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    题名: 兩岸太陽能光電廠商競合策略研究
    A case study for cross-strait photovoltaic interfirm co-opetition strategy
    作者: 王羚卉
    贡献者: 黃國峯
    王羚卉
    关键词: 太陽能光電產業
    交易成本理論
    資源基礎觀點
    競合策略
    鑽石模型
    五力分析
    Photovoltaic Industry
    Transaction Cost Theory
    Resource-based View
    Co-opetition
    Diamond Model
    Five Forces Model
    日期: 2010
    上传时间: 2013-09-03 14:40:20 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 近年來,環境汙染、能源危機等議題,使世界各國莫不開始重視環境永續經營之課題。目前被認為具發展潛力之替代能源包括太陽能、風力、地熱、水力、生質能等,其中,由於太陽能為取之不盡、用之不竭的循環再生能源,具無汙染、發展歷史悠久、取得來源穩定、發電成本逐年下降等優勢,因此,各國政府皆致力於太陽能光電產業之發展與推動。
    根據統計,太陽能光電產業產品製造重心在2008年金融風暴後,快速往亞洲地區移動,產量增加最快的地區為中國和臺灣,兩岸因各自不同的地理環境、發展條件、政府政策等因素,促使相關產品在全球市場佔有率持續增加。2009 年全球太陽能電池產量為9.34GW,其中,中國與台灣佔全球總產量的49%(中國38%、台灣11%),可見兩岸同時共享全球太陽能光電市場,亦共同競爭全球再生能源產業版圖。
    本研究由廠商角度出發,針對兩岸太陽能光電產業競爭與合作策略進行多面向分析研究。首先透過Porter (1980, 1990)五力分析與鑽石模型,對兩岸太陽能光電產業進行探討,並以廠商層次之資源基礎與交易成本等理論,瞭解個案廠商的交易成本與交易價值,同時探討國家和產業因素是否在廠商合作或不合作決策間形成調節效果。本研究發現,面對中國廠商,不同價值鏈階段的台灣廠商需選擇不同的競爭或合作策略,垂直整合並非台灣太陽能光電廠商首選之發展策略。同時,基於資源與能力的互補性可發現,兩岸同價值鏈階段廠商呈相互競爭狀態,廠商合作動機低,而兩岸不同價值鏈階段廠商的合作動機則高。在合作方式方面,則因台灣廠商的目的性差異,主要分作長短期契約和合資兩種方式。此外,本研究亦發現國家條件,如生產要素互補性與政府政策,以及產業發展現況將帶動兩岸廠商建立合作關係的可能性。
    Due to increasingly environmental issues such as pollution or energy crisis, people begin to regard environmental sustainability as an important topic in recent years. There are several kinds of potential substitute energy, including solar, wind, geothermal, water power, biomass energy, etc. Solar energy is one of important substitute energies because of its pollution-free characteristics, stability and decreasing cost trend. Therefore, the governments are committed to develop and promote the solar photovoltaic industry.
    According to statistics, the production area of photovoltaic products has been moved quickly from Europe to Asia after the financial crisis in 2008. The two of the fastest growing areas are China and Taiwan. Due to geographical environment, development conditions, government policies and other industrial factors, photovoltaic products from China and Taiwan continue to increase in the global market share. For instance, China and Taiwan accounted for 49% (or 93.4GW) of the worldwide solar cell production (38% in China, 11% in Taiwan) in 2009. It is obvious that China and Taiwan are competing the global photovoltaic market share.
    Based on five forces model, diamond model, transaction cost theory and resource-based view, this study provides a multi-strategic analysis of co-opetition in the cross-strait photovoltaic industry. By collecting secondary data and conducing case study, I complete a serious of systematic analysis and results with the grounded theory approach.
