifer Wu, U.S. ANTITRUST IMPLICATIONS OF PATENT LICENSING, 52-JUN FEDR. LAW 39 (2005).
    10. Damien Geradin, Anne Layne-Farrar, & A. Jorge Padilla, THE COMPLEMENTS PROBLEM WITHIN STANDARD SETTING: ASSESSING THE EVIDENCE ON ROYALTY STACKING, 14 B.U. J. SCI. & TECH. L. 144 (2008).
    11. Daniel Swanson & William Baumol, Control of Market Power, 73 Antitrust L.J. 1 (2005).
    12. Eric Stasik, Royalty Rate And Licensing Strategies For Essential Patents On LTE (4G) Telecommunication Standards, Licensing Executives Society International Les Nouvelles journal, September 2010.
    13. Garrett James Hardin, The Tragedy of commons, 162 Science 1243 (2007).
    14. J Farrell et al., Standard Setting, Patents, and Hold-up, 74 Antitrust Law Journal 603 (2007).
    15. James F. McDonough III, THE MYTH OF THE PATENT TROLL: AN ALTERNATIVE VIEW OF THE FUNCTION OF PATENT DEALERS IN AN IDEA ECONOMY, 56 EMORYLJ 189 (2006).
    16. Joel M. Wallace, Antitrust: Note: Rambus v. F.T.C. in the Context of Standard-Setting Organizations, Antitrust, and the Patent Hold-up Problem, 24 Berkeley Tech. L.J. 661 (2009).
    17. Joseph Scott Miller, Standard Setting, Patent, and Access Lock-In: RAND Licensing and the theory of the Firm, 40 IND L. REV. 351 (2007).
    18. Joseph Farell, John Hayes, Carl Shapiro, and Theresa Sullivan, Standard Setting, Patents, and Hold-Up, 74 Antitrust Law Journal No.3, December 1, 2007.
    19. Katherine Strandburg, Lisa M. Ferri, John M. Griem, Jr.,& Jonathan Putnam, Symposium: Panel I: Cross-Licensing and Injunctions - the Interplay Between Big Business, Small Business, and Non-Practicing Inventors, 19 Fordham Intell. Prop. Media & Ent. L.J. 925 (2009).
    20. Makoto Kijima & Tsuyoshi Takeda, 3G Patent Platform, NTT DoCoMo Technical Journal Vol.5 No.1, 72.
    21. Mark A. Lemley, Intellectual Property Rights and Standard-Setting Organizations, 90 cal. L. Rev. 1889 (2002).
    22. MA Lemley & C Shapiro, Probabilistic Patents, J. Econ. Persp. 75 (2005).
    23. Mark A. Lemley & Carl Shapiro, SYMPOSIUM: Frontiers of Intellectual Property: Patent Holdup and Royalty Stacking, 85 Tex. L. Rev. 1991 (2007).
    24. Mark R. Patterson, Inventions, Industry Standards, and Intellectual Property, 17 Berkeley Tech. L.J. 1043, 1053 (2002).
    25. Michael A. Heller, The Tragedy of the Anticommons: Property in the transition from Marx to Markets, 111 Harv. L. Rev. 621 (1998).
    26. Michael G. Cowie & Joseph P. Lavelle, Patents Covering Industry Standards: The Risks to Enforceability Due to Conduct Before Standard-Setting Organizations, 30 AIPLA Q.J. 95 (2002).
    27. Peter N. Detkin, LEVELING THE PATENT PLAYING FIELD, 6 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 636 (2007).
    28. Raj Bawa & MS, PhD, FAAN, NANOTECHNOLOGY PATENT PROLIFERATION AND THE CRISIS AT THE U.S. PATENT OFFICE, 17 Alb. L.J. Sci. & Tech. 699 (2007).
    29. Robert P. Merges & Jeffrey M. Kuhn, An Estoppel Doctrine for Patented Standards, 97 Calif. L. Rev. 1 (2009).
    30. Rudi Bekkers, Bart Verspagen, Jan Smits, Intellectual property rights and standardization: the case of GSM, Telecommunications Policy, Vol. 26, 2002, No. 3.
