政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/59701
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  全文筆數/總筆數 : 113451/144438 (79%)
造訪人次 : 51340552      線上人數 : 846
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
搜尋範圍 查詢小技巧:
  • 您可在西文檢索詞彙前後加上"雙引號",以獲取較精準的檢索結果
  • 若欲以作者姓名搜尋,建議至進階搜尋限定作者欄位,可獲得較完整資料
  • 進階搜尋
    政大機構典藏 > 理學院 > 心理學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/59701
    請使用永久網址來引用或連結此文件: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/59701


    題名: 無聲勝有聲?!──「不理」在青春期友誼中的意涵與歷程
    Silence speaks more than words?! Ignoring in adolescent friendship
    作者: 賴思伃
    Lai, Szu Yu
    貢獻者: 黃囇莉
    Huang, Li Li
    賴思伃
    Lai, Szu Yu
    關鍵詞: 不理
    青春期友誼
    內隱衝突
    ignoring
    adolescent friendship
    hidden conflict
    日期: 2010
    上傳時間: 2013-09-03 13:26:24 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本研究旨在探索青春期好友關係中「不理」的互動事件。過去研究將「不理」視為關係攻擊,然而,不理或斷絕關係會發生在好友關係上,且行為者自身對此亦有相當的痛苦感,關係攻擊未能解釋如此弔詭現象。事實上,為了維繫關係的和諧,雙方關係良好者 通常不易以抗爭因應,衝突成為內隱性,不直接撕破臉而以「不理」為傳達不滿的方式。因此,本研究將以黃囇莉(2006)「人際和諧與衝突動態模式」為研究架構,於關係脈絡下重新理解「不理」。並以半結構式的訪談大綱,針對十三名參與者進行深度訪談,蒐集參與者述說其「不理」的經驗歷程的質性資料。
    研究結果指出,「不理」的互動歷程展現出青春期友誼拿捏人我距離的練習,並對於後續親密關係的人際互動有所影響。青春期的好友關係為非穩定的自發性情感支持關係,卻由於好友的角色義務不明確,反而令「關係」的親近拿捏成為引發衝突的原因,從親與近的互動浮現關係裡的失合與失調,包括「無心傷害」、「情感性地付出與回報不對等」、「挫敗遷怒」及「拉開距離」,成為主動方心底的內隱衝突。這些主動方主觀知覺的內隱衝突較為隱晦,無正當性據理力爭,加上社會文化對於關係和諧的要求,令主動方身處於「直接吵是傷人,放低姿態溝通卻有損自我」的兩難情境。在顧全大局之下,主動方運用「不理」讓被動方能意識到他的不滿,而使得主動方的內隱衝突有機會浮上雙方互動的檯面,因此看似無互動的不理,實則為主動方促始關係改變的方式。
    在「不理」的停滯期間,若持續沒有明確的焦點,冷靜之後,衝突淡化而進入虛性和諧。若衝突激化,則會造成關係的斷裂。特別的是,「不理」同時提供將虛性和轉化成實性和諧的機會。讓內隱衝突浮現檯面,若能予以冷靜化,雙方相互溝通,使之成為實性衝突,而能有所聚焦。且在此過程中雙方能表達對關係的重視,反而能讓雙方的關係轉化成更穩定的實性和諧。此外,由於青春期友誼有相當高的情感依附性,即使實際互動早已形同陌路,心裡卻不會輕易認定關係結止,既然關係未完成,就有復合的一日。由此可知,「不理」其後的結果不一定全是負面,這是以關係攻擊觀點無法看見之處。
    本研究將焦點置於關係之中,探索青春期友誼關係中「不理」的因素,提供更細密地資料以理解當事人的難處與心理歷程,並凸顯出友誼關係離合的轉折,讓關係的鬆動與改變有計可施。因而可作為青少年友誼人際衝突化解與結束之預防教育與輔導的參考。
    Previous studies treat ignoring like one type of relationship aggression. However ignoring and ending the relationship happen in close friendships. From the relationship aggression point of view , there is no explanation why the actor feels pain and guilt in this situation.