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    20. 吳瓊恩、張世杰(1994)。質化與量化的評估途徑之比較研究,兼論其對政策分析之意涵,國立政治大學學報,68 (2),121-142。
    21. 紀夙娟(1992)。台灣電子電器廠商策略聯盟之動機與型態研究-對日本之實證,國立政治大學國際貿易研究所碩士論文。
    22. 徐守正(2006)。美國2005能源政策法,能源報導,95(2),31-33。中文部分
    1. Andrew, G. S.著,王平原譯(1996)。10倍速時代。台北: 大塊文化。
    2. Breandenburger, M. A. & Nalebuff , B. J. 著,許恩得譯(2004)。競合策略:賽局理論的經營智慧。臺北:臺灣培生教育。
    3. Dynasty, S 著,戴安林譯(2006)。One Plus One Equals Three。台北:前景文化。
    4. Grant, R. M. 著,謝凱宇、林舒柔譯(2005)。現代策略管理: 觀念.技巧應用。台北: 科大文化。
    5. Flick, U. 著,李政賢、廖志恒、林靜如譯(2002)。質性研究導論。台北:五南。
    6. Miller, A. & Dess, G. G.著,蘇哲仁、林家五合譯(1999)。策略管理。台北: 麥格羅希爾。
    7. Rackham, N., Friedman, L. & Ruff, R.著,蘇怡仲譯(1997)。合作競爭大未來。台北: 麥格羅希爾。
    8. Strauss, A. & Corbin, J.,徐宗國譯(1997)。質性研究概論。台北:巨流。
    9. Yin, R. K.著,尚榮安譯(1994)。個案研究法。台北,弘智文化。
    10. 中華人民共和國國家發展和改革委員會(2007)。可再生能源中長期發展規 劃。方至民(2002)。企業競爭優勢。台北: 前程文化。
    11. 太陽光電協會(2008)。太陽電池技術專利的分析與探究。
    12. 王旭昇(2007)。太陽能光電產業(三)。台灣工業銀行綜合研究所。
    13. 司徒達賢(1995)。策略管理。台北: 遠流。
    14. 司徒達賢(1992)。中小企業互助合作與企業整合之研究與輔導-以電子業與機械業為例,國立政治大學公企中心。
    15. 林晉寬(1995)從資於基礎理論探討資源特性與成長策略之關係,政治大學企業管理研究所博士論文
    16. 江誠榮(2002)。產業策略聯盟之硏究: 以台灣環保設備產業為例,國立政治大學經營管理硏究所碩士論文。
    17. 竹田志郎(1992)。國際策略聯盟。同文館。
    18. 李仁芳(1994)。企業如何掌握競爭優勢,世界經理文摘,89,18-63。
    19. 吳思華(2000)。策略九說:策略思考的本質,台北:臉譜。
    20. 吳瓊恩、張世杰(1994)。質化與量化的評估途徑之比較研究,兼論其對政策分析之意涵,國立政治大學學報,68 (2),121-142。
    21. 紀夙娟(1992)。台灣電子電器廠商策略聯盟之動機與型態研究-對日本之實證,國立政治大學國際貿易研究所碩士論文。
    22. 徐守正(2006)。美國2005能源政策法,能源報導,95(2),31-33。23. 財信出版 編著(2009)。新太陽鍊金術。台北:財信出版。
    24. 張馥芳(2004)。廠商在策略群組間移動之硏究: 以台灣地區人壽保險業為例。國立政治大學企業管理學系博士論文。
    25. 許士軍(1996)。定性研究在管理學上的重要,中原學報,24 (2),1-3。
    26. 陳玫伶(2003)。從資源基礎理論探討企業成長之動態歷程-以傳統產業之廠商為例。國立政治大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
    27. 楊澤泉(1991)。政府政策與企業政策:評介Michael E. Porter (1990) “The Competitive Advantage of Nations”。成大企研學報,03,111-122。
    28. 薛文蔚、徐世昌(2009)。贏在競合:快速脈動下的產業協同策略。台北:商周。
    29. 鄭志明(2009)策略性知識學習系統之建構—以資源基礎觀點探討台灣資訊軟體公司,國立成功大學高階管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。
    30. 簡岳佐(1994)。台灣企業網絡: 由交易成本經濟學的觀點出發。國立政治大學企業管理學系碩士論文。

    英文部分
    1. Aaker, D. A. (1989). Management Assets and Skills: The Key to a Sustainable Competitive Advantage, California Management Review, Vol.24, pp.97-106.
