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    題名: 退出、呼籲、忠誠: 中國城市基層選舉參與的效能與行動
    Exit, voice, and loyalty: how grassroots elections reshape urban Chinese citizens` political efficacy and political actions
    作者: 蔡儀儂
    Tsai, Yi Nung
    貢獻者: 陳陸輝
    Chen, Lu huei
    蔡儀儂
    Tsai, Yi Nung
    關鍵詞: 政治參與
    基層選舉
    中國政治
    政治功效意識
    政治行動
    political participation
    grassroots elections
    Chinese politics
    political efficacy
    political actions
    日期: 2010
    上傳時間: 2013-09-03 16:30:45 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 對於比較政治領域,威權政體的「選舉」開放,是否真的會使公民出現自主性參與,一直是學界極為關注的命題。檢視當前中國城市基層選舉,可以發現,參與帶動的「有限政治改革」,其效果仍難以預料。因此,本研究主要探討,轉型中政權選舉的制度效應,會對選民個體的「政治功效意識」與政治行動帶來何種影響。我們並嘗試從政治功效意識的研究範疇,提出「防禦性」與「認同性」兩種概念分類,「防禦性」功效意識是由於選民的維權心態激發的投票參與意願,「認同性」效能感是由選舉動員浮現的群體認同投票意識。我們假設,個體同時經歷過「認同性」與「防禦性」兩種功效意識的形塑過程,但又受到個人的「政權支持」程度影響,不可能出現兩種功效意識同時上升的情形。而個別心態傾向會影響後續的政治行動,會有「退出」、「呼籲」、「忠誠」三種行動抉擇。「退出」是不再進場參與投票,「呼籲」走向過激的政治反抗,「忠誠」則是向黨國輸誠。

    針對上述假定,本研究以上海2006、2009年兩次居委會換屆選舉為研究個案。根據作者田野調查發現,經過選後,防禦性功效意意識較高的選民,最終採取「抗議」的政治行動;認同性功效意識較高的選民,雖部分仍表態黨國「忠誠」,但多數參與者卻由於選舉過程無法滿足,浮現「失望」,呈現參與「退出」的情況。因此,「『高認同性』功效意識選民退出-『高防禦性』功效意識選民呼籲」,構成了社區基層選舉存在著普遍的「集體行動困境」,但值得注意的是,這種選舉失望走向從「退出」的行動選擇,卻也可能最終又走回「呼籲」的過激行動。就此觀之,中國的基層民主發展,或許會是面臨集體行動困境之後,走向突發轉折的非預期性後果。
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    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    東亞研究所
    97260012
    99
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097260012
    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[東亞研究所] 學位論文

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