    In interpersonal conflict the people who place importance on the relationship can not easily confront it but rather let the conflict become implicit. Not to damage the relationship directly but to ignore the target is one way of coping with conflict. Ignoring passes on an unsatisfied feeling silently. This study used the dynamic model of interpersonal harmony and conflict to explore ignoring. 13 participants were interviewed to report their own ignoring experiences.
    The results showed that the ignoring process is a practice in how to balance the I-Thou psychological distance and it affects future intimate relationships. Close friendships in adolescence are high support relationships but can be unstable. Due to obscure role obligation, causes of conflict in these relationships include “unwittingly harm”,” inequitable affections”, “anger transferring”, and ”more independent space”. In addition to all of these hidden conflicts are illegitimate reasons. Also, the cultural drive to maintain harmony results in a dilemma where acting out hurts the other but not acting out hurts oneself.
    There were four results after this “stuck in the mud” period. If the conflict stayed vague, the relationship entered into superficial harmony, where the closeness of the relationship was decreased. If the conflict grew, the resulting relationship was broken. If there was a chance to communicate clearly and express each other’s value in the relationship, the resulting relationship entered into genuine harmony. The last result was an unfinished situation due to the high affection in adolescent friendship. Even though there was no longer contact, these people did not easily identify the end of the relationship. This suggests, the results after ignoring are not all negative. However from the relationship aggression point of view, positive results cannot be found.
    Thus, this research suggests using the the interpersonal and harmony views to explore ignoring and it is suggested that understanding the ignoring situation is more effective than blocking it in practice.
    參考文獻: 王孜甯(2008):《情境式關係攻擊量表的發展—成年初顯期之關係攻擊》。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學研究所,碩士班論文,未出版,台北。
    王明傳&雷庚玲(2008):(華人青少年前期兒童之間接攻擊行爲的反應評鑑與情緒經驗)。《中華心理學刊》,50,71-90頁。
    王鎮岳(2007):《臺北地區國中學生行為困擾與因應策略之研究》。國立臺灣師範大學工業教育學研究所在職進修,碩士班論文,未出版,台北。
    朱瑞玲(1992):(中國人的慈善觀念)。楊國樞,余安邦(主編):《中國人的心理與行為—文化、教化及病理篇》(1992)。台北:桂冠圖書公司。
    李敏龍、楊國樞(1998):(中國人的忍:概念分析與實徵研究)。《本土心理學研究》,10,3-68。
    李潔文(2008):〈詮釋論與社會科學本土化〉。見楊中芳(主編):《本土心理學研究取徑論叢》。台北:遠流。
    杜仲傑(1989):《大學生人際親密的評量與身心適應親子情人異性朋友同性朋友四種角色的相關分析》。國立台灣大學心理學研究所,碩士論文,未出版,台北。
    吳齊殷、李婷潔(2008):生命事件觸發青少年憂鬱症狀與偏差行為的因果機制。中央研究院社會學研究所,台灣青少年成長歷程研究第二次學術研討會。台北:中央研究院。
    利翠珊(2006):(華人婚姻韌性的形成與變化:概念釐清與理論建構)。《本土心理學研究》,25,101-137。
    林苡彤(2008):《國中生關係攻擊角色與規範信念、同理心、人際衝突因應策略之相關研究》。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所,碩士論文,未出版,台北。
    畢恆達(1995):(生活經驗研究的反省:詮釋學的觀點)。《本土心理學研究》,8,224-259。
    陳盈旬(2007):《少年攻擊評估量表之信、效度研究》。國立政治大學心理學研究所,碩士論文,未出版,台北。
    莊季靜(2006):《國中學生同儕攻擊者之社會訊息處理歷程研究》。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所,碩士論文,未出版,台北。
    黃光國(1988):《中國人的權力遊戲》。台北:巨流圖書公司。
    黃光國(2005):《儒家關係主義:文化反思與典範重建》。台北:台大出版中心。
    黃囇莉(2006):《人際和諧與衝突:本土化的理論與研究》。台北市:揚智文化。
    黃囇莉(2008):〈科學渴望創意、創意需要科學:紮根理論在本土心理學中的運用與轉化〉。見楊中芳(主編):《本土心理學研究取徑論叢》。台北:遠流。
    黃囇莉、許詩淇(2006):(虛虛實實之間:婆媳關係的和諧化歷程與和諧化機制)。《本土心理學研究》,25,1-43。
    黃囇莉、鄭婉蓉、黃光國(2008):(邁向發聲之路:上下關係中「忍」的歷程與自我轉化)。《本土心理學研究》,29,3-73.