    2. Amit, R. & Shoemaker, P. J. H. (1993). Strategic Assets and Organizational Rent. Strategic Management Journal, Vol.14 (1), pp.33-46.
    3. Andrew, G. S. (1996). Only the Paranoid Survive, New York: Doubleday Business.
    4. Arnold, U. (2000). New Dimensions of Outsourcing: A Combination of Transaction Cost Economics and the Core Competencies Concept. European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, Vol. 6, pp.23-29.
    5. Barney, J. B. (1997). Getting and Sustaining Competitive Advantage. MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
    6. Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, Vol.17 (1), pp.99-120.
    7. Barney, J. B. (1986). Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck, and Business Strategy. Management Science, Vol.32 (10), pp.1231-1241.
    8. BarNir, A., & Smith, K. A. (2002). Interfirm Alliances in the Small Business: The Role of Social Networks. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 40(3) , pp.219–232.
    9. Black, J.A. & Boal, K. B. (1994). Strategic Resources: Traits, Configurations and Sustainable Competitive Advantage, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.15 (Sum), pp.131-148.
    10. Cartwright, W. R. (1993). Multiple Linked ```Diamonds``` and the International Competitiveness of Export-Dependent Industries: The New Zealand Experience," Management International Review, Vol.33 (2), pp.55-70.
    11. Christian, B. J. & Andreas, W. (1993). A Note on the Austrian “diamond”`, Management International Review, Vol.33 (2), pp.109-118.
    12. Chatterjee, S. & Wernerfelt, B. (1991). The Link Between Resources and Type23. 財信出版 編著(2009)。新太陽鍊金術。台北:財信出版。
    24. 張馥芳(2004)。廠商在策略群組間移動之硏究: 以台灣地區人壽保險業為例。國立政治大學企業管理學系博士論文。
    25. 許士軍(1996)。定性研究在管理學上的重要,中原學報,24 (2),1-3。
    26. 陳玫伶(2003)。從資源基礎理論探討企業成長之動態歷程-以傳統產業之廠商為例。國立政治大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
    27. 楊澤泉(1991)。政府政策與企業政策:評介Michael E. Porter (1990) “The Competitive Advantage of Nations”。成大企研學報,03,111-122。
    28. 薛文蔚、徐世昌(2009)。贏在競合:快速脈動下的產業協同策略。台北:商周。
    29. 鄭志明(2009)策略性知識學習系統之建構—以資源基礎觀點探討台灣資訊軟體公司,國立成功大學高階管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。
    30. 簡岳佐(1994)。台灣企業網絡: 由交易成本經濟學的觀點出發。國立政治大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
    英文部分
    1. Aaker, D. A. (1989). Management Assets and Skills: The Key to a Sustainable Competitive Advantage, California Management Review, Vol.24, pp.97-106.
    2. Amit, R. & Shoemaker, P. J. H. (1993). Strategic Assets and Organizational Rent. Strategic Management Journal, Vol.14 (1), pp.33-46.
    3. Andrew, G. S. (1996). Only the Paranoid Survive, New York: Doubleday Business.
    4. Arnold, U. (2000). New Dimensions of Outsourcing: A Combination of Transaction Cost Economics and the Core Competencies Concept. European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, Vol. 6, pp.23-29.
    5. Barney, J. B. (1997). Getting and Sustaining Competitive Advantage. MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
    6. Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, Vol.17 (1), pp.99-120.