    31. Shubha Ghosh, DECODING AND RECODING NATURAL MONOPOLY, DEREGULATION, AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, 2008 U. Ill. L. Rev. 1125 (2008).
    32. Stuart J.H. Graham & Ted Sichelman, Symposium: Intellectual Property and Entrepreneurship: Article: Why Do Start-Ups Patent?, 23 Berkeley Tech. L.J. 1063 (2008).
    33. Thomas F. Cotter, Invention, Creation, & Public Policy Symposium: Innovation & Competition Policy: Patent Holdup, Patent Remedies, and Antitrust Responses, 34 Iowa J. Corp. L. 1151 (2009).
    34. Todd Zubler, Nina Tallon, Jamie Wisz, Jamaica Szeliga, Greg Lantier, Kevin Heffel, Carolyn Chachkin, Ronnie Lin, Christopher Straw, Evandro Carvalho,& Joyce Chen, A REVIEW OF RECENT DECISIONS OF THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT:AREA SUMMARY: 2008 PATENT LAW DECISIONS OF THE FEDERAL CIRCUIT, 58 Am. U.L. Rev. 747 (2009).
    (三)研究報告
    1. Anne Layne-Farrar, Be My FRAND: Standard Setting and Fair, Reasonable and Non-discriminatory Terms, Working Paper, March 30, 2010, available at: http://www.aipla.org/learningcenter/library/papers/SM/2010-Spring-Meeting-Speaker-Materials/Documents/ED_2010_SM_Layne-Farrar_PPR.pdf.
    2. Fairfield Resources International, Inc., Review of Patents Declared as Essential to LTE and SAE (4G Wireless Standards) Though June 30, 2009, January 6, 2010, http://www.frlicense.com/recent.html.
    (四)網路文章
    1. Andy Updegrove, Delaware Court is Asked to Define &quot;FRAND&quot; — and Another Reason to call for Ex Ante,(Aug. 13, 2006), http://www.consortiuminfo.org/standardsblog/article.php?story=20060813123034215.
    2. Audrey Selian, Lara Srivastava,& Ben Petrazzini, 3G MOBILE POLICY:THE CASE OF SWEDEN:FROM GSM TO IMT-2000 -A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS, available at http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/ni/3G/casestudies/sweden/Sweden_fin3.pdf.
    3. Brooks, Roger G and Geradin, Damien, Taking Contracts Seriously: The Meaning of the Voluntary Commitment to License Essential Patents on `Fair and Reasonable` Terms, March 12, 2010, available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1569498.
    4. Carl Shapiro, Navigating the patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools, and Standard Setting, 1 INNOVATION POL’Y AND THE ECON. 119 (Adam B. Jaffe et al. eds.,2001), available at http://haas.berkeley.edu/~shapiro/thicket.pdf.
    5. David J. Goodman & Robert A. Myers, 3G Cellular Standards and Patents, in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Wireless Networks, Communications and Mobile Computing 2, (2005), http://eeweb.poly.edu/dgoodman/wirelesscom2005.pdf.
    6. Donald L. Martin & Carl De Mayer, Patent Counting, a Misleading Index of Patent Value: A Critique of Goodman & Myers and its Uses, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=949439 (2006).
    7. EETimes.com – AMD jumps into fables chip company ranking, 01/19/2010, http://www.eetimes.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=222301386.
    8. Geradin, Damien and Rato, Miguel P.L., Can Standard-Setting Lead to Exploitative Abuse? A Dissonant View on Patent Hold-Up, Royalty Stacking and the Meaning of FRAND, (April 2006), available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=946792.
    9. Herbert J. Hovenkamp, Patent Continuations, Patent Deception, and Standard Setting: the Rambus and Broadcom decisions, University of Iowa Legal Studies Research Paper, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1138002 (2008).
    10. Heller, Michael A.; Eisenberg, Rebecca S., Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in Biomedical Research, Science, New Series, Vol. 280, 1998, No. 5364, available at http://statgen.ncsu.edu/~dahlia/journalclub/F01/science698.pdf.
    11. IEEE, A Brief History of the IEEE, http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/history/index.html.
    12. Joseph Farrell, John Hayes, Carl Shapiro & Theresa Sullivan, Standard Setting, Patents, and Hold-Up, 74 Antitrust L. J. 603, (2007), available at http://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/shapiro/standards2007.pdf.
