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| Title: | GIS的底層架構在選區劃分之應用
Electoral districting using customized GIS libraries |
| Authors: | 崔元彰
Tsui, Yuah Chang |
| Contributors: | 何瑁鎧
Hor, Maw Kae
崔元彰
Tsui, Yuah Chang |
| Keywords: | 選區劃分
electoral districting |
| Date: | 2010 |
| Issue Date: | 2013-06-27 16:30:13 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 選區劃分近年來在台灣一直是備受關注的問題，由於選舉法規的修改以及行政區域的調整，選區必須重新調整，因此自動化的選區劃分方法也逐漸受到重視。過去的研究往往以不同的方法自動的劃分選區，而這類的方法常使用類似的功能進行選區劃分與評估。研究者彼此間缺乏一套可互享資源的標準或機制，往往導致新的研究者必須耗費甚多的時間來重新設計或開發這些類似的功能。
本論文中，我們提出一套機制以及整合此套機制的系統架構，可以減少自動化劃分選區軟體的開發成本。我們結合地理資訊系統內部結構，淬取圖層中的線段，改良自動劃分選區所採用的單元，再利用線段在各圖層間的相位關係，建立新的相鄰定義與相鄰關係，從而能改善選區劃分的方法與劃分結果評估之效能。
實作中，我們以所有台灣23個縣市的圖層來測試我們的機制，實驗結果顯示我們的機制可以有效的判斷選區邊界對選區形狀完整性造成的影響，同時，採用淬取之線段來計算，能大幅降低評估選區形狀所需之時間。
Electoral districting has received more attentions in Taiwan in recent years due to the change of electoral regulations or the change of the administrative districts. As a result, automatic electoral districting mechanism has also gotten more attentions gradually. Previous researches used various approaches in solving these problems and tend to adopt similar mechanisms in region districting or in results evaluation. The lack of standards or mechanisms in sharing the developing resources yields tremendous time wasting in rebuilding such functions.
In this thesis, we proposed a set of mechanisms as well as the system architecture that integrates these mechanisms. Using this system, one can reduce the costs in developing automatic electoral districting software. We also designed a system architecture that integrates these mechanisms and helps to reduce the maintenance costs. We extracted the arc properties from the coverage data layer in GIS to improve the basic unit used in the automatic electoral districting. We proposed a new concept of adjacency relations and used the topological relations in various data layers to construct these new adjacency relations. Using these new relations, one could improve the electoral districting developing processes as well as the efficiency of performance evaluations.
We used all twenty-three counties and cities of Taiwan to test our mechanisms. Experimental results shown that our mechanisms could determine the influences of districts’ boundaries to the districts’ shapes effectively. Moreover, using the extract arcs, one could reduce the time required in evaluating the districts’ shape dramatically. |
| Reference: | [1] 李俊瑩，“應用基因演算法重劃選區”，碩士論文，政治大學資訊科學 系，民國95年10月。
[2] 何瑁鎧、李俊瑩、劉克鑛、游清鑫，“選區重劃之分析與探討”，第十屆人工智慧與應用研討會(TAAI 2005)，高雄，民國94年12月。
[3] 謝長紘，“計算幾何學在選區劃分上之分析與應用”，碩士論文，政治大學資訊科學系，民國97年10月。
[4] 何瑁鎧、謝長紘，“計算幾何學在選區劃分上之分析與應用”，第十三屆人工智慧與應用研討會(TAAI 2008)，宜蘭，民國97年11月。
[5] 許宏敏，“多重選區劃分之分析與研究”，碩士論文，政治大學資訊科學系，民國98年1月。
[6] 何瑁鎧、許宏敏，”多重選區劃分之分析與研究”， 2009全國計算機會議(NCS2009) ，台北，民國98年11月。
[7] 吳振寰，“質心范諾圖在選區重劃之應用”，碩士論文，政治大學資訊科學系，民國98年10月。
[8] 張家愷，“立法委員選舉制度變革對我國政黨體系之影響”，碩士論文，政治大學國家發展研究所，民國98年7月。
[9] 鄒忠毅、李定國，“簡介導引模擬退火法及其應用”，物理雙月刊二十四卷二期，頁307-319，民國91年4月。
[10] 李世炳、鄒忠毅，“與傑利蠑螈共舞－選區劃分與統計物理學”，物理雙月刊三十卷三期，頁269-275，民國97年6月。
[11] 謝相慶，「單一選區界線劃分及其政治效應－以我國第七屆立法委員選舉為例」，2004年台灣政治學會年會「關鍵年代與多元政治」學術研討會，高雄，民國93年12月。
[12] 「第七屆立法委員直轄市、縣(市)選區劃分原則」，中華民國中央選舉委員會，民國98年8月。
[13] S.Hess, J.Weaver, H.Siegfeldt, J.Whealn and P.Zitlau, “Nonpartisan Political Redistricting by Computer” , Operations Research 13, 1965.
[14] Janette E. Bennett, West Virginia University, “ Conceptual and Application Issues in the Implementation of Object-Oriented GIS”, 2003.
[15] J. Žunic, Information Processing and Cybernetics Journal, Volume 26,Issue 3,1990.
[16] M. Altman, Rutgers Comput. and Technical Law Journal, 23, 81, 1997.
[17] “Gerrymandering: out of the political thicket and into the quagmire”. (Election Systems and Representative Democracy) Mark E. Rush. PS: Political Science & Politics v27 n4 p682, Dec. 1994.
[18] Kang-Tsung Chang, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems 3rd,McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2006.
[19] dBase format, http://www.dbase.com/KnowledgeBase/int/db7_file_fmt.htm
[20] ESRI Shapefile Technical Description, http://www.esri.com/library/whitepapers/pdfs/shapefile.pdf
[21] shape.net, http://sourceforge.net/projects/shapedotnet/
[22] Quick Hull, http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall08/cos226/demo/ah/QuickHull.html |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學學系
95753040
99 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095753040 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [資訊科學系] 學位論文
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| 304001.pdf | 1296Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 1635 | View/Open |
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