    彭泗清、楊中芳(1999):(人際交往關係的影響因素與發展過程)。《本土心理學研究》,12,291-312。
    董定儀(2009):《保持距離,以策安全?友誼間的親密到疏離》。佛光大學心理研究所,碩士論文,未出版,宜蘭。
    劉冠妏(2009):《青少年期遭受隱性攻擊事件的女孩之敘說研究》。淡江大學教育心理與諮商研究所,碩士論文,未出版,台北。
    關秉寅(2001):〈青少年處理人際糾紛方式初探〉。《應用心理研究》,11,141-173。
    藍珮君(2006):《國中女生關係攻擊行為及意圖歸因、友誼品質、自我概念之相關研究》。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學研就所,碩士班論文,未出版,台北。
    雅虎資訊(2011)。不理,人際煩惱 知事+。(2011年1月7日),取自
    http://tw.knowledge.yahoo.com/search/search_result?p=%E4%B8%8D%E7%90%86&tab=0&sc=396540774 。
    Adams, R., & Laursen, B. (2001). The organization and dynamics of adolescent conflict with parents and friends. Journal of Marriage & family, 63,97-111.
    Ainsworth, M. D. S. & Bowlby, J. (1991). An ethological approach to personality development. American Psychologist, 46(2), 333-341.
    Baxter, L. A. & Philpott, J. (1982). Attribution-based strategies for initiating and terminating friendships. Communication Quarterly, 30, 217-224.
    Bigelow, B. J., Tesson, G. and Lewko, J.H. (1992). The social rules that children use: close friends, other friends, and “other kids” compared to parents, teachers, and siblings. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 15, 315-335.
    Bukowski, W.M., Pizzamiglio, M.T., Newcomb, A.F. and Hoza, B. (1996). Popularity as an affordance for friendship. Social Development, 5, 189-202.
    Burleson, B.R. and Samter, W. (1994). A social skills approach to relationship maintenance. In: D.J.Cannary and L.Stafford (eds) , Communciation and relational maintenance. San Diego, CA:Academic Press.
    Claes, M.E. (1992). Friendship and personal adjustment during adolescence. Jounaral of Adolescence, 15, 39-55.
    Crick, N. R. (1996). The role of relational aggression, overt aggression and prosocail behavior in the prediction on children’s future social adjustment. Child Development, 67, 2317-2327.
    Crick, N. R., Casas, J. F., & Nelson, D. A. (2002). Toward a more comprehensive understanding of peer maltreatment: Studies of relational victimization. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 98-101.
    Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1996). Children`s treatment by peers: Victims of relational and overt aggression. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 367-38.
    Erikson, E. H. (1968). Youth and crisis. New York, NY: Norton.
    Erwin, P. 黃牧仁(譯)(1998/1999)。Friendship in childhood and adolescence. 譯名:《兒童到青少年的友誼發展》。台北:五南。
    Forsyth, D. R. (1990). Group dynamics (2nd ed.). CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
    Giordano, P. C. (1995). The wider circle of friends in adolescence. American Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 39, 246-355.