    13. Lynnette, Three Firms Battle For LTE Patent Pool, http://www.fiercewireless.com/story/lte-patent-pool-efforts-heat/2010-02-08.
    14. Martin, Donald L., Patent Counting, a Misleading Index of Patent Value: A Critique of Goodman & Myers and its Uses, December 4, 2006, available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=949439.
    15. Rudi Bekkers, Geert Duysters and Bart Verspagen, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS, STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY AGREEMENTS AND MARKET STRUCTURE. THE CASE OF GSM, Working Paper, June 2000, available at http://www.duysters.com/downloads%20academic/gsm-1.pdf.
    16. Stephen Lawson, LTE Patent Pools Taking Shape, http://www.itworld.com/personal-tech/108425/lte-patent-pools-taking-shape?page=0,0.
    17. Tobias Kaufmann, Intellectual Property in Broadband Mobile Telecommunications: Predictions on 4G WiMAX, Licensing Executives Society, available at http://www.bepress.com/ndsip/papers/.
    18. Ziedonis, Rosemarie Ham, Don`t Fence Me In: Fragmented Markets for Technology and the Patent Acquisition Strategies of Firms, (October 2003), available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=475601 or doi:10.2139/ssrn.475601.
    (五)美國司法部門資料
    1. Letter from Joel I. Klein, Assistant Att`y Gen., Antitrust Div., Dep`t of Justice, to Carey R. Ramos, Esq., Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison (June 10, 1999), available at http:// www.usdoj.gov/atr/public/busreview/2485.pdf.
    2. Letter from Joel I. Klein, Acting Assistant Attorney General, Antitrust Division, Department of Justice, to Garrard R. Beeney, Esq. (Dec. 16, 1998), available at http://www.usdoj.gov/atr/public/busreview/2121.htm.
    3. MPEG Pool Letter, available at http://www.usdoj.gov/atr/public/busreview/215742.htm.
    4. Business Review Letter from Charles A. James, Assistant Att’y Gen., U.S. Dep’t Of Justice, to Ky P. Ewing, Esq. (November 12, 2002), available at http://www.justice.gov/atr/public/busreview/200455.pdf.
    (六)其他
    1. 3GPP, About 3GPP, http://www.3gpp.org/About-3GPP.
    2. 3GPP2, About 3GPP2, http://www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/Misc/AboutHome.cfm.
    3. Alcatel-Luncent Press Release, (undated), Alcatel-Luncent LTE-Licensing, http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4w3MfQFSYGYRq6m-pEoYgbxjgiRIH1vfV-P_NxU_QD9gtzQiHJHR0UAAD_zXg!!/delta/base64xml/L0lJayEvUUd3QndJQSEvNElVRkNBISEvNl9BX0FLTC9lbl93dw!!?LMSGCABINET=Innovation&LMSG_CONTENT_FILE=Innovation_Overview/lte_licensing.xml.
    4. Broadcom Press Release, Qualcomm and Broadcom reach settlement and patent agreement, 04/26/2009, http://www.broadcom.com/press/release.php?id=s379764.
    5. CTIA, About CTIA, http://www.ctia.org/aboutCTIA/.
    6. CDMA DEVELOPMENT GROUP, CDMA History, http://www.cdg.org/resources/cdma_history.asp.
    7. Ericsson Press Release, (undated), Licensing Programs, http://www.ericsson.com/pg/yourbusiness/equipment_manufacturer/licencing_programs.
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    13. ITU Report, Requirements related to technical performance for IMT-Advanced radio interface(s) (2008) . http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/opb/rep/R-REP-M.2134-2008-PDF-E.pdf.
    14. Nokia Press Release, Nokia has paid less than 3 percent gross royalty rate for WCDMA handsets, April 17, 2007, http://press.nokia.com/2007/04/12/nokia-has-paid-less-than-3-per-cent-gross-royalty-rate-for-wcdma-handsets/.
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    23. ZTE Press Release, Dec. 22, 2008, The Licensing Policy on LTE essential patent of ZTE, http://wwwen.zte.com.cn/en/press_center/news/200810/t20081008_160196.html.
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法律學研究所
    96651019
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