    7. Barney, J. B. (1986). Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck, and Business Strategy. Management Science, Vol.32 (10), pp.1231-1241.
    8. BarNir, A., & Smith, K. A. (2002). Interfirm Alliances in the Small Business: The Role of Social Networks. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 40(3) , pp.219–232.
    9. Black, J.A. & Boal, K. B. (1994). Strategic Resources: Traits, Configurations and Sustainable Competitive Advantage, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.15 (Sum), pp.131-148.
    10. Cartwright, W. R. (1993). Multiple Linked ```Diamonds``` and the International Competitiveness of Export-Dependent Industries: The New Zealand Experience," Management International Review, Vol.33 (2), pp.55-70.
    11. Christian, B. J. & Andreas, W. (1993). A Note on the Austrian “diamond”`, Management International Review, Vol.33 (2), pp.109-118.
    12. Chatterjee, S. & Wernerfelt, B. (1991). The Link Between Resources and Type23. 財信出版 編著(2009)。新太陽鍊金術。台北:財信出版。
    24. 張馥芳(2004)。廠商在策略群組間移動之硏究: 以台灣地區人壽保險業為例。國立政治大學企業管理學系博士論文。
    25. 許士軍(1996)。定性研究在管理學上的重要,中原學報,24 (2),1-3。
    26. 陳玫伶(2003)。從資源基礎理論探討企業成長之動態歷程-以傳統產業之廠商為例。國立政治大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
    27. 楊澤泉(1991)。政府政策與企業政策:評介Michael E. Porter (1990) “The Competitive Advantage of Nations”。成大企研學報,03,111-122。
    28. 薛文蔚、徐世昌(2009)。贏在競合:快速脈動下的產業協同策略。台北:商周。
    29. 鄭志明(2009)策略性知識學習系統之建構—以資源基礎觀點探討台灣資訊軟體公司,國立成功大學高階管理碩士在職專班碩士論文。
    30. 簡岳佐(1994)。台灣企業網絡: 由交易成本經濟學的觀點出發。國立政治大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
    英文部分
    1. Aaker, D. A. (1989). Management Assets and Skills: The Key to a Sustainable Competitive Advantage, California Management Review, Vol.24, pp.97-106.
    2. Amit, R. & Shoemaker, P. J. H. (1993). Strategic Assets and Organizational Rent. Strategic Management Journal, Vol.14 (1), pp.33-46.
    3. Andrew, G. S. (1996). Only the Paranoid Survive, New York: Doubleday Business.
    4. Arnold, U. (2000). New Dimensions of Outsourcing: A Combination of Transaction Cost Economics and the Core Competencies Concept. European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, Vol. 6, pp.23-29.
    5. Barney, J. B. (1997). Getting and Sustaining Competitive Advantage. MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
    6. Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, Vol.17 (1), pp.99-120.
    7. Barney, J. B. (1986). Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck, and Business Strategy. Management Science, Vol.32 (10), pp.1231-1241.
    8. BarNir, A., & Smith, K. A. (2002). Interfirm Alliances in the Small Business: The Role of Social Networks. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 40(3) , pp.219–232.
    9. Black, J.A. & Boal, K. B. (1994). Strategic Resources: Traits, Configurations and Sustainable Competitive Advantage, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.15 (Sum), pp.131-148.
    10. Cartwright, W. R. (1993). Multiple Linked ```Diamonds``` and the International Competitiveness of Export-Dependent Industries: The New Zealand Experience," Management International Review, Vol.33 (2), pp.55-70.
    11. Christian, B. J. & Andreas, W. (1993). A Note on the Austrian “diamond”`, Management International Review, Vol.33 (2), pp.109-118.
    12. Chatterjee, S. & Wernerfelt, B. (1991). The Link Between Resources and Typeof Diversification: Theory and Evidence. Strategy Management Journal, Vol.12, pp.33-48.
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