    Gilligan C. 王雅各(譯) (1982/2002). In A Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women`s. 譯名:《不同的語音:心理學理論與女性的發展》。台北:心理。
    Grotpeter, J. K., & Crick, N. R. (1996). Relational aggression, overt aggression, and friendship. Child Development, 67(5), 2328-2338.
    Hallinan, M.(1980). Patterns of clinquing among youth. In: H.C.Foot, A.J. Chapman and J.R.Smith (eds), Friendship and social relations in children. Chichester:Wiley.
    Harvey, J.H., Weber, A.L. Yarkin, K.L.and Stewart, B.E. (1982). An attributional approach to relationships breakdown and dissolution. In: S.W.Duck (ed.), Personal relationships,vol.4: Dissolving personal relationship. London: Academic Press.
    Hatfield, E., and Rapson, R. L. (1996). Love and Sex: Cross-cultural Perspectives. New York: Allyn& Bacon.
    Horwitz, A. V.(1990). The logic of social control. New York: Plenum Press.
    Hu, H.C.(1949). Emotions, real and assumed, in Chinese society. Institute for Intercultural Studies, Columbia University, New York, No. RCC-Ch-PR4.
    Hwang, K.K. (2000). Chinese relationalism: Theoretical Construction and methodological Considerations. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 30(2), 155-178
    Janoff-Bulman, R., Timko, C., & Carli, L. L. (1985). Cognitive biases in blaming the victim. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21, 161-177.
    Kratcoski,P.C., & Kratcoski,L.D. (1996). Juvenile Delinquency(4th ed). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall,Inc.
    Laursen, B. (1995). Conflict and social interaction in adolescent relationships. Journal of Research on Adolescence , 5, 55-70.
    Laursen, B., & Collins, W. A. (1994). Interpersonal conflict during adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 197–209.
    Levinger, G. and Levinger, A.C. (1986). The temporal course of close relationships: some thoughts about the development of children’s ties. In: W.W.Hartup and Z.Rubin (eds), Relationships and development. Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum.
    Linder, J. R., Crick, N. R., & Collins, W. A. (2002). Relational aggression and victimization in young adults` romantic relationships: Associations with perceptions of parent, peer, and romantic relationship quality. Social Development, 11, 69-86.
    Minichiello V., Aroni R., Timewell E. & Alexander L. (1995). In-depth Interviewing (2nd ed). South Melbourne: Longman.
    Oswald, D. L., Clark, E. M., & Kelly, C. M. (2004). Friendship maintenance: An analysis of individual and dyad behaviors. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(3), 413-441.
    Parker, J., and Gottman, J.M. (1980). Social and emotional development in a relational context. In: T.J.Berndt and G.W.Ladd (eds), Peer relationships in child development. New York: Wiley.
    Ross, L. D. (1977). The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortions in the attribution process. In L. Berkowitz. (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, 10 , 173-220.New York: Random House.
    Rubin,Z. (1970). Measurement of romantic love. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 265-273.
    Selman, R. L. (1980). The growth of interpersonal understanding-Developmental and clinical analysis. New York:Academic press.
    Simmons R. 曾如瑩(譯) (2002/2003). Odd girl out: The hidden culture of aggression in girls. 譯名:《怪女孩出列:揭開女孩間的隱性攻擊文化》。台北:商周。
    Sullivan, H.S. (1953). The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. New York:Norton.
    Wiseman, J. P. (1986). Friendship: Bonds and binds in a voluntary relationship. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 3, 191-211.
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    心理學研究所
    96752018
    99
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096752018
    資料類型: thesis
    顯示於類別:[心理學系] 學位論文

    文件中的檔案:

    檔案 描述 大小格式瀏覽次數
    201801.pdf1000KbAdobe PDF2868檢視/開啟


    在政大典藏中所有的資料項目都受到原著作權保護.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏,無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用,惟仍請適度,合理使用本網站之內容,以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用,則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作,已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益,如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者,請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw),維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - 回饋